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Melzer L, Freiman TM, Derouiche A. Rab6A as a Pan-Astrocytic Marker in Mouse and Human Brain, and Comparison with Other Glial Markers (GFAP, GS, Aldh1L1, SOX9). Cells 2021; 10:E72. [PMID: 33466322 PMCID: PMC7824777 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to many higher brain functions. A key mechanism in glia-to-neuron signalling is vesicular exocytosis; however, the identity of exocytosis organelles remains a matter of debate. Since vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) are not considered in this context, we studied the astrocyte TGN by immunocytochemistry applying anti-Rab6A. In mouse brain, Rab6A immunostaining is found to be unexpectedly massive, diffuse in all regions, and is detected preferentially and abundantly in the peripheral astrocyte processes, which is hardly evident without glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) co-staining. All cells positive for the astrocytic markers glutamine synthetase (GS), GFAP, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (Aldh1L1), or SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9) were Rab6A+. Rab6A is excluded from microglia, oligodendrocytes, and NG2 cells using cell type-specific markers. In human cortex, Rab6A labelling is very similar and associated with GFAP+ astrocytes. The mouse data also confirm the specific astrocytic labelling by Aldh1L1 or SOX9; the astrocyte-specific labelling by GS sometimes debated is replicated again. In mouse and human brain, individual astrocytes display high variability in Rab6A+ structures, suggesting dynamic regulation of the glial TGN. In summary, Rab6A expression is an additional, global descriptor of astrocyte identity. Rab6A might constitute an organelle system with a potential role of Rab6A in neuropathological and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Melzer
- Institute of Anatomy II, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Thomas M. Freiman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rostock University Medical Center, D-18055 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Amin Derouiche
- Institute of Anatomy II, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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Yang S, Dizhoor A, Wilson DJ, Adamus G. GCAP1, Rab6, and HSP27: Novel Autoantibody Targets in Cancer-Associated Retinopathy and Autoimmune Retinopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2016; 5:1. [PMID: 27152249 PMCID: PMC4855477 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Autoantibodies (AAbs) with different retinal specificities were reported in cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) and autoimmune retinopathy (AR). The goal was to identify the small retinal proteins of apparent molecular mass of 23-kDa often recognized by patients' AAbs. METHODS Sera specific for a 23-kDa retinal protein of 173 patients were investigated retrospectively by Western blotting and double immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. A proteomic analysis revealed new 23-kDa protein candidates, including guanylyl cyclase-activating proteins (GCAPs), heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), and Rab6A GTPase (Rab6A). RESULTS Among the cohort of 173 patients, only 68 had anti-recoverin AAbs and the remaining 105 reacted with 4 unique proteins, which were identified as a Rab6A, HSP27, GCAP1, and GCAP2. Confocal images from a double labeling study confirmed the reactivity of AAbs with different types of cells in human retina, consistent with the target protein's respective cellular functions. Patients (62/173) had been diagnosed with various kinds of cancer, including 20% of patients who had anti-recoverin, 11% anti-Rab6A, and 5% anti-HSP27 AAbs. Only 50% of recoverin-seropositive patients had cancer and the individuals with anti-recoverin AAbs had a significantly higher likelihood to be diagnosed with cancer than patients with other anti-23-kDa AAbs. CONCLUSIONS The newly discovered retinal autoantigens may be involved in pathogenicity of CAR and AR. The recognition of AAbs against various retinal proteins associated with autoimmune retinal degeneration broadens the group of proteins related with these entities. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Patients with anti-recoverin, anti-GCAP1, anti-Rab6A, and anti-HSP27 AAbs represented diverse clinical phenotypes, so the presence of disease-associated AAbs provides important information for molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - David J Wilson
- Casey Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Casey Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Yang XZ, Li XX, Zhang YJ, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Xiang MQ, Wang HY, Zheng XFS. Rab1 in cell signaling, cancer and other diseases. Oncogene 2016; 35:5699-5704. [PMID: 27041585 PMCID: PMC5396462 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi membrane system have major roles in cell signaling and regulation of the biosynthesis/transport of proteins and lipids in response to environmental cues such as amino acid and cholesterol levels. Rab1 is the founding member of the Rab small GTPase family, which is known to mediate dynamic membrane trafficking between ER and Golgi. Growing evidence indicate that Rab1 proteins have important functions beyond their classical vesicular transport functions, including nutrient sensing and signaling, cell migration and presentation of cell-surface receptors. Moreover, deregulation of RAB1 expression has been linked to a myriad of human diseases such as cancer, cardiomyopathy and Parkinson's disease. Further investigating these new physiological and pathological functions of Rab1 should provide new opportunities for better understanding of the disease processes and may lead to more effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Z Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - X-X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y-J Zhang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M-Q Xiang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H-Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - X F S Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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