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Abd-Elrahman SM, Abdel-Rahman SM, Bakir HY, Othman RA, Khedr AA, Khalifa MM, Abdel-Hakeem SS. Genetic relatedness and diversity of Capillaria species infecting bayad (Bagrus bajad) in upper Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:235. [PMID: 38822316 PMCID: PMC11141003 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the genetic characteristics of Capillaria isolates from the infected fish, Bagrus bajad, and their relation to human Capillaria philippinensis using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) analysis. Fifteen fish Capillaria were isolated and compared to identified human C. philippinensis using six primers: M-are, M-1, G-7, G-11, G-15, and G-18. RESULTS All six primers successfully amplified DNA, highlighting their efficacy in distinguishing between human and fish Capillaria isolates. The analysis revealed distinctive banding patterns between fish and human isolates, with variations in size and number of DNA fragments. Additionally, genetic similarity analysis showed intriguing patterns of relatedness, with certain pairs exhibiting high similarity percentages. Comparative assessment of RAPD polymorphism demonstrated consistent findings of 100% polymorphism across all primers. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean Algorithm (UPGMA) evaluated the closest relationship between human and fish isolates. These results underscore the utility of RAPD analysis in delineating the genetic diversity among Capillaria isolates from different hosts. CONCLUSION Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the genetic variability and relatedness among Capillaria isolates, shedding light on their evolutionary dynamics and zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salma M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y Bakir
- Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Ragaa A Othman
- Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Khedr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, New Valley, El-Khargah, 72511, Egypt
| | - Mervat M Khalifa
- Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Sara S Abdel-Hakeem
- Parasitology Laboratory, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
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Rodrigues A, Beale M, Hagen F, Fisher M, Terra P, de Hoog S, Brilhante R, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco D, Rocha M, Sidrim J, de Camargo Z. The global epidemiology of emerging Histoplasma species in recent years. Stud Mycol 2020; 97:100095. [PMID: 33335607 PMCID: PMC7714791 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a serious infectious disease in humans caused by Histoplasma spp. (Onygenales), whose natural reservoirs are thought to be soil enriched with bird and bat guano. The true global burden of histoplasmosis is underestimated and frequently the pulmonary manifestations are misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Molecular data on epidemiology of Histoplasma are still scarce, even though there is increasing recognition of histoplasmosis in recent years in areas distant from the traditional endemic regions in the Americas. We used multi-locus sequence data from protein coding loci (ADP-ribosylation factor, H antigen precursor, and delta-9 fatty acid desaturase), DNA barcoding (ITS1/2+5.8s), AFLP markers and mating type analysis to determine the genetic diversity, population structure and recognise the existence of different phylogenetic species among 436 isolates of Histoplasma obtained globally. Our study describes new phylogenetic species and the molecular characteristics of Histoplasma lineages causing outbreaks with a high number of severe outcomes in Northeast Brazil between 2011 and 2015. Genetic diversity levels provide evidence for recombination, common ancestry and clustering of Brazilian isolates at different geographic scales with the emergence of LAm C, a new genotype assigned to a separate population cluster in Northeast Brazil that exhibited low diversity indicative of isolation. The global survey revealed that the high genetic variability among Brazilian isolates along with the presence of divergent cryptic species and/or genotypes may support the hypothesis of Brazil being the center of dispersion of Histoplasma in South America, possibly with the contribution of migratory hosts such as birds and bats. Outside Brazil, the predominant species depends on the region. We confirm that histoplasmosis has significantly broadened its area of occurrence, an important feature of emerging pathogens. From a practical point of view, our data point to the emergence of histoplasmosis caused by a plethora of genotypes, and will enable epidemiological analysis focused on understanding the processes that lead to histoplasmosis. Further, the description of this diversity opens avenues for comparative genomic studies, which will allow progress toward a consensus taxonomy, improve understanding of the presence of hybrids in natural populations of medically relevant fungi, test reproductive barriers and to explore the significance of this variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
- Correspondence: A.M. Rodrigues; Z.P. de Camargo
| | - M.A. Beale
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - F. Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - M.C. Fisher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P.P.D. Terra
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - S. de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R.S.N. Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R. de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - M.F.G. Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J.J.C. Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Z.P. de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
- Correspondence: A.M. Rodrigues; Z.P. de Camargo
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