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Gossard DJ. Syncopation and synchrony: Phenological dynamics of Pyropia nereocystis (Bangiophyceae) in central California. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:710-723. [PMID: 38551084 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Pyropia nereocystis is an annual northeastern Pacific-bladed bangialean species whose macroscopic stage epiphytized the annual canopy forming bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana. I examined three in situ facets of these epiphyte-host dynamics in the central California region: (1) spatial and temporal variation in the presence of P. nereocystis epiphytes as a function of host density, (2) the relationship between individual host morphology and epiphytic P. nereocystis biomass, and (3) the ecophysiological growth ramifications for subtidal transplants of both life stages of P. nereocystis. Swath canopy surveys and whole host collections were conducted at five sites between November 2017 and February 2019. Additionally, transplants of P. nereocystis gametophytes and sporophytes were conducted across multiple subtidal depths. I observed temporal changes in the proportions of hosts epiphytized by P. nereocystis, with differences in seasonal persistence of P. nereocystis among sites and between years. Biomass of P. nereocystis was positively correlated with individual host stipe length, stipe surface area, and the primary principal component (PC) of stipe morphometrics denoted by principal component analysis (PCA). Gametogenesis in P. nereocystis epiphytes was spatially heterogeneous and limited for the 2018-2019 cohort due to comprehensive removal of hosts by the February 2019 sampling period. Transplants of P. nereocystis gametophytes yielded similar growth responses among depths, and sporophyte (conchocelis) transplant areal growth was positively correlated with transplant depth. These findings detail spatiotemporal complexity and multi-scale (individual, site, and whole region) phenological nuances for central Californian P. nereocystis epiphytes.
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Färber C, Wisshak M, Pyko I, Bellou N, Freiwald A. Effects of water depth, seasonal exposure, and substrate orientation on microbial bioerosion in the Ionian Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126495. [PMID: 25893244 PMCID: PMC4404344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of water depth, seasonal exposure, and substrate orientation on microbioerosion were studied by means of a settlement experiment deployed in 15, 50, 100, and 250 m water depth south-west of the Peloponnese Peninsula (Greece). At each depth, an experimental platform was exposed for a summer period, a winter period, and about an entire year. On the up- and down-facing side of each platform, substrates were fixed to document the succession of bioerosion traces, and to measure variations in bioerosion and accretion rates. In total, 29 different bioerosion traces were recorded revealing a dominance of microborings produced by phototrophic and organotrophic microendoliths, complemented by few macroborings, attachment scars, and grazing traces. The highest bioerosion activity was recorded in 15 m up-facing substrates in the shallow euphotic zone, largely driven by phototrophic cyanobacteria. Towards the chlorophyte-dominated deep euphotic to dysphotic zones and the organotroph-dominated aphotic zone the intensity of bioerosion and the diversity of bioerosion traces strongly decreased. During summer the activity of phototrophs was higher than during winter, which was likely stimulated by enhanced light availability due to more hours of daylight and increased irradiance angles. Stable water column stratification and a resulting nutrient depletion in shallow water led to lower turbidity levels and caused a shift in the photic zonation that was reflected by more phototrophs being active at greater depth. With respect to the subordinate bioerosion activity of organotrophs, fluctuations in temperature and the trophic regime were assumed to be the main seasonal controls. The observed patterns in overall bioeroder distribution and abundance were mirrored by the calculated carbonate budget with bioerosion rates exceeding carbonate accretion rates in shallow water and distinctly higher bioerosion rates at all depths during summer. These findings highlight the relevance of bioerosion and accretion for the carbonate budget of the Ionian Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Färber
- Senckenberg am Meer, Abteilung Meeresforschung, Südstrand 40, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Max Wisshak
- Senckenberg am Meer, Abteilung Meeresforschung, Südstrand 40, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Ines Pyko
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Fachgruppe Paläoumwelt, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstraße 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikoleta Bellou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athens Sounio, 19003 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - André Freiwald
- Senckenberg am Meer, Abteilung Meeresforschung, Südstrand 40, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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Wisshak M, Tribollet A, Golubic S, Jakobsen J, Freiwald A. Temperate bioerosion: ichnodiversity and biodiversity from intertidal to bathyal depths (Azores). GEOBIOLOGY 2011; 9:492-520. [PMID: 21992504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the temperate Azores carbonate factory, a substantial fraction of the calcareous skeletal components is recycled by a remarkable biodiversity of biota producing bioerosion traces (incipient trace fossils). To study this biodiversity, experimental carbonate substrates were exposed to colonisation by epilithic and endolithic organisms along a bathymetrical gradient from 0 to 500 m depth, during 1 and 2 years of exposure. The overall bioerosion ichnodiversity is very high and comprises 56 ichnotaxa and ichnoforms attributed to cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, fungi, other micro-chemotrophs, macroborers, grazers and epilithic attachment scars. In the intertidal, hydrodynamic force, partial emersion and strong temperature fluctuations lead to the lowest ichnospecies richness. This contrasts with the highest ichnodiversity found at 15 m under the most favourable environmental conditions. Towards aphotic depths, a gradual depletion in ichnodiversity is observed, most probably because of the restricted light availability and a slowdown in ichnocoenosis development. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM), in combination with non-metrical multidimensional scaling (NMDS), was used to highlight variability in the relative abundance of traces among depths, substrate orientations and exposure times. Ichnodiversity and abundance of traces decrease significantly with depth and are higher on up-facing versus down-facing substrates, whereas differences between years were not as pronounced. This study demonstrates that statistical methods of biodiversity analysis are not per se restricted to biotaxa but may well be applied also to ichnotaxa. In the analysis of trace fossil assemblages, this approach supports the recognition of diversity patterns and their relation to environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wisshak
- Senckenberg am Meer, Abteilung Meeresforschung, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
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Lin R, Stekoll MS. PHYCOBILIN CONTENT OF THE CONCHOCELIS PHASE OF ALASKAN PORPHYRA (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA) SPECIES: RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:208-214. [PMID: 27021725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Variations of pigment content in the microscopic conchocelis stage of four Alaskan Porphyra species were investigated in response to environmental variables. Conchocelis filaments were cultured under varying conditions of irradiance and nutrient concentrations for up to 60 d at 11°C and 30 psu salinity. Results indicate that conchocelis filaments contain relatively high concentrations of phycobilins under optimal culture conditions. Phycobilin pigment production was significantly affected by irradiance, nutrient concentration, and culture duration. For Porphyra abbottiae V. Krishnam., Porphyra sp., and Porphyra torta V. Krishnam., maximal phycoerythrin (63.2-95.1 mg · g dwt(-1) ) and phycocyanin (28.8-64.8 mg · g dwt(-1) ) content generally occurred at 10 μmol photons · m(-2) · s(-1) , f/4-f/2 nutrient concentration after 10-20 d of culture. Whereas for Porphyra hiberna S. C. Lindstrom et K. M. Cole, the highest phycoerythrin (73.3 mg · g dwt(-1) ) and phycocyanin (70.2 mg · g dwt(-1) ) content occurred at 10 μmol photons · m(-2) · s(-1) , f nutrient concentration after 60 d in culture. Under similar conditions, the different species showed significant differences in pigment content. P. abbottiae had higher phycoerythrin content than the other three species, and P. hiberna had the highest phycocyanin content. P. torta had the lowest phycobilin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaDepartment of Natural Sciences, University of Alaska Southeast, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA Juneau Center School of Fisheries and Ocean Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA
| | - Michael S Stekoll
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaDepartment of Natural Sciences, University of Alaska Southeast, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA Juneau Center School of Fisheries and Ocean Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA
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Glaub I. Recent and sub-recent microborings from the upwelling area off Mauritania (West Africa) and their implications for palaeoecology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.228.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLate Quaternary dead molluscan shells off Mauritania (West Africa) from the intertidal zone to 220–300 m water depth were studied for microborings. The study gives preliminary data on microborings in upwelling areas and their implications for the fossil record. In total 18 ichnotaxa are described. They are considered to be produced by cyanobacteria, green algae, red algae, fungi and foraminifera. The ichnotaxonomic composition shows minor differences relative to tropical/subtropical areas of investigation. No ichnotaxa are believed to be specific to upwelling areas. Bathymetrical distribution patterns revealed different depth ranges for individual ichnotaxa. Relative to areas with similar latitude but not influenced by upwelling, the absolute depth of the photic zone is shallower. The majority of ichnotaxa observed are already known from the fossil record (tropical and subtropical study areas) and should also be expected from ancient upwelling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Glaub
- Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut
Senckenberganlage 32-34, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kidwell SM, Bosence DWJ. Taphonomy and Time-Averaging of Marine Shelly Faunas. TOPICS IN GEOBIOLOGY 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5034-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Green JW, Knoll AH, Swett K. Microfossils from oolites and pisolites of the Upper Proterozoic Eleonore Bay Group, Central East Greenland. JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY 1988; 62:835-852. [PMID: 11538471 DOI: 10.1017/s0022336000030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Silicified oolites and pisolites from Bed 18 of the Upper Proterozoic (about 700-800 Ma) Limestone-Dolomite "Series" of the Eleonore Bay Group, central East Greenland, contain a diverse suite of organically preserved microfossils that is, for the most part. [Of the] assemblages previously described from Proterozoic cherts and shales. Three principal assemblages occur in these rocks: 1) a class bound assemblage found in detrital carbonate grains (now silicified) that served as nuclei for ooid and pisoid growth, as well as in uncoated mud and mat clasts that were carried into the zone of ooid and pisoid deposition; 2) an epilithic and interstitial assemblage consisting of microorganisms that occurred on top of and between grains; and 3) a euendolithic assemblage composed of microbes that actively bored into coated grains. The Upper Proterozoic euendolithic assemblage closely resembles a community of euendolithic cyanobacteria found today in shallow marine ooid sands of the Bahama Banks. Thirteen species are described, of which eight are new, five representing new genera: Eohyella dichotoma n. sp., Eohyella endoatracta n. sp., Eohyella rectoclada n. sp., Thylacocausticus globorum n. gen. and sp., Cunicularius halleri n. gen. and sp., Graviglomus incrustus n. gen. and sp., Perulagranum obovatum n. gen. and sp., and Parenchymodiscus endolithicus n. gen. and sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Green
- University of South Carolina at Spartanburg 29303, USA
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