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Efficacy of Phrenic Nerve Block and Suprascapular Nerve Block in Amelioration of Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain after Thoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020275. [PMID: 36837476 PMCID: PMC9962566 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ipsilateral shoulder pain (ISP) is a common complication after thoracic surgery. Severe ISP can cause ineffective breathing and impair shoulder mobilization. Both phrenic nerve block (PNB) and suprascapular nerve block (SNB) are anesthetic interventions; however, it remains unclear which intervention is most effective. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of PNB and SNB for the prevention and reduction of the severity of ISP following thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Materials and methods: Studies published in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library without language restriction were reviewed from the publication's inception through 30 September 2022. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the comparative efficacy of PNB and SNB on ISP management were selected. A network meta-analysis was applied to estimate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of 381 records screened, eight studies were eligible. PNB was shown to significantly lower the risk of ISP during the 24 h period after surgery compared to placebo (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.58) and SNB (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.64). PNB significantly reduced the severity of ISP during the 24 h period after thoracic surgery (WMD -1.75, 95% CI -3.47 to -0.04), but these effects of PNB were not statistically significantly different from SNB. When compared to placebo, SNB did not significantly reduce the incidence or severity of ISP during the 24 h period after surgery. Conclusion: This study suggests that PNB ranks first for prevention and reduction of ISP severity during the first 24 h after thoracic surgery. SNB was considered the worst intervention for ISP management. No evidence indicated that PNB was associated with a significant impairment of postoperative ventilatory status.
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Hung YA, Sun CK, Chiang MH, Chen JY, Ko CC, Chen CC, Chen Y, Teng IC, Hung KC. Impact of intraoperative phrenic nerve infiltration on postoperative ipsilateral shoulder pain following thoracic surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:3334-3343. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ren D, Zhang B, Xu J, Liu R, Wang J, Huo H, Zhang H, Zeng J, Wang H, Xu X, Lin M, Xu S, Song Z. Effect of Upper Arm Position Changes on the Occurrence of Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain After Single-Operator Port Thoracoscopy. Front Surg 2022; 9:823259. [PMID: 35187060 PMCID: PMC8847201 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.823259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with the occurrence of ISP after VATS to reduce the incidence of ISP and improve patients' quality of life. Methods The data of patients were collected between June 2020 and August 2020 in the Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. The angle of upper arm was measured intraoperatively. The patient's postoperative shoulder function was quantified using the Constant-Murley shoulder function rating score. The proportional hazards model was applied to identify multiple influence factors. Results A total of 140 eligible patients met criteria. At postoperative day 3, only the age influenced patients' shoulder pain. At postoperative day 14, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.098 [1.046-1.152]; P < 0.001) and upper arm Angle A (OR: 1.064 [1.011-1.121]; P = 0.018) were independent risk factors for low shoulder function scores. However, height was its protective factor (OR: 0.923 [0.871-0.977]; P = 0.006). At postoperative day 42, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that age (OR: 1.079 [1.036-1.124]; P < 0.001) was a risk factor for low shoulder function scores, and height (OR: 0.933 [0.886-0.983]; P = 0.009) was its protective factor. In contrast, upper arm Angle B was not statistically associated with low shoulder function scores (P>0.05). In addition, the reduction in ipsilateral Shoulder scores after surgery was higher in patients with more than 113° of angle A (P = 0.025). Conclusion ISP was closely related to the angle of anterior flexion of the upper arm on the patient's operative side intraoperatively. The increase in the degree of postoperative shoulder injury is more pronounced for an anterior flexion angle of >113°. Therefore, we recommend that the angle of anterior flexion of the upper extremity should be <113° intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Ren
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Colleges of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Renwang Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huandong Huo
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingtong Zeng
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Colleges of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Song Xu
| | - Zuoqing Song
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Zuoqing Song
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Bak TS, Bøgevig S, Christensen AP, Tollund C, Hillingsø J, Aasvang EK. Phrenic nerve block on severe post-hepatectomy shoulder pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2021; 65:1320-1328. [PMID: 34027992 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe shoulder pain occurs frequently after surgery close to the diaphragm, potentially caused by referred pain via the ipsilateral phrenic nerve. We aimed to assess the analgesic effect of an ultrasound-guided phrenic nerve block on moderate to severe right-sided shoulder pain after open partial hepatectomy. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study, comparing ultrasound-guided phrenic nerve block (ropivacaine 0.75 mg/mL) versus placebo (isotonic sodium chloride 0.9 mg/mL) on severe post-hepatectomy shoulder pain (NRS ≥6). Pre- and postoperative spirometry and arterial blood gas analyses were used to assess respiratory function. Subjects with chronic lung disease were excluded. Unfortunately, due to lack of funding, the trial was ended prematurely and therefore presented as a pilot study. RESULTS One hundred and one subjects were screened for eligibility; 14 subjects were randomized, and two subjects were later excluded; thus, 12 subjects were analyzed with six in each group. A statistically significant difference in reduction in median pain intensity between groups was observed 15 minutes after phrenic nerve block ("ropivacaine first" ΔNRS: -6.0 [-6.0 to -3.0] vs. "saline first" ΔNRS: 0 [-6.0 to 1.0], P = .026). Spirometry results and arterial blood gas analyses were not clinically impacted by the block. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative phrenic nerve block significantly reduced severe post-hepatectomy shoulder pain. Larger studies are warranted to confirm the lack of clinically relevant block-related impairment of respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theis S. Bak
- Department of Anesthesiology Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Søren Bøgevig
- Department of Anesthesiology Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Amalie P. Christensen
- Department of Anesthesiology Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Carsten Tollund
- Department of Anesthesiology Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jens Hillingsø
- Department of Surgery Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Eske K. Aasvang
- Department of Anesthesiology Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Kimura Kuroiwa K, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, Aoki Y, Nishizawa M, Ide S, Miura K, Kobayashi N, Sehmbi H. Phrenic Nerve Block at the Azygos Vein Level Versus Sham Block for Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain After Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesth Analg 2021; 132:1594-1602. [PMID: 33332919 PMCID: PMC8115743 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ipsilateral shoulder pain (ISP) is a common problem after pulmonary surgery. We hypothesized that phrenic nerve block (PNB) at the azygos vein level, near the location of the surgical operation, would be effective for reducing ISP. Our primary aim was to assess the effect of PNB on postoperative ISP, following video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Department of Biostatistics of Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Aoki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishizawa
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Susumu Ide
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kobayashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Herman Sehmbi
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Le-Wendling L, Ihnatsenka B, Maurer AJ, Zasimovich Y. Efficacy of Phrenic Nerve Catheter in Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain After Thoracic Surgery. Cureus 2021; 13:e13330. [PMID: 33738173 PMCID: PMC7959652 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of ipsilateral shoulder pain (ISP) after thoracic surgery remains unexplained definitively in the literature. Regional techniques targeting specific nerves more precisely will provide practitioners with a better understanding of the pain source. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who underwent robotic-assisted plication of the right hemidiaphragm. ISP was adequately managed using a low-volume infusion through a continuous phrenic nerve block in addition to a thoracic epidural for her chest pain. ISP after thoracic surgery likely originates from diaphragm manipulation. Phrenic nerve blockade is a successful strategy that does not worsen subjective dyspnea in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Le-Wendling
- Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Barys Ihnatsenka
- Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Adrian J Maurer
- Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Yury Zasimovich
- Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
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Hodge A, Rapchuk IL, Gurunathan U. Postoperative Pain Management and the Incidence of Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain After Thoracic Surgery at an Australian Tertiary-Care Hospital: A Prospective Audit. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 35:555-562. [PMID: 32863141 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ipsilateral shoulder pain (ISP) is a common but variably occurring (42%-85%) complication after thoracic surgery. Multiple potential treatments, including upper limb blocks, intrapleural local anaesthetic infiltration, and systemic opioids, have undergone trials, with limited efficacy. Phrenic nerve infiltration is a potential intervention that may prevent ISP. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and severity of ISP after thoracic surgery at the authors' institution, where phrenic nerve infiltration is commonly used. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING A single- center study in a tertiary referral center in Brisbane, Australia. PARTICIPANTS This study comprised all adult patients undergoing thoracic surgery at a tertiary- care referral center from May to July 2018. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Surgical procedures were divided into open thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and VATS-guided mini-thoracotomy. The primary outcome was a comparison of incidence of ISP among the 3 types of surgical procedures. Data were analyzed using Stata (StataCorp), with significance testing by Kruskal-Wallis equality of populations rank test. A p value of < 0.05 was deemed significant. Sixty thoracic surgeries were performed during the audit period. Nineteen patients had thoracotomies performed for lobectomy or pneumonectomy, all of whom received phrenic nerve infiltration. The incidence of moderate-to-severe ipsilateral shoulder pain among the thoracoctomy cohort was 15.8% (3/19). Of the 36 VATS procedures audited, 7 patients (19.4%) received infiltration of their phrenic nerve, none of whom reported postoperative ISP. Of the remaining twenty-nine patients who did not receive phrenic nerve infiltration, there were 4 cases of moderate-to-severe ipsilateral shoulder pain (11.1%). Four of the 5 patients (80%) who underwent VATS-guided mini-thoracotomies received phrenic nerve infiltration intraoperatively. Three patients reported moderate-to-severe ISP and of these 3 patients, 2 patients had phrenic nerve infiltration, and 1 patient did not receive infiltration. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in rest or dynamic pain scores across the surgical groups at any time point. Mann-Whitney test revealed that the participants with ISP were significantly older than those without ISP (p = 0.006). However, there were no significant differences in sex or body mass index between those with and without ISP. CONCLUSION The authors observed a lower (15.8%) incidence of moderate-to-severe ISP among their thoracotomy patients than reported in prior literature. Injection of local anesthetic into the phrenic nerve fat pad at the level of the diaphragm appeared to be an effective and safe surgical intervention that may eliminate a significant cause of ISP. None of the VATS patients who received phrenic nerve infiltration experienced ISP. Postoperative pain in VATS is expected to be reduced by avoiding the use of a rib spreader, severing of the intercostal nerves, and division of muscle tissue, which may account for the lower observed rates of ISP in the VATS cohort who did not receive phrenic nerve infiltration. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to establish if patients undergoing various VATS procedures benefit from this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Hodge
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland.
| | - Ivan L Rapchuk
- University of Queensland; Department of Anaesthesia and Perfusion Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Usha Gurunathan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perfusion Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Treasure T. Thoracotomy: Gain With Less Pain? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 31:593-594. [PMID: 31153994 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Treasure
- UCL, Clinical Operational Research Unit, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Krishnamoorthy B, Critchley WR, Soon SY, Birla R, Begum Z, Nair J, Devan N, Mohan R, Fildes J, Morris J, Fullwood C, Krysiak P, Malagon I, Shah R. A Randomized Study Comparing the Incidence of Postoperative Pain After Phrenic Nerve Infiltration Vs Nonphrenic Nerve Infiltration During Thoracotomy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 31:583-592. [PMID: 30529157 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thoracotomy is a common surgical procedure performed worldwide for lung disease. Despite major advances in analgesia, patients still experience severe shoulder, central back and surgical incision site pain in the postoperative period. This study aimed to assess whether intraoperative phrenic nerve infiltration reduces the incidence of postoperative pain and improves peak flow volume measurements during incentive spirometry. 90 patients undergoing open lobectomy were randomly assigned to have phrenic nerve infiltration (n = 46) or not (n = 44). The phrenic nerve infiltration group received 10 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine into the periphrenic fat pad. Preoperative assessments of spirometry and pain scores were recorded (at rest and with movement). Postoperative assessments included peak flow and pain measurements at intervals up to 72 hours. Less shoulder pain was experienced with phrenic nerve infiltration up to 6 hours postsurgery at rest (P = 0.005) and up to 12 hours with movement (P < 0.001). Reduced back pain was reported in the phrenic nerve infiltration group up to 6 hours after surgery both at rest (P = 0.001) and with movement (P = 0.00). Phrenic nerve infiltration reduced pain at the incision site for up to 3 hours both at rest (P < 0.001) and with movement (P = 0.001). Spirometry readings dropped in both groups with consistently lower readings at baseline and follow-up in the PNI group (P = 0.007). Lower analgesic usage of patient controlled analgesia morphine (P < 0.0001), epipleural bupivacaine (P = 0.001), and oramorph/zomorph (P = 0.0002) were recorded. Our findings indicate that the use of phrenic nerve infiltration significantly reduced patient pain scores during the early postoperative period, particularly during movement. We believe that each technique has advantages and disadvantages; however, further studies with large sample size are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK.
| | - W R Critchley
- The Manchester Collaborative Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Y Soon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R Birla
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Z Begum
- The Manchester Collaborative Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Nair
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - N Devan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ram Mohan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - James Fildes
- The Manchester Collaborative Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Morris
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - C Fullwood
- Centre of Biostatistics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Research and Innovation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - P Krysiak
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - I Malagon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R Shah
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Woo JH, Kim YJ, Kim KC, Kim CH, Jun J. The effect of interscalene block on ipsilateral shoulder pain and pulmonary function in patients undergoing lung lobectomy: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11034. [PMID: 29901598 PMCID: PMC6023789 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative ipsilateral shoulder pain occurs in 37% to 68% of patients undergoing a thoracotomy. We examined whether interscalene brachial plexus block using a lower concentration of local anesthetic would reduce the incidence of post-thoracotomy ipsilateral shoulder pain with assessment of pulmonary function in patients who underwent a lung lobectomy. METHODS Forty-four patients who underwent a lung lobectomy were randomly assigned to either the control or the interscalene block group. Single-shot interscalene block on the surgical site side was performed using ropivacaine 0.25% 10 mL including dexamethasone 5 mg under ultrasound guidance in the interscalene block group. Lobectomy and continuous paravertebral block were performed under general anesthesia. The presence of ipsilateral shoulder pain and postoperative adverse events were assessed. Pulmonary function tests were performed preoperatively, the day after surgery, and the day after removing the chest tube. RESULTS The incidence of ipsilateral shoulder pain was significantly lower in the interscalene block group than in the control group (54.5% vs 14.3%, P = .006) with an overall incidence of 34.9%. Postoperative adverse events were similar between the groups, with no patients presenting symptoms of respiratory difficulty. Significant reductions in pulmonary function were observed in all patients after lobectomy; however, no significant difference in any of the pulmonary function test variables was observed postoperatively between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Interscalene block using 10 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine including dexamethasone 5 mg reduced the incidence of post-thoracotomy ipsilateral shoulder pain and did not result in additional impairment of pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Woo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
| | | | - Kwan Chang Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hyo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
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Elfokery BM, Tawfic SA, Abdelrahman AM, Abbas DN, Abdelghaffar IM. Comparative study on the analgesic effect of acute ipsilateral shoulder pain after open thoracotomy between preoperative ultrasound guided suprascapular nerve block (SNB) and intraoperative phrenic nerve infiltration (PNI) in cancer lung patients. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2018; 30:27-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Pipanmekaporn T, Punjasawadwong Y, Charuluxananan S, Lapisatepun W, Bunburaphong P, Boonsri S, Tantraworasin A, Bunchungmongkol N. The Effectiveness of Intravenous Parecoxib on the Incidence of Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain After Thoracotomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:302-308. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Blichfeldt-Eckhardt MR, Andersen C, Ørding H, Licht PB, Toft P. Shoulder Pain After Thoracic Surgery: Type and Time Course, a Prospective Cohort Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 31:147-151. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Badin AS, Fermani F, Greenfield SA. The Features and Functions of Neuronal Assemblies: Possible Dependency on Mechanisms beyond Synaptic Transmission. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 10:114. [PMID: 28119576 PMCID: PMC5223595 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Neuronal assemblies" are defined here as coalitions within the brain of millions of neurons extending in space up to 1-2 mm, and lasting for hundreds of milliseconds: as such they could potentially link bottom-up, micro-scale with top-down, macro-scale events. The perspective first compares the features in vitro versus in vivo of this underappreciated "meso-scale" level of brain processing, secondly considers the various diverse functions in which assemblies may play a pivotal part, and thirdly analyses whether the surprisingly spatially extensive and prolonged temporal properties of assemblies can be described exclusively in terms of classic synaptic transmission or whether additional, different types of signaling systems are likely to operate. Based on our own voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) data acquired in vitro we show how restriction to only one signaling process, i.e., synaptic transmission, is unlikely to be adequate for modeling the full profile of assemblies. Based on observations from VSDI with its protracted spatio-temporal scales, we suggest that two other, distinct processes are likely to play a significant role in assembly dynamics: "volume" transmission (the passive diffusion of diverse bioactive transmitters, hormones, and modulators), as well as electrotonic spread via gap junctions. We hypothesize that a combination of all three processes has the greatest potential for deriving a realistic model of assemblies and hence elucidating the various complex brain functions that they may mediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine-Scott Badin
- Neuro-Bio Ltd., Culham Science CentreAbingdon, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Mann Group, University of OxfordOxford, UK
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Blichfeldt-Eckhardt MR, Laursen CB, Berg H, Holm JH, Hansen LN, Ørding H, Andersen C, Licht PB, Toft P. A randomised, controlled, double-blind trial of ultrasound-guided phrenic nerve block to prevent shoulder pain after thoracic surgery. Anaesthesia 2016; 71:1441-1448. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. B. Laursen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - H. Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - J. H. Holm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - L. N. Hansen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - H. Ørding
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Vejle Hospital; Vejle Denmark
| | - C. Andersen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - P. B. Licht
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - P. Toft
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
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Rodriguez-Aldrete D, Candiotti KA, Janakiraman R, Rodriguez-Blanco YF. Trends and New Evidence in the Management of Acute and Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain—An Overview of the Literature from 2005 to 2015. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 30:762-72. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Bunchungmongkol N, Pipanmekaporn T, Paiboonworachat S, Saeteng S, Tantraworasin A. Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain After Thoracic Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:979-82. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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20
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Gritsenko K, Khelemsky Y, Kaye AD, Vadivelu N, Urman RD. Multimodal therapy in perioperative analgesia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2014; 28:59-79. [PMID: 24815967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current evidence for multimodal analgesic options for common surgical procedures. As perioperative physicians, we have come a long way from using only opioids for postoperative pain to combinations of acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective Cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors, local anesthetics, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, and regional anesthetics. As discussed in this article, many of these agents have decreased narcotic requirements, improved patient satisfaction, and decreased postanesthesia care unit (PACU) times, as well as morbidity in the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gritsenko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; Department of Family and Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; Acute Pain, Regional, Chronic Pain, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yury Khelemsky
- Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Pain Medicine Fellowship Program, Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan David Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Interventional Pain Services, LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nalini Vadivelu
- Anesthesiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard D Urman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA
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21
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Kaplowitz J, Papadakos PJ. Acute Pain Management for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: An Update. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2012; 26:312-21. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Martinez-Barenys C, Lopez de Castro PE, Garcia-Guasch R, Astudillo J. Reply to Rychlik et al. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezr048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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23
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Randomized double-blind comparison of phrenic nerve infiltration and suprascapular nerve block for ipsilateral shoulder pain after thoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40:106-12. [PMID: 21145244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Asaad B, Gordin V. Postthoracotomy Pain. Pain Manag 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0721-2.00082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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26
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Iida H, Sumi K, Yamaguchi S, Takenaka M, Dohi S. A case of cervicogenic ipsilateral shoulder pain after thoracic surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2009; 23:853-4. [PMID: 19362016 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
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MacDougall P, Slinger P. Post-thoracotomy shoulder pain and gabapentin: a tale of two enigmas. Can J Anaesth 2008; 55:323-7. [PMID: 18566194 DOI: 10.1007/bf03021486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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28
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Abstract
Pain after thoracotomy is very severe, probably the most severe pain experienced after surgery. Thoracic epidural analgesia has greatly improved the pain experience and its consequences and has been considered the standard for pain management after thoracotomy. This view has been challenged recently by the use of paravertebral nerve blocks. Nevertheless, severe ipsilateral shoulder pain and the prevention of the postthoracotomy pain syndrome remain the most important challenges for management of postthoracotomy pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gerner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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29
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2008; 21:85-8. [DOI: 10.1097/aco.0b013e3282f5415f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Chakraborty S, Sandberg A, Greenfield SA. Differential dynamics of transient neuronal assemblies in visual compared to auditory cortex. Exp Brain Res 2007; 182:491-8. [PMID: 17673993 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-1008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale, coherent, but highly transient networks of neurons, 'neuronal assemblies', operate over a sub-second time frame. Such assemblies of brain cells need not necessarily respect well-defined anatomical compartmentalisation, but represent an intermediate level of brain organisation between identified brain regions and individual neurons dependent on the activity status of the synaptic connections and axonal projections. To study neuronal assemblies both in slices and in the living brain, optical imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDI) offers the highest spatial and temporal resolution in real-time. Applying VSDI technique to compare assemblies in visual versus auditory cortices under standardised experimental protocols, we observed no significant variations in the basic parameters of fluorescence signal and assembly size: such results might be predicted from the canonical invariance of cortical structures across modalities. However, further analysis revealed less obvious yet significant differences in the assembly dynamics of the two regions. The neural assemblies spread widely across layers in the two cortices following paired-pulse stimulation of putative layer 4. The respective patterns of activity started to differentiate within a specific time frame (250-300 ms). The signal was predominant near the point of stimulation in the visual cortex, whereas in the auditory cortex the signal was stronger in the superficial layers. This modality-specific divergence in assembly dynamics highlights a previously under-appreciated level of neuronal processing. Additionally, these findings could prompt a new approach to the understanding of how information from different senses, transmitted as action potentials with identical electrochemical characteristics across different cortices, be it visual or auditory, can eventually yield, nonetheless, the qualitatively distinct experiences of seeing or hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhojit Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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