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Melikoki V, Kourlaba G, Kanavaki I, Fessatou S, Papaevangelou V. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C in Children Without Identifiable Risk-Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:e140-e148. [PMID: 33633077 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major public health burden for >30 years since its discovery. It is estimated that >80 million people have been already infected. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment is now approved for young children over the age of 3 years. Treating children before the development of high-risk behaviors is optimal. Thus, assessing the current epidemiology of HCV in children becomes important and may promote awareness. METHODS Articles describing the prevalence of hepatitis C in children, were systematically reviewed. To assess HCV infection prevalence in the general population, studies discussing high-risk groups alone were excluded. RESULTS Data from 58 studies were analyzed. National data was scarce. An overall prevalence of HCV in children of 0.87% was found, ranging from 0.34% in Europe to 3.02% in Africa. Prevalence of viremic infection is important and data synthesis from available data indicated that HCV viremia was detected in 56.8% of children. The prevalence of HCV according to sex was described in 25 studies but no difference between sexes was detected. HCV prevalence was significantly higher in children older than 10 years (0.97%) when compared to those ages under 10 years old (0.75%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Considering probable underdiagnosis of HCV infection in children, this information reveals that prevalence is substantial. One may argue that future strategies aiming towards HCV elimination, may need to include antiviral treatment of pre-adolescent children as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Kourlaba
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Athens
| | - Ino Kanavaki
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, University General Hospital ATTIKON, Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Fessatou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, University General Hospital ATTIKON, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Papaevangelou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, University General Hospital ATTIKON, Athens, Greece
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Gao J, Pei H, Xie H. Synergistic effects of organic fertilizer and corn straw on microorganisms of pepper continuous cropping soil in China. Bioengineered 2020; 11:1258-1268. [PMID: 33124497 PMCID: PMC8291890 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1840753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the large population, large demand, limited arable land and many environmental factors, continuous cropping have become a very common phenomenon in China. However, long-term continuous cropping has caused a series of serious soil-borne diseases, and the yield and quality of crops to drop, which seriously restricted the sustainable development of agricultural industry. Therefore, in order to improve the yield of pepper and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, it is essential to understand the effect of continuous cropping of pepper on soil microbial community composition and abundance. In this study, high throughput sequencing was used to study the effects of seven treatments of organic fertilizers and corn straw on soil microbial community and function of pepper continuous cropping. The results showed that the yield of all treatments was significantly higher than that of the control. The soil microbial diversity and community composition showed that Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were the most abundant phylum in all treatments. In conclusion, there were significant differences among the seven treatments and the treatment of fowl dung with corn straw was the best fertilizer combination to improve the yield and output value of pepper. Besides, the addition of fowl dung and corn straw not only can improve the community and functions of microorganisms, but also enhance the ability of disease resistance, and ultimately decrease the soil-borne diseases. The results will help to provide scientific basis for rational application of organic fertilizer and corn straw, and overcoming continuous cropping obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Gao
- Institute of Germplasm Resources, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hongxia Pei
- Institute of Germplasm Resources, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Institute of Germplasm Resources, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Fu P, Lv Y, Zhang H, Liu C, Wen X, Ma H, He T, Ke L, Wu B, Liu J, He M, Liao D, Wang J, Ness P, Liu Y, Shan H. Hepatitis C virus prevalence and incidence estimates among Chinese blood donors. Transfusion 2019; 59:2913-2921. [PMID: 31271469 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important transfusion-transmitted virus with global significance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the HCV prevalence and incidence among Chinese blood donors from 2013 to 2016. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Whole blood and apheresis platelet donations collected from five Chinese blood centers from June 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016, were screened in parallel by two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for anti-HIV 1/2, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV, and syphilis. Screening-reactive samples were further confirmed by western blot. Confirmatory positive rates among first-time and repeat donors were used to estimate the prevalence and incidence rates. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to examine factors associated with HCV infection. RESULTS A total of 1,276,544 donations were collected from five Chinese blood centers, of which an estimated 1203 were confirmed HCV positive. The overall HCV prevalence among first-time donors was 166.56 per 100,000 donors (95% confidence interval, 156.04-177.08). The HCV incidence rate was estimated to be 15.21 (95% confidence interval, 11.83-19.56) per 100,000 person-years among repeat donors. Multivariable logistic regression results showed that increased age, lower educational levels, ethnicity, and occupation were all important factors associated with HCV confirmatory status among first-time donors (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS HCV infection is still an important concern for transfusion safety in China. Our findings indicate that continued strong efforts are needed to monitor and control the risk of transfusion-transmitted HCV infection in China. Moreover, to reduce unnecessary donor loss, HCV donor screening procedures should be improved by incorporating confirmatory testing into routine blood center operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yunlai Lv
- Luoyang Blood Center, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | | | - Cunxv Liu
- Guangxi Blood Center, Liuzhou, P. R. China
| | | | - Hongli Ma
- Luoyang Blood Center, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Tao He
- Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ling Ke
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bingting Wu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miao He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liao
- Research Triangle Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jingxing Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Paul Ness
- Research Triangle Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hua Shan
- Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
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Gao Y, Yang J, Sun F, Zhan S, Fang Z, Liu X, Zhuang H. Prevalence of Anti-HCV Antibody Among the General Population in Mainland China Between 1991 and 2015: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz040. [PMID: 30863789 PMCID: PMC6408870 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to estimate the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among the general population in Mainland China. We searched 4 databases for studies of the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among the general population. Studies that met the selection criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Ninety-four studies with 10729 929 individuals were finally included. Overall, the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among the general population in Mainland China is 0.91% (95% confidence interval, 0.81%–1.03%). The prevalence rates of anti-HCV antibody were geographically different, with a range of 0.32%–6.51%, and the East and South of China had a relatively lower prevalence. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody increased successively from 0.16% to 3.95% with advancing age. It was noteworthy that the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody decreased continuously from 2.09% to 0.45% during 1991–2010, whereas it increased to 0.58% during 2011–2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongliao Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueen Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xiong J, Wang J, Huang J, Sun W, Wang J, Chen D. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver cirrhosis is increasing in China: a ten-year retrospective study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:563-8. [PMID: 26247669 PMCID: PMC4518765 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(08)06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about metabolic factors in cirrhotic patients in China. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the prevalence of both metabolic factors and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver cirrhosis in China. METHODS The medical records of 1,582 patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis from June 2003 to July 2013 at Daping Hospital (Chongqing, China) were retrospectively reviewed through a computer-generated search. RESULTS Serum hepatitis B virus surface antigen was present in 1,083 (68.5%) patients, and hepatitis B was found to be the only etiological factor in 938 (59.3%) of all patients. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension were observed in 229 (14.5%), 159 (10.1%), and 129 (8.2%) patients, respectively. From 2012-2013, the proportion of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver cirrhosis increased to 3.2%, whereas the average proportion of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver cirrhosis in the previous ten years was 1.9%. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was much higher in males than in females (6.3% vs. 3.7%, respectively, p=0.036). Obesity and diabetes mellitus did not significantly increase the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the whole cirrhotic group. The presence of hepatitis B virus was the only risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although hepatitis B virus remains the main etiology of liver cirrhosis in China, steatohepatitis-related liver cirrhosis is increasing in frequency. Hepatitis B virus was the sole significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in the whole cirrhotic group in the present study, in contrast to obesity and diabetes mellitus, for which only a trend of increased hepatocellular carcinoma was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xiong
- Third Military Medical University, Daping Hospital, Institute of Surgery Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Medical Team of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Third Military Medical University, Daping Hospital, Institute of Surgery Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Third Military Medical University, Daping Hospital, Institute of Surgery Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Third Military Medical University, Daping Hospital, Institute of Surgery Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Third Military Medical University, Daping Hospital, Institute of Surgery Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing, China
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
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