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Taylor MG, Carr DC, Carpenter R, Quesnel-Vallée A. Work and income instability and retirement financial wellbeing for women and men. J Women Aging 2024; 36:197-209. [PMID: 38193149 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2023.2286846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Financial wellbeing in retirement is contingent on realizations of financial expectations developed earlier in life and may differ substantially by gender. People's standard of living in retirement is tied to stability in work and income trajectories during working years along with retirement benefits and savings. Women have a greater overall income disadvantage relative to men, including reduced life course labor force exposure that may restrict retirement savings and benefits. Using the Canadian Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA) and 20 years of linked tax record data (N = 2,353), we explore the association between instability in work and income histories and lower perceived retirement standard of living (PRSOL), net of retirement benefits, for women and men in Canada. Results show that for women, life course effects shaping PRSOL are driven by cumulative disability exposure and bouts of social assistance. For men, PRSOL is influenced more by cumulative unemployment. Although retirement benefits do not offset histories of work and income instability for either gender, income assistance is protective for women in retirement while personal investments are protective for men. Overall, our findings suggest that despite Canada's relatively generous pension program in later life, life course instability in work and income have persisting, gendered effects on financial wellbeing in retirement that underscore financial and health disadvantage for women across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles G Taylor
- Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy and Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Dawn C Carr
- Claude Pepper Center and Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Rebekah Carpenter
- Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy, Claude Pepper Center, and Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- Department of Equity, Ethics, and Policy and Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Boonen A, Webers C, Butink M, Barten B, Betteridge N, Black DC, Bremander A, Boteva B, Brzezińska O, Chauhan L, Copsey S, Guimarães V, Gignac M, Glaysher J, Green F, Hoving JL, Marques ML, Smucrova H, Stamm TA, Wiek D, Wilkie R, Woolf AD, Burmester GR, Bijlsma JW, Verstappen SMM. 2021 EULAR points to consider to support people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases to participate in healthy and sustainable paid work. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:57-64. [PMID: 36109139 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM As part of its strategic objectives for 2023, EULAR aims to improve the work participation of people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). One strategic initiative focused on the development of overarching points to consider (PtC) to support people with RMDs in healthy and sustainable paid work participation. METHODS EULAR's standardised operating procedures were followed. A steering group identified six research areas on paid work participation. Three systematic literature reviews, several non-systematic reviews and two surveys were conducted. A multidisciplinary taskforce of 25 experts from 10 European countries and Canada formulated overarching principles and PtC after discussion of the results of literature reviews and surveys. Consensus was obtained through voting, with levels of agreement obtained anonymously. RESULTS Three overarching principles and 11 PtC were formulated. The PtC recognise various stakeholders are important to improving work participation. Five PtC emphasise shared responsibilities (eg, obligation to provide active support) (PtC 1, 2, 3, 5, 6). One encourages people with RMDs to discuss work limitations when necessary at each phase of their working life (PtC 4) and two focus on the role of interventions by healthcare providers or employers (PtC 7, 8). Employers are encouraged to create inclusive and flexible workplaces (PtC 10) and policymakers to make necessary changes in social and labour policies (PtC 9, 11). A research agenda highlights the necessity for stronger evidence aimed at personalising work-related support to the diverse needs of people with RMDs. CONCLUSION Implementation of these EULAR PtC will improve healthy and sustainable work participation of people with RMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Boonen
- Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands .,Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Webers
- Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Butink
- Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Barten
- EULAR Research Partner, EULAR PARE, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dame Carol Black
- Centre for Ageing Better, London, UK.,Independent Adviser to the UK Government on Combatting Drugs Misuse, London, UK
| | - Ann Bremander
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Boryana Boteva
- EULAR Research Partner, EULAR PARE, Zurich, Switzerland.,Bulgarian Organisation for People with Rheumatic Diseases (BOPRD), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Olga Brzezińska
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Sarah Copsey
- European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Vera Guimarães
- Liga Portuguesa Contra as Doenças Reumáticas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Monique Gignac
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School for Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jan L Hoving
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Lucy Marques
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Tanja A Stamm
- Section for Outcomes Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Wiek
- EULAR Research Partner, EULAR PARE, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ross Wilkie
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine - Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Anthony D Woolf
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes W Bijlsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research - Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre - Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Center, Manchester, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southhampton, UK
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Jetha A, Martin Ginis KA, Ibrahim S, Gignac MAM. The working disadvantaged: the role of age, job tenure and disability in precarious work. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1900. [PMID: 33302930 PMCID: PMC7727192 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precarious work is an increasingly common characteristic of industrialized labor markets that can widen health inequities, especially among disadvantaged workforce segments. Study objectives are to compare precarious employment in workers with and without disabilities, and to examine the modifying effect of disability in the relationships between age, job tenure and precarious work. METHODS Employed Canadians with (n = 901) and without disabilities (n = 901) were surveyed on exposure to precarious working conditions. Information on age and job tenure were collected from respondents along with sociodemographic, health and work context details. Multivariable logistic models examined the association between disability and precarious work. Also, multigroup probit models examined precarious work for young (18-35 yrs), middle-aged (36-50 yrs) and older adults (> 50 yrs) and job tenure and was stratified by participants with and without disabilities. RESULTS Almost equal proportions of young, middle-aged and older participants were recruited. Mean job tenure of participants was 9.5 years (SD = 9.0). Close to one-third of participants reported working precariously. At the multivariable level, a disability was not associated with working precariously. However, multigroup modelling indicated that disability was a significant effect-modifier. Older adults with a disability had a 1.88 times greater odds of reporting precarious work when compared to young adults (OR = 1.88, 95%CI 1.19, 2.98). When reporting a disability, longer job tenure was related to a 0.95 times lower odds of precarious work (OR = 0.95 95%CI 0.93, 0.98). The relationship between age and job tenure was not significant for those not reporting a disability. DISCUSSION Precarious work has the potential to affect workers with and without disabilities. For those with a disability, being an older adult and/or a new worker can contribute to a greater likelihood of being employed precariously. Policies and programs can be recommended to address precarious working conditions and related health inequities for people with disabilities based on life and career phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work & Health, Suite 1800, 480 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5A 1S5, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Kathleen A Martin Ginis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Southern Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Selahadin Ibrahim
- Institute for Work & Health, Suite 1800, 480 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5A 1S5, Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work & Health, Suite 1800, 480 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5A 1S5, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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