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Wealleans AL, Ashour RA, Abu Ishmais MA, Al-Amaireh S, Gonzalez-Sanchez D. Comparative effects of proteases on performance, carcass traits and gut structure of broilers fed diets reduced in protein and amino acids. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:457-470. [PMID: 38975585 PMCID: PMC11222113 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing different protease enzymes on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and selected carcass traits in broilers fed diets reduced 3.5% in crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA). One thousand one-day-old Ross 308 broilers (41 g) were assigned to five dietary treatments with ten replicates of 20 birds each: a positive control (PC) diet formulated to meet Ross 308 AA requirements, a negative control (NC) diet reformulated to provide 3.5% lower CP and AA compared to PC, NC supplemented with a multi-protease (PR1) solution, containing 3 different coated proteases produced from Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, NC supplemented with a serine protease (PR2) produced from Bacillus licheniformis, and NC supplemented with an alkaline protease (PR3) produced from Bacillus licheniformis. At slaughter, 40 birds per treatment were used to assess the effect of the different treatments on carcass traits. At 32 days, samples of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of 10 birds per treatment were collected for intestinal morphology evaluation. Birds fed PC and NC supplemented with multi-protease exhibited better (p < 0.05) feed efficiency compared to NC and NC supplemented with all the other protease enzymes. Multi-protease supplementation was linked to the highest (p < 0.05) carcass weight and yield. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments in all gut segments, with PC, PR1, PR2, and PR3 exhibiting longer villi height (VH) compared to NC. This study demonstrates that 3.5% reduction of CP and AA negatively affected for the overall period feed efficiency, carcass yield, and intestinal morphology. The supplementation of the multi-protease restored feed efficiency and improved carcass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Majdi A. Abu Ishmais
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Sadiq Al-Amaireh
- Suliman Al-Amaireh & Partners Co., Tabarbor 11731, Amman, Jordan
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Xu M, Zhao X, Yu M, Wang G, Feng J, Zhang M. The amino acid pattern and dynamics of body protein, body fat deposition in male and female broilers under different temperatures. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103525. [PMID: 38394866 PMCID: PMC10906514 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted 1) to investigate the effects of gender and temperature on growth performance in broiler chickens and 2) to establish body protein and fat deposition curves and amino acid patterns for broilers of both genders at different ambient temperatures. A total of 432 1-day-old (d) Arbor Acres chickens with a male/female ratio of 1:1 were randomly divided into the following 4 treatment groups: the male thermoneutral group, the female thermoneutral group, the male heat stress group, and the female heat stress group. The chickens in the thermoneutral groups were kept at a comfortable temperature from 1 to 42 d, while chickens in the heat stress groups were kept at a comfortable temperature from 1 to 28 d and at a high ambient temperature from d 29 to 42. The body composition retention data were obtained by comparative slaughter method, and the models were constructed by the Gompertz model. The results revealed significant variation in body protein content (BPC) and body fat deposition efficiency (BFE) between both genders and the 2 temperatures. Moreover, a noteworthy interaction between gender and temperature was observed in terms of the BPC and protein deposition efficiency (BPE). The following equations for body protein and body fat deposition in the thermoneutral groups were obtained: Body protein weight of male broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body protein weight of female broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body fat weight of male broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body fat weight of female broilers: [Formula: see text] . Where t means age (d). The following equations for body protein and body fat deposition in the heat stress groups were obtained: Body protein weight of male broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body protein weight of female broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body fat weight of male broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body fat weight of female broilers: [Formula: see text] . Where t means age (d). In addition, no significant difference in amino acid content was found between different genders and temperatures. The amino acid pattern could be divided into 2 stages: 0 to 14 d and 15 to 42 d. Our equations and patterns enable a deeper understanding of the nutritional requirements in broiler chickens under various temperature conditions. This enables researchers to develop more accurate feeding programs to fulfill the growth and health requirements of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Xu
- State key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guangju Wang
- State key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jinghai Feng
- State key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- State key laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Maina AN, Schulze H, Kiarie EG. Response of broiler breeder pullets when fed hydrolyzed whole yeast from placement to 22 wk of age. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103383. [PMID: 38176370 PMCID: PMC10806125 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The study examined the effects of feeding broiler breeder pullets hydrolyzed whole yeast (HY) from hatch to 22 wk of age (WOA). A total of 524-day-old Ross 708 pullets were placed in floor pens (∼24 birds/pen) for the starter (0-4 WOA) and grower (5-18 WOA) phases, then transferred to the egg production facility and redistributed to ∼20 birds/pen for the prelay phase (19-22 WOA). Two diets were allocated to pens (0-18 WOA; n = 11) and (19-22 WOA; n-12). The diets were a control corn and soybean meal diet formulated to meet specifications and control plus 0.05% HY (HY). Birds had ad libitum access to feed in the first week and daily feed allocation based on pen BW from 2 WOA. Birds had free access to water throughout the trial. Body weight (BW) and uniformity (BW CV) were monitored. Boosters for infectious bronchitis and New Castle disease vaccines were administered at 18 WOA, and samples of pullets bled for antibody titer 5-day later. One pullet/pen was randomly selected, weighed, bled for plasma biochemistry, and necropsied for organ weights, ceca digesta for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and leg bones morphometry. In the starter and grower phases, birds fed HY were lighter and gained less (P < 0.05) than control birds. However, there were no diet effects (P > 0.05) on growth, the BW prelay phase, or BW uniformity throughout the trial. There were no (P > 0.05) diet effects on breast, gastrointestinal, liver and bursa weights, serum antibody titers, plasma biochemistry, SCFA and bone attributes. However, pullets fed HY had heavier (P = 0.047) spleen and tended to have lower (P = 0.080) plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) relative to control pullets. In conclusion, the parameters assessed showed no negative consequences of feeding HY to broiler breeder pullets. However, effects on the spleen and plasma AST may indicate modest modulation of immunity and metabolism. The impact of the provision of HY during broiler breeder pullet phase on reproductive performance and chick quality should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson N Maina
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Feitosa VEM, Silva CM, Ribeiro Júnior V, Oliveira CJPDE, Vargas Júnior JGDE, Barros Neto APDE, Albino LFT, Brito CO. Energy levels and lysine, calcium and phosphorus adjustments on broiler nutrient digestibility and performance. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20191391. [PMID: 37729298 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320191391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken broilers digestibility and performance fed with different ME levels, with and without adjustments of digestible lysine, calcium, and available phosphorus, were evaluated. For digestibility, 210 male Cobb 500 chicken broilers were used and distributed into a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement, with three ME levels (3050; 3125 and 3200 kcal/kg) with and without nutrient adjustment, plus one control treatment (2975 kcal ME/kg), totaling seven treatments including six repetitions with five birds into each repetition. For initial performance, 1120 birds were distributed randomly with eight replications within treatments and 20 birds for each replication. For final performance, 1008 chickens were distributed with eight replications and 18 birds for each replication. The DCDM and DCCP were improved (P<0.05) according to the increase of ME and the adjustment in dietary nutrients, as well as GE digestibility. The final performance showed no interaction (P>0.05) between energy and nutrient adjustment, but the increase in energy levels improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR=1.370). Increasing energy density with nutrient adjustment improves both nutrient utilization and bird performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Emanuel M Feitosa
- Federal University of Sergipe, Animal Science Department, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Camilla M Silva
- Federal University of Sergipe, Animal Science Department, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Valdir Ribeiro Júnior
- Federal University of Sergipe, Animal Science Department, Rodovia Engenheiro Jorge Neto, Km 03, Silos, 49680000 Nossa Senhora da Glória, SE, Brazil
| | - Claudio Jose P DE Oliveira
- Federal University of Sergipe, Animal Science Department, Rodovia Engenheiro Jorge Neto, Km 03, Silos, 49680000 Nossa Senhora da Glória, SE, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo DE Vargas Júnior
- Federal University of Espirito Santo, Animal Science Department, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Antônio P DE Barros Neto
- Federal University of Sergipe, Animal Science Department, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando T Albino
- Federal University of Viçosa, Animal Science Department, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudson O Brito
- Federal University of Sergipe, Animal Science Department, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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Low-protein diets for broilers: Current knowledge and potential strategies to improve performance and health, and to reduce environmental impact. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Ebbing MA, Yacoubi N, Naranjo V, Sitzmann W, Gierus M. Influence of Expander Conditioning Prior to Pelleting on Pellet Quality, Broiler Digestibility and Performance at Constant Amino Acids Composition while Decreasing AME N. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223126. [PMID: 36428353 PMCID: PMC9686467 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical pellet quality and AMEN concentration are strongly related to each other in broiler feeding. A study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dietary AMEN concentration and feed processing on pellet quality, nutrient digestibility, broiler performance, serum markers, and yield of commercial cuts. Six diets were formulated. The first diet had the recommended AMEN concentration, each further diet was calculated with 40 kcal/kg less, from 0 to −200 kcal/kg, resulting in six levels for each feed phase: starter (1−14 d), grower (15−28 d), and finisher (29−35 d). These diets were processed with and without expander conditioning prior to pelleting, using an average corn particle size of 1.6 mm, ground with a roller mill. A total of 1008 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were placed in a 6 × 2 (6 energy levels and 2 conditionings) factorial trial with six boxes as replications, with three in each broiler performance trial period. Excreta were collected 2 days before the end of each feed phase for apparent total tract digestibility measurement. On day 36, four broilers from each replication (pen) were weighed and then euthanized for blood collection, following which the gastrointestinal organs were weighed, and the ileal and gizzard contents were collected. On day 37, all remaining broilers were slaughtered after fasting to measure commercial cuts and abdominal fat. The results show that the pellet durability index (PDI) was most affected by energy reducing and expander conditioning prior to pelleting, and it was better when diets had energy reduced by 40 to 200 kcal/kg (p > 0.001), as when expander conditioning was used. Digestibility of nutrients was slightly affected by treatments, as was the broiler performance; however, feed efficiency was improved in broiler-fed diets without AMEN reduction and when an expander was used, with p = 0.050 and p = 0.031, respectively. No effects were observed on the weight of gastrointestinal tract organs and serum markers, except for liver (p = 0.037) and α-amylase (p = 0.047). The lowest liver weight and lowest serum protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, gamma-glutamyl, and lipase concentrations were obtained when diets were formulated without energy reduction (Ross-0). There was no effect on commercial cuts relative to live weight at slaughter. The energy reduction was well reflected in the proportion of abdominal fat, which decreased when AMEN was reduced (p = 0.001). The present study shows it is possible to use diets with up to 200 kcal/kg reduction in AMEN without losses in performance, and the use of expander conditioning prior to pelleting promotes higher pellet quality and broiler feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antônio Ebbing
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products and Nutrition Physiology (TTE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadia Yacoubi
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, D-63457 Hanau, Germany
| | - Victor Naranjo
- Evonik Guatemala S.A., 18 Calle 24-69, Edificio Zona Pradera, Torre 4, Oficina 810, Guatemala City 01010, Guatemala
| | - Werner Sitzmann
- Amandus Kahl GmbH & Co. KG, Dieselstrasse 5, D-21465 Reinbek, Germany
| | - Martin Gierus
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products and Nutrition Physiology (TTE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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7
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Effects of Protein Source, Whole Wheat and Butyric Acid on Live Performance, Gut Health and Amino Acid Digestibility in Broiler Chickens. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100989. [PMID: 36295891 PMCID: PMC9611649 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 896 1-day-old straight-run (Ross-308) broilers were used to investigate the interactive effects of protein source (PS), diet structure (DS) and butyric acid (BA) on live performance and carcass characteristics, gut development and its morphology and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of protein and amino acids (AA). Eight experimental diets comprising 8 replicates with 14 birds each were tested in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with complete randomized design by two levels of BA (0 and 0.1%), two forms of DS (whole vs. ground wheat) and two PS, i.e., soybean meal and canola meal (SBM vs. CM). Throughout the entire experimental period (0 to 35 d), broilers fed SBM-based diets exhibited better (p < 0.05) growth performance (feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)), carcass parameters (p < 0.05), gut health (p < 0.05), and nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05) than CM-fed broilers. Dietary whole wheat (WW) positively affected FI (p = 0.001), BWG (p = 0.004) and FCR (p = 0.035) during the overall experimental period. Broilers fed WW had 6, 5, 8, 11 and 10% lower empty relative weights of crop, proventriculus, jejunum, ileum and colon and 25 and 15% heavier gizzard and pancreas, respectively, with longer villus height (p < 0.001), reduced crypt depth (p = 0.031) and longer villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (p < 0.001) than those fed ground-wheat-based diets. Broilers fed WW had greater (p < 0.05) AID of CP and most of the AA. Butyric acid supplementation resulted in improved (p < 0.05) growth performance and digestibility of threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, serine and aspartate. The broilers consuming SBM had 28% lower abdominal fat than those fed CM-based diets. In conclusion, harmful consequences of a less digestible PS can partially be compensated by the inclusion of WW, and supplementation of BA further reduces these detrimental effects.
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Elling-Staats M, Gilbert M, Smidt H, Kwakkel R. Caecal protein fermentation in broilers: a review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2003170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Elling-Staats
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M.S. Gilbert
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R.P. Kwakkel
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Review: Physiological growth trend of current meat broilers and dietary protein and energy management approaches for sustainable broiler production. Animal 2021; 15 Suppl 1:100284. [PMID: 34246596 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The food production system needs to be sustainable including poultry sector to feed the increasing global population. An accepted economical and environmental approach of broiler production is to produce larger broilers faster while using less feed. Broiler production is aimed at producing consumable meat and meat products. The global broiler meat market has evolved over the years with increasing selection pressure shifted toward attaining yield characteristics for increased cut-up parts such as breast and thighs. There is a shift toward a big bird market in the U.S. with approximately 70% of the broiler meat produced from large birds (>2.72 kg). Genetic selection of broilers for quantitative traits such as growth rate and lean muscle mass without increasing the fat mass has altered broiler physiological homeostasis to adapt toward the larger rates of muscle protein turnover. Physiological stresses created due to selection pressures in broilers have produced several muscle myopathies including an emerging one called woody breast myopathy. The sustainable broiler production practice may require humane consideration of raising broilers in less stressful grow-out regimes that will have minimal impact on broiler metabolic health. Another sustainability approach of broiler production toward feed efficiency lies on understanding dietary formulation approach of amino acids and energy that promote optimal nutrient utilization and minimal nutrient output to environment while also fulfilling the growth demands and body composition changes associated with increased protein gain in current meat broilers brought by the genetic progress.
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Alhotan RA. Commercial poultry feed formulation: current status, challenges, and future expectations. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1891400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tran DH, Schonewille JT, Pukkung C, Khempaka S. Growth performance and accretion of selected amino acids in response to three levels of dietary lysine fed to fast- and slow-growing broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100998. [PMID: 33610901 PMCID: PMC7905463 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature data indicate that feed intake is sensitive to the dietary Lys content particularly in fast-growing birds. From a conceptual and a practical viewpoint, an interaction between genotype (i.e., fast-growing vs. slow-growing birds) and dietary Lys content is of interest, but it needs confirmation owing to a dearth of studies addressing this issue. A study was conducted with 266 Cobb 500 birds and 266 Thai native crossbreed birds serving as models for fast-growing broilers (FGB) and slow-growing broilers (SGB), respectively. Within genotype, chicks were randomly allocated to diets containing either a high (H-LYS = 1.36%), medium (1.17%), or low Lys (1.01%) content. Growth performance and the accretion of protein and selected amino acids were determined in birds from 1 to 21 d of age. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design with 6 replications/treatment. Low Lys vs. H-LYS caused a 42.1% lower feed intake in FGB (P < 0.001), but not in SGB (P = 0.596). The feed conversion ratio (FCR (g feed/g BW gain)) was lowest in FGB (P < 0.001) and increased with decreasing dietary Lys contents (P < 0.001). The Lys induced increase in FCR, however, was more pronounced in SGB (P = 0.025). The absolute protein gain (g/bird) was influenced by the Lys content of feed and decreased by ∼54% and ∼23% in FGB and SGB, respectively (P < 0.001). The efficiency (% of intake) of protein accretion was found to be greater in FGB (P ≤ 0.001) and decreased with decreasing dietary Lys (P ≤ 0.001). The efficiency of Lys accretion was found to be negatively affected by the dietary Lys content in FGB (P < 0.001) but not SGB (Pgenotype × dietary Lys = 0.008). It can be concluded that a dietary Lys content of 1.01% does not safeguard both growth performance and body protein accretion efficiency in both FGB and SGB. The suboptimal growth performance in FGB, but not SGB, is partially counteracted by a Lys-induced reduction in feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Tran
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - J Th Schonewille
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Pukkung
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - S Khempaka
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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Maharjan P, Mullenix G, Hilton K, Caldas J, Beitia A, Weil J, Suesuttajit N, Kalinowski A, Yacoubi N, Naranjo V, England J, Coon C. Effect of digestible amino acids to energy ratios on performance and yield of two broiler lines housed in different grow-out environmental temperatures. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6884-6898. [PMID: 33248604 PMCID: PMC7704956 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two broiler lines, Line A and Line B, were fed experimental diets from 22 to 42 d with objectives to determine effects of digestible amino acids (AA) to metabolizable energy ratios on feed intake (FI), performance, and processing yield. Experimental diets were formulated to 3,150 kcal/kg with 5 levels of digestible lysine (dLys)—80, 90, 100, 110, and 120% of recommended AA level giving g dLys/Mcal values of 2.53, 2.85, 3.17, 3.48, and 3.80, respectively. All other AA were formulated to a fixed ratio to dLys. A total of 4,050 chicks were utilized in each trial (9 replicate pens for each AA level and each line; 45 chicks/pen) conducted twice: one in hot environmental temperature (HT) (24 h mean ∼85.3 °F; 80.9% RH) and another in cool environmental temperature (CT) (24 h mean ∼71.6 °F; 61.7% RH). Results showed that FI was not impacted by dietary AA levels in HT for both lines. Higher FI (P < 0.05) was observed in CT for lower dietary AA levels (<100% AA level) for both lines, with overall higher FI occurring in Line B. Higher FI for Line B was also accompanied by higher body weight in HT and CT. Treatment diets had quadratic effects on average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and processing yields (breasts and tenders) in both HT and CT, with broilers in CT performing better (P < 0.05). The optimal response values for ADG in HT and CT were 89.72 g and 113.44 g occurring at 120 and 109.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for FCR in HT and CT were 1.79 and 1.58 occurring at 120 and 117.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for breast meat yield in HT and CT were 575.9 g and 776.5 g occurring at 112.6 and 114.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for tender meat yield in HT and CT were 119.8 g and 154.9 g occurring at 120 and 115% AA level, respectively. Line A had a higher breast and tender yield % (of live weight) for both environmental temperatures which correlated to body composition data with higher % protein mass and % digestible AA retention. In this study, findings indicated that effects of increased digestible AA density on FI, performance, and processing yield are specific to strain and grow-out temperature, but the optimum response was attained for both lines with diets containing 110 to 120% AA levels (3.48–3.80 g dLys/Mcal) during the 22 to 42 d finisher period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramir Maharjan
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Garret Mullenix
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Katie Hilton
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | | | - Antonio Beitia
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Jordan Weil
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Nawin Suesuttajit
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | | | | | - Victor Naranjo
- Evonik Guatemala S.A., Edificio Punto Diez, Oficina 3D, Cidade da Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Judy England
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Craig Coon
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
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Cartoni Mancinelli A, Mattioli S, Dal Bosco A, Aliberti A, Guarino Amato M, Castellini C. Performance, Behavior, and Welfare Status of Six Different Organically Reared Poultry Genotypes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040550. [PMID: 32218195 PMCID: PMC7222370 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In alterative rearing systems, the use of outdoor space has a crucial role. It is well known that only some commercial poultry genotypes are suitable to be reared in these systems. It is necessary to find a balance between productive performance and adaptability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, behavior, and welfare status of six poultry genotypes reared in an organic system. One hundred males/genotype (Hubbard RedJA (A), CY5XJA87 (CY), M22XJA87 (M), Ranger Classic (R1), Ranger Gold (R2), and Rowan Ranger (R3)) were reared from 1 to 81 days of age. The number of culled birds was recorded daily, whereas live weight and feed consumption were recorded weekly. Behavior evaluation was undertaken through a computerized system one week before slaughtering; the breast yield and muscle/bone ratio of the drumstick was also evaluated in refrigerated carcasses. The results showed that A and R3 had good adaptability, showing active behaviors and satisfactory productive performance 3083.6 g and 3022.1 g, respectively. Although CY and M achieved the best productive performance, they did not appear adapted to the organic system due to a higher frequency of static behaviors (rest and roost), mortality, footpad dermatitis, breast blisters, and poor feather condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Andrea Aliberti
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Monica Guarino Amato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Livestock Production and Aquaculture, Via Salaria 31, 00015 Roma, Italy;
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.C.)
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