1
|
Debruyn G, Geltmeyer J, Schoolaert E, Nicolaï MPJ, Xie W, Wynant M, Shawkey MD, De Clerck K, D'Alba L. Hydric Environment and Chemical Composition Shape Non-avian Reptile Eggshell Absorption. Integr Comp Biol 2024; 64:107-119. [PMID: 38755009 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The amniotic egg fulfils a critical role in reproduction by serving as an interface between the external environment and the embryo. Because non-avian reptiles are rarely incubated, they must be heated by, and absorb water from, the oviposition site for the developing embryo. The mechanisms by which they absorb sufficient, but not excess, water and how these mechanisms vary with local habitat is largely unknown, despite its significance to their evolution. Here, we first performed histology, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic vapor sorption experiments to elucidate the mechanisms of eggshell absorption for 56 reptile species. Then, we used phylogenetic comparative analysis to test the hypothesis that the absorptive capacity of reptile eggshells increases with aridity of the environment. We found that water absorption increases in the presence of a superficial mucopolysaccharide layer and decreases with increased calcium content. We found that eggs from arid environments have highly absorbent eggshells, but only in species with weakly calcified shells. Our results suggest that reptile eggshells have over evolutionary time tuned absorptive capacity to environmental moisture level. Since these eggs often must sustain conflicting constraints, they may serve as inspirations for new biomimetic materials, such as water filtering membranes or humidity sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerben Debruyn
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jozefien Geltmeyer
- Center for Textile Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Ghent, Tech Lane Science Park 701, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ella Schoolaert
- Center for Textile Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Ghent, Tech Lane Science Park 701, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michaël P J Nicolaï
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wanjie Xie
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Wynant
- Center for Textile Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Ghent, Tech Lane Science Park 701, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Center for Textile Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Ghent, Tech Lane Science Park 701, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liliana D'Alba
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sim S, Park CM, Lee SH, Cho H, Ji Y, Noh H, Lee SI. The effect of avian eggshell membrane structure on microbial penetration: A simulation study. Biosystems 2024; 240:105234. [PMID: 38759750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Avian eggshells exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties. In this study, we conducted simulation experiments to explore the defense mechanisms of eggshell membranes with regards to their physical features. We developed a mathematical model for the movement of microorganisms and estimated their penetration ratio into eggshell membranes based on several factors, including membrane thickness, microbial size, directional drift, and attachment probability to membrane fibers. These results not only suggest that an eggshell membrane with multiple layers and low porosity indicates high antimicrobial performance, but also imply that the fibrous network structure of the membrane might contribute to effective defense. Our simulation results aligned with experimental findings, specifically in measuring the penetration time of Escherichia coli through the eggshell membrane. We briefly discuss the significance and limitations of this pilot study, as well as the potential for these results, to serve as a foundation for the development of antimicrobial materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Sim
- Ecological Technology Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Chungnam, South Korea.
| | - Cheol-Min Park
- Division of Industrial Mathematics, National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Division of Industrial Mathematics, National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Haeun Cho
- Laboratory of Behaviour and Ecology, Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngheum Ji
- School of Undergraduate Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heeso Noh
- Department of Nano and Electronic Physics, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Im Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Pham HM, Tran SD. The Chicken Egg: An Advanced Material for Tissue Engineering. Biomolecules 2024; 14:439. [PMID: 38672456 PMCID: PMC11048217 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The chicken egg, an excellent natural source of proteins, has been an overlooked native biomaterial with remarkable physicochemical, structural, and biological properties. Recently, with significant advances in biomedical engineering, particularly in the development of 3D in vitro platforms, chicken egg materials have increasingly been investigated as biomaterials due to their distinct advantages such as their low cost, availability, easy handling, gelling ability, bioactivity, and provision of a developmentally stimulating environment for cells. In addition, the chicken egg and its by-products can improve tissue engraftment and stimulate angiogenesis, making it particularly attractive for wound healing and tissue engineering applications. Evidence suggests that the egg white (EW), egg yolk (EY), and eggshell membrane (ESM) are great biomaterial candidates for tissue engineering, as their protein composition resembles mammalian extracellular matrix proteins, ideal for cellular attachment, cellular differentiation, proliferation, and survivability. Moreover, eggshell (ES) is considered an excellent calcium resource for generating hydroxyapatite (HA), making it a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration. This review will provide researchers with a concise yet comprehensive understanding of the chicken egg structure, composition, and associated bioactive molecules in each component and introduce up-to-date tissue engineering applications of chicken eggs as biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhang
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Hieu M. Pham
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (H.M.P.)
- Department of Periodontology, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (H.M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Javůrková VG, Mikšík I. New insights into the relationships between egg maternal components: the interplays between albumen steroid hormones, proteins and eggshell protoporphyrin. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 279:111401. [PMID: 36781044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the egg yolk maternal components, which are a mixture of substances that can affect the developing embryo, do not act separately but are interconnected and co-adapted. Surprisingly, no study to date has focused on the associations between maternally derived albumen steroids and albumen and eggshell compounds with pleiotropic effects. Eggshell pigment protoporphyrin (PROTO IX) should provide primary antimicrobial protection for eggs, but as a proven pro-oxidant, it may compromise female fitness. Abundant albumen proteins ovotransferrin (OVOTR) and lysozyme (LSM) have been shown to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunoregulatory and growth-regulatory roles. To investigate associations between albumen steroids and OVOTR, LSM and eggshell cuticle PROTO IX, we used chicken eggs with differently pigmented eggshells. We found that albumen steroid hormones were strongly intercorrelated. In addition, we revealed that albumen LSM and testosterone (T) were positively associated, while a negative association was found between albumen LSM and pregnenolone (P5). Eggshell cuticle PROTO IX was negatively associated with the concentration of albumen 17α-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OHP5). Finally, of all the hormones tested, only the concentration of albumen 17-OHP5 correlated negatively with egg volume and varied with eggshell colour and chicken breed. Although experimental evidence for the effect of maternal albumen steroids on avian developing embryo is still scarce, our study is the first to highlight co-variation and potential co-adjustment of maternally derived albumen steroids, proteins and eggshell cuticle pigment suggesting similar allocation mechanisms known for yolk maternal compounds with the potential to influence the avian embryo and offspring phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Gvoždíková Javůrková
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Mikšík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Legendre LJ, Choi S, Clarke JA. The diverse terminology of reptile eggshell microstructure and its effect on phylogenetic comparative analyses. J Anat 2022; 241:641-666. [PMID: 35758681 PMCID: PMC9358755 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reptile eggshell ensures water and gas exchange during incubation and plays a key role in reproductive success. The diversity of reptilian incubation and life history strategies has led to many clade-specific structural adaptations of their eggshell, which have been studied in extant taxa (i.e. birds, crocodilians, turtles, and lepidosaurs). Most studies on non-avian eggshells were performed over 30 years ago and categorized reptile eggshells into two main types: "hard" and "soft" - sometimes with a third intermediate category, "semi-rigid." In recent years, however, debate over the evolution of eggshell structure of major reptile clades has revealed how definitions of hard and soft eggshells influence inferred deep-time evolutionary patterns. Here, we review the diversity of extant and fossil eggshell with a focus on major reptile clades, and the criteria that have been used to define hard, soft, and semi-rigid eggshells. We show that all scoring approaches that retain these categories discretize continuous quantitative traits (e.g. eggshell thickness) and do not consider independent variation of other functionally important microstructural traits (e.g. degree of calcification, shell unit inner structure). We demonstrate the effect of three published approaches to discretizing eggshell type into hard, semi-rigid, and soft on ancestral state reconstructions using 200+ species representing all major extant and extinct reptile clades. These approaches result in different ancestral states for all major clades including Archosauria and Dinosauria, despite a difference in scoring for only 1-4% of the sample. Proposed scenarios of reptile eggshell evolution are highly conditioned by sampling, tree calibration, and lack of congruence between definitions of eggshell type. We conclude that the traditional "soft/hard/semi-rigid" classification of reptilian eggshells should be abandoned and provide guidelines for future descriptions focusing on specific functionally relevant characteristics (e.g. inner structures of shell units, pores, and membrane elements), analyses of these traits in a phylogenetic context, and sampling of previously undescribed taxa, including fossil eggs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Legendre
- Department of Geological SciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Seung Choi
- Department of Earth SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Julia A. Clarke
- Department of Geological SciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A novel malachite green staining approach for evaluating the internal freshness of egg by detecting the quality of egg cuticle. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
7
|
Shang B, Wang S, Lu L, Ma H, Liu A, Zupanic A, Jiang L, Elnawawy AS, Yu Y. Poultry eggshell-derived antimicrobial materials: Current status and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115096. [PMID: 35462255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poultry eggs, the basic foodstuffs of human society, have been extensively consumed for domestic and industrial uses. A large amount of eggshell waste is generated and discarded every year, resulting in a waste of natural resources and a threat to the environment. In this context, the reutilization of eggshell waste has gained increasing attentions. Meanwhile, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of many drug-resistant bacteria, which greatly endangers public health. Therefore, manufacturing new materials with strong antimicrobial activities has become the focus of many researchers. Recent studies have revealed that eggshells can be applied as solid substances, the raw materials for calcium oxide, and the calcium source for synthesizing hydroxyapatite or other materials with antimicrobial activities. Herein, the preparation methods, antibacterial mechanisms and the applications of these eggshell waste-derived antibacterial materials are summarized in this review. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoya Shang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqi Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Anze Zupanic
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Vecna Pot 111, Ljubljana, SI, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aml S Elnawawy
- Food Engineering and Packaging Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Yadong Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kulshreshtha G, D’Alba L, Dunn IC, Rehault-Godbert S, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Hincke MT. Properties, Genetics and Innate Immune Function of the Cuticle in Egg-Laying Species. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838525. [PMID: 35281050 PMCID: PMC8914949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidoic eggs possess very efficient and orchestrated systems to protect the embryo from external microbes until hatch. The cuticle is a proteinaceous layer on the shell surface in many bird and some reptile species. An intact cuticle forms a pore plug to occlude respiratory pores and is an effective physical and chemical barrier against microbial penetration. The interior of the egg is assumed to be normally sterile, while the outer eggshell cuticle hosts microbes. The diversity of the eggshell microbiome is derived from both maternal microbiota and those of the nesting environment. The surface characteristics of the egg, outer moisture layer and the presence of antimicrobial molecules composing the cuticle dictate constituents of the microbial communities on the eggshell surface. The avian cuticle affects eggshell wettability, water vapor conductance and regulates ultraviolet reflectance in various ground-nesting species; moreover, its composition, thickness and degree of coverage are dependent on species, hen age, and physiological stressors. Studies in domestic avian species have demonstrated that changes in the cuticle affect the food safety of eggs with respect to the risk of contamination by bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Moreover, preventing contamination of internal egg components is crucial to optimize hatching success in bird species. In chickens there is moderate heritability (38%) of cuticle deposition with a potential for genetic improvement. However, much less is known about other bird or reptile cuticles. This review synthesizes current knowledge of eggshell cuticle and provides insight into its evolution in the clade reptilia. The origin, composition and regulation of the eggshell microbiome and the potential function of the cuticle as the first barrier of egg defense are discussed in detail. We evaluate how changes in the cuticle affect the food safety of table eggs and vertical transmission of pathogens in the production chain with respect to the risk of contamination. Thus, this review provides insight into the physiological and microbiological characteristics of eggshell cuticle in relation to its protective function (innate immunity) in egg-laying birds and reptiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Kulshreshtha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Liliana D’Alba
- Evolutionary Ecology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ian C. Dunn
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maxwell T. Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi X, Li X, Li X, He Z, Chen X, Song J, Zeng L, Liang Q, Li J, Xu G, Zheng J. Antibacterial Properties of TMA against Escherichia coli and Effect of Temperature and Storage Duration on TMA Content, Lysozyme Activity and Content in Eggs. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040527. [PMID: 35206004 PMCID: PMC8870930 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on trimethylamine (TMA) in egg yolk have focused on how it impacts the flavor of eggs, but there has been little focus on its other functions. We designed an in vitro antibacterial test of TMA according to TMA concentrations that covered the TMA contents typically found in egg yolk. The change in TMA content in yolk was analyzed at different storage temperatures and for different storage durations. The known antibacterial components of eggs, including the cuticle quality of the eggshell and the lysozyme activity and content in egg white, were also assessed. The total bacterial count (TBC) of different parts of eggs were detected. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of TMA on Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth increased with increasing TMA concentration, and the yolk TMA content significantly increased with storage duration (p < 0.05). The cuticle quality and lysozyme content and activity significantly decreased with storage time and increasing temperature, accompanied by a significant increase in the TBC on the eggshell surface and in the egg white (p < 0.05). This work reveals a new role for trace TMA in yolks because it reduces the risk of bacterial colonization, especially when the antibacterial function of eggs is gradually weakened during storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.S.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Xingzheng Li
- Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shenzhen 440307, China;
| | - Xianyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.S.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Zhaoxiang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.S.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Xia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;
| | - Jianlou Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.S.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Lingsen Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.S.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Qianni Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.S.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Junying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.S.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Guiyun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.S.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.S.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-2741; Fax: +86-10-6273-1080
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brasil YL, Cruz-Tirado J, Barbin DF. Fast online estimation of quail eggs freshness using portable NIR spectrometer and machine learning. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Vasiljević M, Milićević D, Pleadin J, Tolimir N, Trailović S, Resanović R, Trailović JN. Effect of Modified Clinoptilolite to Counteract the Deleterious Effects of Ochratoxin A on Egg Production and Quality. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D Milićević
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Serbia
| | - J Pleadin
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Croatia
| | - N Tolimir
- Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, Serbia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kulshreshtha G, Benavides-Reyes C, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Diep T, Hincke MT. Impact of Different Layer Housing Systems on Eggshell Cuticle Quality and Salmonella Adherence in Table Eggs. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112559. [PMID: 34828840 PMCID: PMC8625084 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial load on the eggshell surface is a key factor in predicting the bacterial penetration and contamination of the egg interior. The eggshell cuticle is the first line of defense against vertical penetration by microbial food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella Enteritidis. Egg producers are increasingly introducing alternative caging systems into their production chain as animal welfare concerns become of greater relevance to today’s consumer. Stress that is introduced by hen aggression and modified nesting behavior in furnished cages can alter the physiology of egg formation and affect the cuticle deposition/quality. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of caging systems (conventional, enriched, free-run, and free-range), on eggshell cuticle parameters and the eggshell bacterial load. The cuticle plug thickness and pore length were higher in the free-range eggs as compared to conventional eggs. The eggshells from alternative caging (enriched and free-range) had a higher total cuticle as compared to conventional cages. A reduction in bacterial cell counts was observed on eggshells that were obtained from free-range eggs as compared to the enriched systems. An inverse correlation between the contact angle and Salmonella adherence was observed. These results indicate that the housing systems of layer hens can modify the cuticle quality and thereby impact bacterial adherence and food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Kulshreshtha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Cristina Benavides-Reyes
- Departamento de Mineralogia y Petrologia, Campus de Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain; (C.B.-R.); (A.B.R.-N.)
| | - Alejandro B. Rodriguez-Navarro
- Departamento de Mineralogia y Petrologia, Campus de Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain; (C.B.-R.); (A.B.R.-N.)
| | - Ty Diep
- Lyn Egg Production and Grading, Burnbrae Farms Limited, Lyn, ON K0E 1M0, Canada;
| | - Maxwell T. Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 8193)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao G, Gao D, Zhao X, Xu S, Zhang K, Wu R, Yin C, Li J, Xie Y, Hu S, Wang Q. Genome-Wide Association Study-Based Identification of SNPs and Haplotypes Associated With Goose Reproductive Performance and Egg Quality. Front Genet 2021; 12:602583. [PMID: 33777090 PMCID: PMC7994508 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.602583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Geese are one of the most economically important waterfowl. However, the low reproductive performance and egg quality of geese hinder the development of the goose industry. The identification and application of genetic markers may improve the accuracy of beneficial trait selection. To identify the genetic markers associated with goose reproductive performance and egg quality traits, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for body weight at birth (BBW), the number of eggs at 48 weeks of age (EN48), the number of eggs at 60 weeks of age (EN60) and egg yolk color (EYC). The GWAS acquired 2.896 Tb of raw sequencing data with an average depth of 12.44× and identified 9,279,339 SNPs. The results of GWAS showed that 26 SNPs were significantly associated with BBW, EN48, EN60, and EYC. Moreover, five of these SNPs significantly associated with EN48 and EN60 were in a haplotype block on chromosome 35 from 4,512,855 to 4,541,709 bp, oriented to TMEM161A and another five SNPs significantly correlated to EYC were constructed in haplotype block on chromosome 5 from 21,069,009 to 21,363,580, which annotated by TMEM161A, CALCR, TFPI2, and GLP1R. Those genes were enriched in epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity, regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway. The SNPs, haplotype markers, and candidate genes identified in this study can be used to improve the accuracy of marker-assisted selection for the reproductive performance and egg quality traits of geese. In addition, the candidate genes significantly associated with these traits may provide a foundation for better understanding the mechanisms underlying reproduction and egg quality in geese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Gao
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianzhi Zhao
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Keshan Zhang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhui Yin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing, China
| | - Youhui Xie
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing, China
| | - Silu Hu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Wang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Y, Ren X, Yu H, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Xie Y. Non-destructive and online egg freshness assessment from the egg shell based on Raman spectroscopy. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
15
|
Javůrková VG, Pokorná M, Mikšík I, Tůmová E. Concentration of egg white antimicrobial and immunomodulatory proteins is related to eggshell pigmentation across traditional chicken breeds. Poult Sci 2019; 98:6931-6941. [PMID: 31420680 PMCID: PMC8913977 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Gvoždíková Javůrková
- Department of Animal Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague – Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author
| | - Monika Pokorná
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Mikšík
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tůmová
- Department of Animal Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dunn IC, Woolliams JA, Wilson PW, Icken W, Cavero D, Jones AC, Quinlan-Pluck F, Williams GOS, Olori V, Bain MM. Genetic variation and potential for genetic improvement of cuticle deposition on chicken eggs. Genet Sel Evol 2019; 51:25. [PMID: 31164080 PMCID: PMC6549311 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-019-0467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cuticle is an invisible glycosylated protein layer that covers the outside of the eggshell and forms a barrier to the transmission of microorganisms. Cuticle-specific staining and in situ absorbance measurements have been used to quantify cuticle deposition in several pure breeds of chicken. For brown eggs, a pre-stain and a post-stain absorbance measurement is required to correct for intrinsic absorption by the natural pigment. For white eggs, a post-stain absorbance measurement alone is sufficient to estimate cuticle deposition. The objective of the research was to estimate genetic parameters and provide data to promote adoption of the technique to increase cuticle deposition and reduce vertical transmission of microorganisms. Results For all pure breeds examined here, i.e. Rhode Island Red, two White Leghorns, White Rock and a broiler breed, the estimate of heritability for cuticle deposition from a meta-analysis was moderately high (0.38 ± 0.04). In the Rhode Island Red breed, the estimate of the genetic correlation between measurements recorded at early and late times during the egg-laying period was ~ 1. There was no negative genetic correlation between cuticle deposition and production traits. Estimates of the genetic correlation of cuticle deposition with shell color ranged from negative values or 0 in brown-egg layers to positive values in white- or tinted-egg layers. Using the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan in the cuticle proteins to quantify the amount of cuticle deposition failed because of complex quenching processes. Tryptophan fluorescence intensity at 330 nm was moderately heritable, but there was no evidence of a non-zero genetic correlation with cuticle deposition. This was complicated furthermore by a negative genetic correlation of fluorescence with color in brown eggs, due to the quenching of tryptophan fluorescence by energy transfer to protoporphyrin pigment. We also confirmed that removal of the cuticle increased reflection of ultraviolet wavelengths from the egg. Conclusions These results provide additional evidence for the need to incorporate cuticle deposition into breeding programs of egg- and meat-type birds in order to reduce vertical and horizontal transmission of potentially pathogenic organisms and to help improve biosecurity in poultry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12711-019-0467-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Dunn
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK.
| | - John A Woolliams
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Peter W Wilson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Anita C Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Fiona Quinlan-Pluck
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Gareth O S Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Maureen M Bain
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), IBAHCM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jackson D, Thompson JE, Hemmings N, Birkhead TR. Common guillemot ( Uria aalge) eggs are not self-cleaning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.188466. [PMID: 30322981 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.188466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Birds are arguably the most evolutionarily successful extant vertebrate taxon, in part because of their ability to reproduce in virtually all terrestrial habitats. Common guillemots, Uria aalge, incubate their single egg in an unusual and harsh environment; on exposed cliff ledges, without a nest, and in close proximity to conspecifics. As a consequence, the surface of guillemot eggshells is frequently contaminated with faeces, dirt, water and other detritus, which may impede gas exchange or facilitate microbial infection of the developing embryo. Despite this, guillemot chicks survive incubation and hatch from eggs heavily covered with debris. To establish how guillemot eggs cope with external debris, we tested three hypotheses: (1) contamination by debris does not reduce gas exchange efficacy of the eggshell to a degree that may impede normal embryo development; (2) the guillemot eggshell surface is self-cleaning; (3) shell accessory material (SAM) prevents debris from blocking pores, allowing relatively unrestricted gas diffusion across the eggshell. We showed that natural debris reduces the conductance of gases across the guillemot eggshell by blocking gas exchange pores. Despite this problem, we found no evidence that guillemot eggshells are self-cleaning, but instead showed that the presence of SAM on the eggshell surface largely prevents pore blockages from occurring. Our results demonstrate that SAM is a crucial feature of the eggshell surface in a species with eggs that are frequently in contact with debris, acting to minimise pore blockages and thus ensure a sufficient rate of gas diffusion for embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Jackson
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jamie E Thompson
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nicola Hemmings
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Timothy R Birkhead
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Campbell DLM, Lee C, Hinch GN, Roberts JR. Egg production and egg quality in free-range laying hens housed at different outdoor stocking densities. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3128-3137. [PMID: 28431098 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-range laying hen systems are increasing in number within Australia. Variation in outdoor stocking densities has led to development of a national information standard on free-range egg labeling, including setting a maximum density of 10,000 hens per hectare. However, there are few data on the impacts of differing outdoor densities on production and egg quality. ISA Brown hens in small (150 hens) flocks were housed in identical indoor pens, each with access (from 21 weeks) to different sized ranges simulating one of three outdoor stocking densities (2 replicates each: 2,000 hens/hectare (ha), 10,000 hens/ha, 20,000 hens/ha). Hen-day production was tracked from 21 through 35 weeks with eggs visually graded daily for external deformities. All eggs laid on one day were weighed each week. Eggs were collected from each pen at 25, 30, and 36 weeks and analyzed for egg quality. There were no effects of outdoor stocking density on average hen-day percentage production (P = 0.67), egg weight (P = 0.09), percentages of deformed eggs (P = 0.30), shell reflectivity (P = 0.74), shell breaking strength (P = 0.07), shell deformation (P = 0.83), or shell thickness (P = 0.24). Eggs from hens in the highest density had the highest percentage shell weight (P = 0.004) and eggs from the lowest density had the highest yolk color score (P < 0.001). The amount of cuticle present did not differ between densities (P = 0.95) but some aspects of shell colors (P ≤ 0.01) and location of protoporphyrin IX (P = 0.046) varied. Hen age affected the majority of measurements. Stocking density differences may be related to hen diet as previous radio-frequency identification tracking of individual hens in these flocks showed birds used the range for longer in the lowest density and the least in the highest density, including depleting the range of vegetation sooner in the smaller ranges. An additional study assessing the relationship between individual hen range use, nutrition, and egg quality is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L M Campbell
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia; CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia.
| | - C Lee
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - G N Hinch
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - J R Roberts
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Li Y, Liu S, Tang Y, Mo B, Liao H. New zonal structure and transition of the membrane to mammillae in the eggshell of chicken Gallus domesticus. J Struct Biol 2018; 203:162-169. [PMID: 29715524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Avian eggshell is a typical bio-engineered ceramics characterized by layer structures. These layers are categorized mainly by the form of crystalline calcite. Whether there exist other layer structures, how the membrane layer is transformed to the carbonate one, what form the carbonate takes after the transition. These questions remain to be clarified. Here we examine the eggshell of chicken Gallus domesticus by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. We find that there exists another layer structure defined by variation of organic matrices. The transition from the membrane to the mammillary cones is implemented through the calcium reserve assemblies or the mammillary cores. The integrity of the transitional structure was weakens as the reserved calcium is displaced, and loses completely in about 10 days of incubation. As the first deposited carbonate layer after the transition, the mammillary cones comprise amorphous calcium carbonate and clusters/assemblies of calcite crystallites the size about a nanometer, plus bubble pores extending preferentially in the lateral direction. Our results provide new insights into the structure and component of the avian eggshell, and may help decipher the constitution of the bio-ceramics in the perspective of material science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guanshanhu District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China; Guiyang No.1 High School, 1 Xingzhu East Road, Guanshanhu District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Center of Lunar and Planetary Study, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guanshanhu District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guanshanhu District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
| | - Yang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guanshanhu District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
| | - Bing Mo
- Center of Lunar and Planetary Study, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guanshanhu District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Guiyang No.1 High School, 1 Xingzhu East Road, Guanshanhu District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
| |
Collapse
|