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Misevic G, Checiu I, Popescu O. Glyconectin Cell Adhesion Epitope, β-d-Glc pNAc3S-(1→3)-α-l-Fuc p, Is Involved in Blastulation of Lytechinus pictus Sea Urchin Embryos. Molecules 2021; 26:4012. [PMID: 34209220 PMCID: PMC8271808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans, as the most peripheral cell surface components, are the primary candidates to mediate the initial steps of cell recognition and adhesion via glycan-glycan binding. This molecular mechanism was quantitatively demonstrated by biochemical and biophysical measurements at the cellular and molecular level for the glyconectin 1 β-d-GlcpNAc3S-(1→3)-α-l-Fucp glycan structure (GN1). The use of adhesion blocking monoclonal antibody Block 2 that specifically recognize this epitope showed that, besides Porifera, human colon carcinoma also express this structure in the apical glycocalyx. Here we report that Block 2 selectively immune-precipitate a Mr 580 × 103 (g580) acidic non-glycosaminoglycan glycan from the total protein-free glycans of Lytechinus pictus sea urchin hatched blastula embryos. Immuno-fluorescence confocal light microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy localized the GN1 structure in the apical lamina glycocalyx attachments of ectodermal cells microvilli, and in the Golgi complex. Biochemical and immune-chemical analyses showed that the g580 glycan is carrying about 200 copies of the GN1 epitope. This highly polyvalent g580 glycan is one of the major components of the glycocalyx structure, maximally expressed at hatched blastula and gastrula. The involvement of g580 GN1 epitope in hatched blastula cell adhesion was demonstrated by: (1) enhancement of cell aggregation by g580 and sponge g200 glycans, (2) inhibition of cell reaggregation by Block 2, (3) dissociation of microvilli from the apical lamina matrix by the loss of its gel-like structure resulting in a change of the blastula embryonal form and consequent inhibition of gastrulation at saturating concentration of Block 2, and (4) aggregation of beads coated with the immune-purified g580 protein-free glycan. These results, together with the previous atomic force microscopy measurements of GN1 binding strength, indicated that this highly polyvalent and calcium ion dependent glycan-glycan binding can provide the force of 40 nanonewtons per single ectodermal cell association of microvilli with the apical lamina, and conservation of glycocalyx gel-like structure. This force can hold the weight of 160,000 cells in sea water, thus it is sufficient to establish, maintain and preserve blastula form after hatching, and prior to the complete formation of further stabilizing basal lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gradimir Misevic
- Research and Development, Gimmune GmbH, Baarerstrasse 12, 6302 Zug, Switzerland
- LIBO Medicine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 78 Dongsheng West Road, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Iacob Checiu
- Gynatal, Assisted Reproduction Center, Str. Protopop George Dragomir 1, 300229 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Popescu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Molecular Biology Center, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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Ghazarian H, Coyle-Thompson C, Dalrymple W, Hutchins-Carroll V, Metzenberg S, Razinia Z, Carroll EJ, Oppenheimer SB. Exogenous hyalin and sea urchin gastrulation. Part IV: a direct adhesion assay - progress in identifying hyalin's active sites. ZYGOTE 2010; 18:17-26. [PMID: 19500445 PMCID: PMC2817981 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199409005498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In Strongylocentrotus purpuratus the hyalins are a set of three to four rather large glycoproteins (hereafter referred to as 'hyalin'), which are the major constituents of the hyaline layer, the developing sea urchin embryo's extracellular matrix. Recent research from our laboratories has shown that hyalin is a cell adhesion molecule involved in sea urchin embryo-specific cellular interactions. Other laboratories have shown it to consist of 2-3% carbohydrate and a cloned, sequenced fragment demonstrated repeat domains (HYR) and non-repeat regions. Interest in this molecule has increased because HYR has been identified in organisms as diverse as bacteria, flies, worms, mice and humans, as well as sea urchins. Our laboratories have shown that hyalin appears to mediate a specific cellular interaction that has interested investigators for over a century, archenteron elongation/attachment to the blastocoel roof. We have shown this finding by localizing hyalin on the two components of the cellular interaction and by showing that hyalin and anti-hyalin antibody block the cellular interaction using a quantitative microplate assay. The microplate assay, however, has limitations because it does not directly assess hyalin's effects on the adhesion of the two components of the interaction. Here we have used an elegant direct assay that avoids the limitations, in which we microdissected the two components of the adhesive interaction and tested their re-adhesion to each other, thereby avoiding possible factors in the whole embryos that could confound or confuse results. Using both assays, we found that mild periodate treatment (6 h to 24 h in sodium acetate buffer with 0.2 M sodium periodate at 4 degrees C in the dark) of hyalin eliminates its ability to block the cellular interaction, suggesting that the carbohydrate component(s) may be involved in hyalin's specific adhesive function. This first step is important in identifying the molecular mechanisms of a well known cellular interaction in the NIH-designated sea urchin embryo model, a system that has led to the discovery of scores of physiological mechanisms, including those involved in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haike Ghazarian
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA; ; ; , ; ;
| | - Catherine Coyle-Thompson
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA; ; ; , ; ;
| | - William Dalrymple
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA; ; ; , ; ;
| | - Virginia Hutchins-Carroll
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA; ; ; , ; ;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA;
| | - Stan Metzenberg
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA; ; ; , ; ;
| | - Ziba Razinia
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Edward J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA;
| | - Steven B. Oppenheimer
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA; ; ; , ; ;
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Carroll EJ, Hutchins-Carroll V, Coyle-Thompson C, Oppenheimer SB. Hyalin is a cell adhesion molecule involved in mediating archenteron-blastocoel roof attachment. Acta Histochem 2008; 110:265-75. [PMID: 18262230 PMCID: PMC2575228 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The US National Institutes of Health has designated the sea urchin embryo as a model organism because around 25 discoveries in this system have led to insights into the physiology of higher organisms, including humans. Hyalin is a large glycoprotein in the hyaline layer of sea urchin embryos that functions to maintain general adhesive relationships in the developing embryo. It consists of the hyalin repeat domain that has been identified in organisms as diverse as bacteria, worms, flies, mice, sea urchins and humans. Here we show, using a polyclonal antibody raised against the 11.6 S species of hyalin, that it localizes at the tip of the archenteron and on the roof of the blastocoel exactly where these two structures bond in an adhesive interaction that has been of interest for over a century. In addition, the antibody blocks the interaction between the archenteron tip and blastocoel roof. These results, in addition to other recent findings from this laboratory that will be discussed, suggest that hyalin is involved in mediating this cellular interaction. This is the first demonstration that suggests that hyalin functions as a cell adhesion molecule in many organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA email
| | - Virginia Hutchins-Carroll
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA: email ; ;
| | - Catherine Coyle-Thompson
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA: email ; ;
| | - Steven B. Oppenheimer
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA: email ; ;
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