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Huang ZZ, Tan J, Huang P, Li BS, Guo Q, Liang LJ. The evolutionary features and roles of single nucleotide variants and charged amino acid mutations in influenza outbreaks during NPI period. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20418. [PMID: 39223292 PMCID: PMC11369173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidemic and outbreaks of influenza B Victoria lineage (Bv) during 2019-2022 led to an analysis of genetic, epitopes, charged amino acids and Bv outbreaks. Based on the National Influenza Surveillance Network (NISN), the Bv 72 strains isolated during 2019-2022 were selected by spatio-temporal sampling, then were sequenced. Using the Compare Means, Correlate and Cluster, the outbreak data were analyzed, including the single nucleotide variant (SNV), amino acid (AA), epitope, evolutionary rate (ER), Shannon entropy value (SV), charged amino acid and outbreak. With the emergence of COVID-19, the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) made Less distant transmission and only Bv outbreak. The 2021-2022 strains in the HA genes were located in the same subset, but were distinct from the 2019-2020 strains (P < 0.001). The codon G → A transition in nucleotide was in the highest ratio but the transversion of C → A and T → A made the most significant contribution to the outbreaks, while the increase in amino acid mutations characterized by polar, acidic and basic signatures played a key role in the Bv epidemic in 2021-2022. Both ER and SV were positively correlated in HA genes (R = 0.690) and NA genes (R = 0.711), respectively, however, the number of mutations in the HA genes was 1.59 times higher than that of the NA gene (2.15/1.36) from the beginning of 2020 to 2022. The positively selective sites 174, 199, 214 and 563 in HA genes and the sites 73 and 384 in NA genes were evolutionarily selected in the 2021-2022 influenza outbreaks. Overall, the prevalent factors related to 2021-2022 influenza outbreaks included epidemic timing, Tv, Ts, Tv/Ts, P137 (B → P), P148 (B → P), P199 (P → A), P212 (P → A), P214 (H → P) and P563 (B → P). The preference of amino acid mutations for charge/pH could influence the epidemic/outbreak trends of infectious diseases. Here was a good model of the evolution of infectious disease pathogens. This study, on account of further exploration of virology, genetics, bioinformatics and outbreak information, might facilitate further understanding of their deep interaction mechanisms in the spread of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhou Huang
- Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Bai-Sheng Li
- Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Li-Jun Liang
- Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
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Rabie-Rudsari M, Behboudi E, Ranjkesh A, Kaveh K, Razavi-Nikoo H, Haghshenas MR, Moradi A. Molecular identification of neuraminidase gene mutations in influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 isolates of Mazandaran province, north of Iran. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:466-472. [PMID: 37992963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The neuraminidase (NA) mutations causing resistance to NA inhibitors (NAIs) mostly compromise the fitness of influenza viruses. Considering the importance of these mutations, constant monitoring of the effectiveness of available drugs is critical. This study aimed to identify NA mutations in the influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 subtypes in the samples of Mazandaran, Iran from 2016 to 2020. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 20 influenza A/H1N1 and 20 influenza A/H3N2 samples were included in the study. After design of appropriate primers for NA gene, all samples subjected to RT-PCR and electrophoresis. Then the PCR product was sequenced to determine the mutations. RESULTS In the present study, no oseltamivir resistance-related mutations were detected. Still, NA gene showed variations compared to the vaccine strains. In A/H1N1, a total of 43 mutations were detected. Similarly, in A/H3N2, a total of 66 mutations were observed. In all isolates of H1N1, N200S, N248D and I321V mutations were detected in the antigenic site of NA protein, which can affect vaccine incompatibility and virus escape from the host's immune system. Also, H150R mutation was observed in the NA active site of H3N2, which is the cause of agglutination by NA protein. Also, S245N mutation was identified as a new N-Glycosylation site of H3N2 subtype. CONCLUSIONS The study of NA gene sequences revealed no oseltamivir resistance mutations. In H1N1 isolates, ca. 97% identities and in the H3N2 subtype, 96% identities were observed compared to reference isolate of 2009, which indicates the importance of constant monitoring of the emergence of the drug resistance mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rabie-Rudsari
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Emad Behboudi
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Ategheh Ranjkesh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kaveh
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi-Nikoo
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Drug Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Lee HS, Noh JY, Song JY, Cheong HJ, Choi WS, Jeong HW, Wie S, Kim WJ. Molecular genetic characteristics of influenza A virus clinically isolated during 2011-2016 influenza seasons in Korea. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 12:497-507. [PMID: 29489060 PMCID: PMC6005628 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influenza virus is reportedly associated with 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 250 000-500 000 deaths annually worldwide. OBJECTIVES We investigated the variation of influenza A virus in Korea and examined the association with death. METHODS A total of 13 620 cases were enrolled in the Hospital-based Influenza Morbidity & Mortality surveillance system in Korea during 2011-2016. Among these cases, a total of 4725 were diagnosed with influenza using RT-PCR (influenza A; n = 3696, influenza B; n = 928, co-infection; n = 101). We used 254 viral sequences from the 3696 influenza A cases for phylogenetic analysis using the BioEdit and MEGA 6.06 programs. RESULTS We found that the sequences of A/H3N2 in the 2011-2012 season belong to subgroup 3C.1, whereas the sequences in the 2012-2013 season pertain to subgroup 3C.2. The sequences in the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 seasons involve subgroups 3C.3a and 3C.2a. The A/H1N1pdm09 subtype belongs to subgroup 6 and contains two clusters. In addition, sequence analysis confirmed the several substitutions of internal genes and gene substitutions associated with drug resistance (I222V in NA and S31N in M2) in the fatal cases. While statistical analysis found no significant associations between genetic differences in the viruses and mortality, mortality was associated with certain host factors, such as chronic lung disease. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, influenza A virus clade changes occurred in Korea during the 2011-2016 seasons. These data, along with antigenic analysis, can aid in selecting effective vaccine strains. We confirmed that fatality in influenza A cases was related to underlying patient diseases, such as chronic lung disease, and further studies are needed to confirm associations between mortality and viral genetic substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Plus for Biomedical ScienceCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineGuro HospitalCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineGuro HospitalCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineGuro HospitalCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineAnsan HospitalCollege of MedicineKorea UniversityAnsanKorea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Seong‐Heon Wie
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineSt. Vincent's HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSuwonKorea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus for Biomedical ScienceCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineGuro HospitalCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
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Charged amino acid variability related to N-glyco -sylation and epitopes in A/H3N2 influenza: Hem -agglutinin and neuraminidase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178231. [PMID: 28708860 PMCID: PMC5510802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The A/H3N2 influenza viruses circulated in humans have been shown to undergo antigenic drift, a process in which amino acid mutations result from nucleotide substitutions. There are few reports regarding the charged amino acid mutations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relations between charged amino acids, N-glycosylation and epitopes in hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). METHODS A total of 700 HA genes (691 NA genes) of A/H3N2 viruses were chronologically analyzed for the mutational variants in amino acid features, N-glycosylation sites and epitopes since its emergence in 1968. RESULTS It was found that both the number of HA N-glycosylation sites and the electric charge of HA increased gradually up to 2016. The charges of HA and HA1 increased respectively 1.54-fold (+7.0 /+17.8) and 1.08-fold (+8.0/+16.6) and the number of NGS in nearly doubled (7/12). As great diversities occurred in 1990s, involving Epitope A, B and D mutations, the charged amino acids in Epitopes A, B, C and D in HA1 mutated at a high frequency in global circulating strains last decade. The charged amino acid mutations in Epitopes A (T135K) has shown high mutability in strains near years, resulting in a decrease of NGT135-135. Both K158N and K160T not only involved mutations charged in epitope B, but also caused a gain of NYT158-160. Epitope B and its adjacent N-glycosylation site NYT158-160 mutated more frequently, which might be under greater immune pressure than the rest. CONCLUSIONS The charged amino acid mutations in A/H3N2 Influenza play a significant role in virus evolution, which might cause an important public health issue. Variability related to both the epitopes (A and B) and N-glycosylation is beneficial for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms, disease pathogenesis and vaccine research.
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Kurebayashi Y, Takahashi T, Tamoto C, Sahara K, Otsubo T, Yokozawa T, Shibahara N, Wada H, Minami A, Ikeda K, Suzuki T. High-Efficiency Capture of Drug Resistant-Influenza Virus by Live Imaging of Sialidase Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156400. [PMID: 27232333 PMCID: PMC4883822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A and B viruses possess a neuraminidase protein that shows sialidase activity. Influenza virus-specific neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are commonly used for clinical treatment of influenza. However, some influenza A and B viruses that are resistant to NAIs have emerged in nature. NAI-resistant viruses have been monitored in public hygiene surveys and the mechanism underlying the resistance has been studied. Here, we describe a new assay for selective detection and isolation of an NAI-resistant virus in a speedy and easy manner by live fluorescence imaging of viral sialidase activity, which we previously developed, in order to achieve high-efficiency capture of an NAI-resistant virus. An NAI-resistant virus maintains sialidase activity even at a concentration of NAI that leads to complete deactivation of the virus. Infected cells and focuses (infected cell populations) of an oseltamivir-resistant virus were selectively visualized by live fluorescence sialidase imaging in the presence of oseltamivir, resulting in high-efficiency isolation of the resistant viruses. The use of a combination of other NAIs (zanamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir) in the imaging showed that the oseltamivir-resistant virus isolated in 2008 was sensitive to zanamivir and laninamivir but resistant to peramivir. Fluorescence imaging in the presence of zanamivir also succeeded in selective live-cell visualization of cells that expressed zanamivir-resistant NA. Fluorescence imaging of NAI-resistant sialidase activity will be a powerful method for study of the NAI resistance mechanism, for public monitoring of NAI-resistant viruses, and for development of a new NAI that shows an effect on various NAI-resistant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Kurebayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Sahara
- Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tadamune Otsubo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure-shi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yokozawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nona Shibahara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
- Shizuoka City Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Wada
- Shizuoka City Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Minami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ikeda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure-shi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
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TAKAHASHI T, KUREBAYASHI Y, OTSUBO T, IKEDA K, MINAMI A, SUZUKI T. Fluorescence Imaging of Virus-infected Cells with a Sialidase Imaging Probe. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2016. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.65.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu TAKAHASHI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yuuki KUREBAYASHI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tadamune OTSUBO
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University
| | - Kiyoshi IKEDA
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University
| | - Akira MINAMI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takashi SUZUKI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Park S, Kim JI, Lee I, Lee S, Hwang MW, Bae JY, Heo J, Kim D, Jang SI, Kim H, Cheong HJ, Song JW, Song KJ, Baek LJ, Park MS. Combination effects of peramivir and favipiravir against oseltamivir-resistant 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) infection in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101325. [PMID: 24992479 PMCID: PMC4081560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral drugs are being used for therapeutic purposes against influenza illness in humans. However, antiviral-resistant variants often nullify the effectiveness of antivirals. Combined medications, as seen in the treatment of cancers and other infectious diseases, have been suggested as an option for the control of antiviral-resistant influenza viruses. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic value of combination therapy against oseltamivir-resistant 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 virus infection in DBA/2 mice. Mice were treated for five days with favipiravir and peramivir starting 4 hours after lethal challenge. Compared with either monotherapy, combination therapy saved more mice from viral lethality and resulted in increased antiviral efficacy in the lungs of infected mice. Furthermore, the synergism between the two antivirals, which was consistent with the survival outcomes of combination therapy, indicated that favipiravir could serve as a critical agent of combination therapy for the control of oseltamivir-resistant strains. Our results provide new insight into the feasibility of favipiravir in combination therapy against oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilseob Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmoo Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woong Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Heo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Il Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Joon Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luck Ju Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, and the Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Huang P, Liang LJ, Huang ZZ, Zhang X, Yu SY, Su WZ, Ou CQ, Fang L, Cao DL, Zhang YH, Ke CW. A humoral immunity survey following the 2012 influenza season after the pH1N1 pandemic in Guangzhou, China. Viral Immunol 2014; 27:124-8. [PMID: 24702517 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2013.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to pathogenic surveillance data during the first half of 2012, the H3N2 influenza virus was prevalent in Guangdong, China, but no pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus was detected. This study aimed to measure the seroprevalence of pH1N1 and H3N2 infection following the influenza epidemic in 2012. We collected serum samples by stratified random sampling in a cross-sectional survey from August, 2012 to October, 2012. Antibody titers against H3N2, pH1N1, and influenza B antigens were measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, and age-specific seroprevalence and non-immunity were calculated. A total of 566 serum samples were collected from subjects who had not received an influenza vaccination. The seroprevalence of H3N2, pH1N1, and influenza B were 61.7%, 31.3%, and 40.4%, respectively, while non-immunity was calculated to be 9.2%, 40.6%, and 27.0%, respectively. The highest recorded seroprevalence was 86.0% for H3N2 in the 6-15 year age group, while the lowest was 14.6% for pH1N1 in the 60+ age group. Non-immunity fractions were 44.4% and 53.5% in the 0-6 and 60+ age groups, respectively. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of pH1N1 remained below 50% in all age groups following the 2012 influenza season. These data suggest that vaccination against pH1N1 antigens should be conducted, especially in the older age groups, before the next influenza season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- 1 Key Laboratory for Emergency Pathogen Detection , Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
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Zhong J, Liang L, Huang P, Zhu X, Zou L, Yu S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ni H, Yan J. Genetic mutations in influenza H3N2 viruses from a 2012 epidemic in Southern China. Virol J 2013; 10:345. [PMID: 24279698 PMCID: PMC4222568 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An influenza H3N2 epidemic occurred throughout Southern China in 2012. Methods We analyzed the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza H3N2 strains isolated between 2011–2012 from Guangdong. Mutation sites, evolutionary selection, antigenic sites, and N-glycosylation within these strains were analyzed. Results The 2011–2012 Guangdong strains contained the HA-A214S, HA-V239I, HA-N328S, NA-L81P, and NA-D93G mutations, similar to those seen in the A/ Perth/16/2009 influenza strain. The HA-NSS061–063 and NNS160–162 glycosylation sites were prevalent among the 2011–2012 Guangdong strains but the NA-NRS402–404 site was deleted. Antigenically, there was a four-fold difference between A/Perth/16/2009 -like strains and the 2011–2012 Guangdong strains. Conclusion Antigenic drift of the H3N2 subtype contributed to the occurrence of the Southern China influenza epidemic of 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Emergency Pathogen Detection, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
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