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Castro PL, Ferraz ALJ, Patil JG, Ribeiro RP. Use of melatonin as an inhibitor of apoptotic process for cryopreservation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e241081. [PMID: 34105654 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.241081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the use of melatonin to arrest the effects of apoptosis in vitrified zebrafish (D. rerio) embryos. Dechorionated embryos at 22-24 somite-stage were divided (n = 60/treatment) into a non-vitrified (Control Group, 0 M melatonin) and vitrified treatments with 0 M (T1), 1 µM (T2) and 1 mM of melatonin (T3). For vitrified treatments, a solution methanol/propylene glycol based was used and the embryos stored in -196 °C for a week. After thaw, survival rate, scanning electron microscopy, expression of anti (bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (bax/caspase-3) genes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and DNA fragmentation analyses were performed. No live embryos were obtained from vitrified treatments, observing a rapid degeneration immediately after thawing, with the vitelline layer rupture and leakage of its content, followed by breakdown of epithelial cells and melanisation of the tissue. Regarding the apoptotic process, T3 had the highest relative gene expression, for the three genes (P < 0.05) furthermore, T2 had similar expression of pro-apoptotic genes to CG (P < 0.05). ROS formation revealed that CG presented lower percentage of embryo surface area affected (3.80 ± 0.40%) (P < 0.05), in contrast, no differences were found among the other groups. T1 was most significantly (P < 0.05) damaged by DNA fragmentation. The vitrified groups with melatonin had similar damage levels of CG (P > 0.05). The inclusion of 1 µM of melatonin in the vitrifying solution, countered the effects of apoptotic process in post-thaw embryos, suggesting its utility in cryopreserving fish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Departamento de Zootecnia, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - A L J Ferraz
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Aquidauana, MS, Brasil
| | - J G Patil
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Center, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - R P Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Departamento de Zootecnia, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Costa RDS, Capuzzo CDS, Ribeiro CDS, Verissimo-Silveira R, Siqueira-Silva DHD, Senhorini JA, Ninhaus-Silveira A. Morphological evaluation of Prochilodus lineatus embryos after vitrification-thawing in high-osmolarity cryoprotectant solution. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1353-1358. [PMID: 30011097 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to vitrify embryos of Prochilodus lineatus in a high-osmolarity cryoprotectant solution, evaluating, after the vitrification-thawing process, their morphological changes. Thus, 240 embryos in the 20-somite phase (20S) were exposed for 20 min to one main internal cryoprotectant solution (1,2-propanediol-PROP), divided into four immersion sequence steps of five minutes each. The first three steps were performed in solutions containing only a main internal cryoprotectant (PROP-2, 3 and 4 M), and the fourth step in a high-osmolarity solution combining internal (PROP + dimethyl sulphoxide-Me2 SO) and external cryoprotectants (sucrose-SUC). The final concentration of vitrification was PROP 5 M + Me2 SO 5 M + SUC 0.2 M. During vitrification, the straws exhibited a translucent solid appearance; however, during thawing, their structure became totally opaque and white. After thawing, the embryos suffered an increase in volume and presented morphological changes including protrusions on the surface of the yolk sac, yolk sac rupture, and optical vesicle degradation. On the inside, we observed intercellular spaces and a yolk syncytial layer (YSL) with altered chromatin. Yet, structures such as somites, neural tube, endoderm and epidermis presented cells with a nucleus and integral mitochondria. We conclude that the use of the tested cryoprotectant solution permits the formation of a vitreous solid and preserves part of the cells of the blastoderm. Yet, the heating protocol does not control recrystallization, resulting in the formation of serious morphological anomalies that prevent the preservation of the embryonic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael da Silva Costa
- Department of Biology and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Ilha Solteira, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Caio de Souza Capuzzo
- Department of Biology and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - Cristiele da Silva Ribeiro
- Department of Biology and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - Rosicleire Verissimo-Silveira
- Department of Biology and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | | | - José Augusto Senhorini
- National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Fish at the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation - CEPTA/ICMBio, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Marques LS, Fossati AA, Leal MS, Rodrigues RB, Bombardelli RA, Streit DP. Viability assessment of primary growth oocytes following ovarian tissue vitrification of neotropical teleost pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Cryobiology 2018; 82:118-123. [PMID: 29596843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitrification of ovarian tissue containing immature oocytes provides an important tool for protecting the endangered species and genetic diversity in aquatic species. Therefore, the main objective was to assess primary growth (PG) oocytes viability following ovarian tissue vitrification using histological analysis, two staining protocols (trypan blue or fluorescein diacetate combined with propidium iodide) and mitochondrial activity assay (MTT assay). In addition, oocyte histomorphometry was performed to evaluate the morphometric parameters after vitrification and the relationship with the occurrence of damage (nucleus and/or membrane) in PG oocytes. There was no significant difference among the vitrified oocytes using trypan blue dye or FDA + IP staining. Oocyte viability assessed using histological analysis showed that vitrification solution 2.0 M Me2SO + 2.5 M etilenoglycol +0.5 M sucrose (VS3; 66.43 ± 4.68%) and 1.5 M methanol + 5.5 M Me2SO + 0.5 M sucrose (VS5; 74.14 ± 3.71%) had the lowest viability rate. Similar results were observed in MTT assay where VS3 (1.63 ± 0.12) and VS5 (1.58 ± 0.09) had the lowest averages when compare with VS1 (2.39 ± 0.14), VS2 (1.78 ± 0.06) and VS4 (2.34 ± 0.19) (P = 0.0002). In membrane damage evaluation by histology, there was no difference among vitrified oocytes and control. However, the highest percentages of nucleus damage were observed in treatments VS3 (26.00 ± 5.55) and VS5 (26.00 ± 5.55). Oocyte diameter did not change after vitrification; however, nucleus diameter was significantly higher in control group (49.03 ± 1.07). Oocyte viability by histological analysis was positive-correlated to the occurrence of nucleus (r2 = 0.78) and membrane (r2 = 0.45) damage after vitrification/warming. The high viability of PG oocytes obtained after ovarian tissue vitrification of Piaractus mesopotamicus suggests that the protocol applied here might be used successfully in other teleost species for food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lis S Marques
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana A Fossati
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Martinha S Leal
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rômulo B Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robie A Bombardelli
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Instituto de Pesquisa em Aqüicultura Ambiental (InPAA), 85900-030, Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - Danilo P Streit
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
SummaryThis study investigated and analysed survival, growth and macro- and microscopic damage during the development of zebrafish embryos up to the adult stage after undergoing cooling. The embryos at 50% epiboly stage were selected, submerged in cryoprotectant solution of methanol and sucrose, cooled gradually to 0 ± 2°C temperature, and divided into two groups with different storage times (6 and 18 h). Subsequently, the embryos were reheated, rehydrated and incubated normally. The experiment lasted 5 months and, from hatching onward, the larvae were examined, collected and processed at pre-established time intervals. The hatching rate was significantly higher for the larvae stored for 18 h compared with the 6-h group. However, embryos from this group gave rise to a larger number of malformations, and these were much more severe compared with those in the 6 h group, which led to a higher mortality in the long term. Regarding larval length, the animals of the 6 h group had higher mean total length compared with the 18 h group, but both treatments were inferior to the control. Numerous macro- and microscopic malformations were observed and, in both treatments, only the morphologically normal individuals were able to develop to the adult stage, with organ development similar to the control, except for the gonads that were still undifferentiated in treated animals.
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Costa RS, Souza FMSD, Senhorini JA, Veríssimo-Silveira R, Ninhaus-Silveira A. Effects of cryoprotectants and low temperatures on hatching and abnormal embryo development of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of the cryoprotectants and the low temperatures on the embryonic development of Prochilodus lineatus, describing their main morphological alterations. On chilling sensitivity test, the survival rates at the twenty somites stage (20S) were 53.6% at 0ºC, and 100% in 5ºC. To test toxicity, the embryos were exposed to a graded series of 1,2-Propanediol (PROP), dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO4) and glycerol (GLY), terminating in a solution of high osmolarity. There was no significant difference in the embryos survival of toxicity test between series of PROP and Me2SO4 in the 6S and 20S. In the cooling protocols, were evaluated the effects of low temperature associated with cryoprotectants. At 5ºC, PROP showed survival rates above 75% in the gastrula stage (G) and above 90% in the 6S and 20S stages. High rates of abnormalities were observed, and the most recurrent were: small bodies, fins presenting uncontrolled cell growth, membrane rupture, and retraction. These results demonstrate the need to use cryoprotectant solutions, even when there is no ice nucleation, and, on the other hand, shows that high cryoprotectant concentrations promote numerous morphological lesions, compromising normal embryonic development.
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Martínez-Páramo S, Horváth Á, Labbé C, Zhang T, Robles V, Herráez P, Suquet M, Adams S, Viveiros A, Tiersch TR, Cabrita E. Cryobanking of aquatic species. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 472:156-177. [PMID: 29276317 PMCID: PMC5737826 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the applications of genome cryobanking of aquatic species including freshwater and marine fish, as well as invertebrates. It also reviews the latest advances in cryobanking of model species, widely used by the scientific community worldwide, because of their applications in several fields. The state of the art of cryopreservation of different cellular types (sperm, oocytes, embryos, somatic cells and primordial germ cells or early spermatogonia) is discussed focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure according to different applications. A special review on the need of standardization of protocols has also been carried out. In summary, this comprehensive review provides information on the practical details of applications of genome cryobanking in a range of aquatic species worldwide, including the cryobanks established in Europe, USA, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, the species and type of cells that constitute these banks and the utilization of the samples preserved. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE This review compiles the last advances on germplasm cryobanking of freshwater and marine fish species and invertebrates, with high value for commercial aquaculture or conservation. It is reviewed the most promising cryopreservation protocols for different cell types, embryos and larvae that could be applied in programs for genetic improvement, broodstock management or conservation of stocks to guarantee culture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Martínez-Páramo
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Catherine Labbé
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa Robles
- IEO, Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Santander Oceanographic Centre, El Bocal, Barrio Corbanera s/n Bocal, 39012 Monte, Santander, Spain
| | - Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology and INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Marc Suquet
- IFREMER, PFOM Dept, Stn Expt Argenton, UMR, 6539 Argenton, France
| | - Serean Adams
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Private Bag 3123, Ruakura, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Ana Viveiros
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Paes MDCF, da Silva RC, do Nascimento NF, Valentin FN, Senhorini JA, Nakaghi LSO. Hatching, survival and deformities of piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) embryos subjected to different cooling protocols. Cryobiology 2014; 69:451-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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