Plasma levels of IL-10 and nitric oxide under two different anaesthesia regimens

Significance of the changes occurring in the levels of interleukins, SOD and MDA in rat pulmonary tissue following exposure to different altitudes and exposure times

The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes occurring in the levels of interleukin, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat lung tissue at different altitudes and times, and to determine the significance of such changes. A total of 88 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: the control group [low altitude (LA), 1,500 m; n=8], the moderate altitude group (MA group, 2,260 m; n=40) and the high altitude group (HA group, 5,000 m; n=40). The moderate and high altitude groups were subdivided into the 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 day groups (MA1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and HA1, 3, 7, 15, 30; n=8). The levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) in the rat lung tissue were determined by ELISA. The WST-1 Cell Proliferation Assay kit and total bile acids assay were used to determine the activity levels of SOD and the content of MDA, respectively. Compared to the control group, the levels of IL-6/IL-8/IL-10 were higher in the MA1 group; however, no significant differences were observed between the other MA subgroups. In addition, no significant differences were detected in SOD activity and the MDA content in the MA subgroups. The levels of IL-6/IL-8 in all the HA subgroups were higher compared to those of the control group, and with the passing of time, the levels of IL-6/IL-8 decreased, but were still higher than those of the control group. However, the level of IL-10 decreased with the passing of time, and was lower in all the HA subgroups compared to the control group. With the passing of time, SOD activity decreased, and the MDA content gradually increased. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that hypoxia due to high altitude induces lung inflammation and oxidative damage, which subsequently causes severe damage to lung tissue.

[Plasma levels of interleukin-10 and nitric oxide in response to two different desflurane anesthesia flow rates]

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated interleukin-10 and nitric oxide plasma levels following surgery to determine whether there is a correlation between these two variables and if different desflurane anesthesia flow rates influence nitric oxide and interleukin-10 concentrations in circulation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty patients between 18 and 70 years and ASA I-II physical status who were scheduled to undergo thyroidectomy were enrolled in the study.

INTERVENTIONS

Patients were allocated into two groups to receive two different desflurane anesthesia flow rates: high flow (Group HF) and low flow (Group LF).

MEASUREMENTS

Blood samples were drawn at the beginning (t0) and end (t1) of the operation and after 24h (t2). Plasma interleukin-10 and nitric oxide levels were measured using an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay and a Griess reagents kit, respectively. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were assessed.

RESULTS

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to interleukin-10 levels at the times of measurement. Interleukin-10 levels were increased equally in both groups at times t1 and t2 compared with preoperative concentrations. For both groups, nitric oxide circulating concentrations were significantly reduced at times t1 and t2 compared with preoperative concentrations. However, the nitric oxide value was lower for Group HF compared to Group LF at t2. No correlation was found between the IL-10 and nitric oxide levels.

CONCLUSION

Clinical usage of two different flow anesthesia forms with desflurane may increase interleukin-10 levels both in Group HF and Group LF; nitric oxide levels circulating concentrations were significantly reduced at times t1 and t2 compared with preoperative concentrations; however, at 24h postoperatively they were higher in Group LF compared to Group HF. No correlation was detected between interleukin-10 and nitric oxide levels.

Plasma levels of interleukin-10 and nitric oxide in response to two different desflurane anesthesia flow rates

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated interleukin-10 and nitric oxide plasma levels following surgery to determine whether there is a correlation between these two variables and if different desflurane anesthesia flow rates influence nitric oxide and interleukin-10 concentrations in circulation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty patients between 18 and 70 years and ASA I-II physical status who were scheduled to undergo thyroidectomy were enrolled in the study.

INTERVENTIONS

Patients were allocated into two groups to receive two different desflurane anesthesia flow rates: high flow (Group HF) and low flow (Group LF).

MEASUREMENTS

Blood samples were drawn at the beginning (t0) and end (t1) of the operation and after 24h (t2). Plasma interleukin-10 and nitric oxide levels were measured using an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay and a Griess reagents kit, respectively. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were assessed.

RESULTS

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to interleukin-10 levels at the times of measurement. Interleukin-10 levels were increased equally in both groups at times t1 and t2 compared with preoperative concentrations. For both groups, nitric oxide circulating concentrations were significantly reduced at times t1 and t2 compared with preoperative concentrations. However, the nitric oxide value was lower for Group HF compared to Group LF at t2. No correlation was found between the IL-10 and nitric oxide levels.

CONCLUSION

Clinical usage of two different flow anesthesia forms with desflurane may increase interleukin-10 levels both in Group HF and Group LF; nitric oxide levels circulating concentrations were significantly reduced at times t1 and t2 compared with preoperative concentrations; however, at 24h postoperatively they were higher in Group LF compared to Group HF. No correlation was detected between interleukin-10 and nitric oxide levels.

Cytokine profile in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery with balanced anesthesia

Patients undergoing surgical procedure develop an inflammatory response due to surgical trauma that may be modulated by anesthetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokine profile in the plasma of adult patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery with balanced anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, and sevoflurane. The study included 15 healthy patients scheduled for tympanoplasty or septoplasty under balanced anesthesia. Blood samples were drawn at four time points: before anesthesia, before surgery, 120 min after anesthesia induction, and on the first postoperative day. Plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -12, TNF-α, and INF-γ levels were assessed by flow cytometry. IL-6 levels were elevated on the day after the surgery (p < 0.001). All other cytokines did not change either during or after balanced anesthesia (p > 0.05). In conclusion, balanced anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, and sevoflurane anesthesia is not associated with intraoperative changes in the plasma cytokines in healthy patients undergoing minimally invasive otorhinological surgeries. Considering IL-6 results, a postoperative inflammatory response may have occurred due to surgical stress.

Oxidative stress-associated hypertension in surgically induced brain injury patients: effects of β-blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

BACKGROUND

Postoperative hypertension is a common problem in patients undergoing surgical procedures, and the modification of this response could result in improved surgical outcome. Although it is recognized that the incidence of postoperative hypertension is higher in neurosurgical procedures, mechanisms behind this are not well understood. Oxidative stress is an important component of brain injury, and free radicals can influence blood pressure by a number of mechanisms. This study examined the effect of pretreatment with antihypertensive agents on postoperative hypertension in patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial brain tumors and the role of oxidative stress in the process.

METHODS

Forty-nine consecutive patients who underwent surgery for supratentorial brain tumors were divided in to three groups (control, Tab. Glucose; atenolol; and lisinopril groups). Blood was drawn at three time points (1 d before the surgery, at the time of dura opening, and at the time of extubation). Hemodynamic parameters in all three groups and levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content, nitrate, and α-tocopherol in serum at various time points were analyzed.

RESULTS

The results showed that perioperative hemodynamic changes were highly associated with oxidative stress parameters in all the three groups. It was seen that atenolol and lisinopril significantly decreased levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content, and nitrate in the intraoperative period (P < 0.05), an effect which continued postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS

The results demonstrate that pretreatment with β-receptor blocker (atenolol) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril) reduces postoperative hypertension in patients undergoing neurosurgery, and inhibition of oxidative stress may be a potential mechanism for this effect.

Anesthetic modulation of immune reactions mediated by nitric oxide

Nitric oxide (NO), when produced via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in excess under pathological conditions (e.g., inflammation, endotoxemia, and septic shock), may lead to tissue injury and organ dysfunction. The bioavailability of NO and the activity and expression of iNOS are regulated by anesthetic agents. Volatile anesthetics mostly suppress, but in some instances may upregulate, the lipopolysaccharide-and cytokine-induced expression of iNOS in blood vessels and macrophages. Intravenous anesthetics inhibit iNOS expression in macrophages and the liver. Local anesthetics decrease the production of NO by inhibiting iNOS expression in macrophages and increase NO production in glial cells. Based on the literature reported so far, the effects of anesthetics on iNOS expression and activity under conditions of inflammation are controversial, with the observed effects depending on the experimental methods and animal species used. On the other hand, it has been shown that volatile and intravenous anesthetics consistently prevent the development of multiple organ failure elicited by endotoxemia or septic shock. Information, although still insufficient, regarding the interactions between anesthetic agents and the detrimental effects of NO formed during inflammatory processes may help us to construct advanced strategies for anesthetizing and sedating patients with inflammation and sepsis and for anesthetic preconditioning against ischemic injury.