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Park K, Putra HA, Yoshida S, Yamashita F, Kawaguchi A. Uniformly positive or negative correlation of cerebral gray matter regions with driving safety behaviors of healthy older drivers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:206. [PMID: 38167857 PMCID: PMC10762062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between cerebral gray matter (GM) regions and driving safety behaviors (DSBs) of 98 older drivers without dementia (mean age, 77.72 ± 3.677 years). Their DSBs were evaluated on actual vehicles running on a closed-circuit course. The DSB was scored in six categories: DSB1, visual search behavior; DSB2, speeding; DSB3, signaling of the indicator; DSB4, vehicle stability; DSB5, positioning; and DSB6, steering. The scores were calculated by a single driving instructor; larger scores indicated safer driving performances. Regional GM volumes were measured with voxel-based morphometry by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Out of 56 GM regions, 18 were correlated with DSB categories except for DSB4. When a single GM region was correlated with multiple DSB categories, a positive or negative response was uniformly determined for the respective region despite clear differences in the DSB categories. This result suggests the possible existence of two contradictory mechanisms in the brain for DSB. The left postcentral gyrus may largely function in regulating DSBs because it was negatively correlated with five of six DSB categories. Thus, MRI's measurement of regional GM volumes may help deepen the understanding of the diversity and complexity inherent in brain functions for DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaechang Park
- Traffic Medicine Laboratory, Research Organization for Regional Alliance, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi Tosayamada, Kami-Shi, Kochi, 782-0003, Japan.
| | - Handityo Aulia Putra
- School of Information, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi Tosayamada, Kami-Shi, Kochi, 782-0003, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshida
- School of Information, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi Tosayamada, Kami-Shi, Kochi, 782-0003, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamashita
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori, Yahaba-Cho, Shiwa-Gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Education and Research Center for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
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Igarashi T, Umeda-Kameyama Y, Kojima T, Akishita M, Nihei M. Questionnaires for the Assessment of Cognitive Function Secondary to Intake Interviews in In-Hospital Work and Development and Evaluation of a Classification Model Using Acoustic Features. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115346. [PMID: 37300072 DOI: 10.3390/s23115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The number of people with dementia is increasing each year, and early detection allows for early intervention and treatment. Since conventional screening methods are time-consuming and expensive, a simple and inexpensive screening is expected. We created a standardized intake questionnaire with thirty questions in five categories and used machine learning to categorize older adults with moderate and mild dementia and mild cognitive impairment, based on speech patterns. To evaluate the feasibility of the developed interview items and the accuracy of the classification model based on acoustic features, 29 participants (7 males and 22 females) aged 72 to 91 years were recruited with the approval of the University of Tokyo Hospital. The MMSE results showed that 12 participants had moderate dementia with MMSE scores of 20 or less, 8 participants had mild dementia with MMSE scores between 21 and 23, and 9 participants had MCI with MMSE scores between 24 and 27. As a result, Mel-spectrogram generally outperformed MFCC in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score in all classification tasks. The multi-classification using Mel-spectrogram achieved the highest accuracy of 0.932, while the binary classification of moderate dementia and MCI group using MFCC achieved the lowest accuracy of 0.502. The FDR was generally low for all classification tasks, indicating a low rate of false positives. However, the FNR was relatively high in some cases, indicating a higher rate of false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Igarashi
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Yumi Umeda-Kameyama
- Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taro Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Misato Nihei
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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Miyazaki A, Ito Y, Okuyama T, Mori H, Sato K, Ichiki M, Hiyama A, Dinet J, Nouchi R. Association between upper limb movements during drumming and cognition in older adults with cognitive impairment and dementia at a nursing home: a pilot study. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2023; 4:1079781. [PMID: 37347105 PMCID: PMC10281057 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1079781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the association between motor dysfunction and dementia, quantitative assessment of dementia-related specific motor dysfunction in patients with severe dementia is difficult. Thus, this study aimed to develop a new method to measure upper limb motor function in people with dementia. Methods We examined the relationship between dementia severity and dementia-related specific motor dysfunction using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a dementia screening test. Participants comprised 16 nursing home residents with a mean age of 86 years and MMSE score of 14.56 (range, 1-23) Points. Participants were seated in a circle and instructed to play a drum that was placed in their lap using mallets (drumsticks) in their dominant hand. Acceleration and gyroscopic sensors were attached to their wrists to collect data on arm movements while drumming. Upper limb motor characteristics were confirmed by recording acceleration and arm movement during drumming and analyzing the correlation with handgrip strength. Results Handgrip strength was correlated with arm elevation angle during drumming. The arm elevation angle displayed a significant regression equation with the MMSE score and showed the best regression equation along with handgrip strength (adjusted R2 = 0.6035, p = 0.0009). Conclusion We developed a new method using drums to measure upper limb motor function in people with dementia. We also verified that the average arm elevation angle during drumming could predict cognitive dysfunction. This system may be used to monitor people with dementia in a simple and safe way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Miyazaki
- Information Somatics Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Computational Engineering Applications Unit, Head Office for Information Systems and Cybersecurity, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Okuyama
- Information Somatics Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiko Ichiki
- Student and Staff Health Support Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hiyama
- Information Somatics Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for the Promotion of Social Data Science Education and Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerome Dinet
- 2LPN (Laboratoire Lorrain de Psychologie et Neurosciences de la Dynamique des Comportements), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Oba H, Park K, Yamashita F, Sato S. Parietal and occipital leukoaraiosis due to cerebral ischaemic lesions decrease the driving safety performance of healthy older adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21436. [PMID: 36509860 PMCID: PMC9744831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukoaraiosis, a common ischaemic lesion diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can influence driving safety performance (DSP). Most older drivers with leukoaraiosis are unaware of their affliction. Japan is a super-aged country, where preventing accidents caused by older drivers is an urgent national issue. We investigated the subcortical and periventricular leukoaraiosis regions that were most involved in DSP decline. The driving skills of 101 drivers (49 men, 52 women; mean age, 77.88 ± 3.77 years) without dementia were assessed by official driving instructors, using actual vehicles on a closed-circuit course. Parietal and occipital (but not frontal or temporal) leukoaraiosis volumes were significantly correlated with decreased DSP scores regardless of age, especially when turning right at intersections, which needs more attention than turning left because left-side driving is legally enforced in Japan. Occipital leukoaraiosis was also involved via a decline in dynamic visual cognitive function. MRI-based assessment of leukoaraiosis volume and localisation may enable the identification of older drivers prone to DSP deterioration. Risk factors for leukoaraiosis include smoking and lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension. Thus, brain healthcare in patients with MRI-diagnosed leukoaraiosis may be particularly useful for the risk management of traffic accidents caused by the elderly in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Oba
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 Japan
| | - Kaechang Park
- grid.440900.90000 0004 0607 0085Traffic Medicine Laboratory, Research Organization for Regional Alliance, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi Tosayamada-Cho, Kami, Kochi 782-0003 Japan
| | - Fumio Yamashita
- grid.411790.a0000 0000 9613 6383Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-Cho, Shiwa-Gun, Iwate, 028-3694 Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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Effect of the Intake of Brown Rice for Six Months on the Cognitive Function in Healthy Elderly Persons: A Study Protocol for a Pilot, Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4040078. [PMID: 34842782 PMCID: PMC8628973 DOI: 10.3390/mps4040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional components of brown rice have been reported to be effective against diabetes mellitus. Recent animal studies have suggested that it is also effective in maintaining cognitive function. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of a brown rice diet on cognitive function in individuals aged over 60 years. The study participants were recruited from a pool of individuals aged ≥60 years who were using elderly care facilities. The participants were provided with four servings of brown or white rice per week for 6 months, and their cognitive function was measured before and after the intervention period. Prior to the intervention, participants tasted the white and brown rice to determine which type they would like to be offered over the 6-month period. Since rice is the staple food of the participants in this study, they were allowed to decide whether they wanted to eat white or brown rice.
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Yamazaki R, Kase H, Nishio S, Ishiguro H. Anxiety Reduction Through Close Communication with Robotic Media in Dementia Patients and Healthy Older Adults. JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS AND MECHATRONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.20965/jrm.2020.p0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent research on android robotic media with a focus on its effects on older adults and to present a discussion on the implications of the experimental results. Social isolation of older adults is a leading issue in healthcare. Patients with dementia experience symptoms, such as agitation, which can result in increasing care burden. Android robotic media have been shown to provide a feeling of safety and communication support to older adults. In previous case studies, an increase in prosocial behaviors was observed in participants with dementia; however, the media effects needed to be measured by assessment scales. The current results indicate the effects of robotic media on dementia symptoms, especially the decrease in patients’ anxiety. As demonstrated in another experiment, anxiety reduction can also be expected in healthy older adults; however, certain conditions may be required for both healthy older adults and those with dementia. Key factors for the media effect, namely, dementia type, user’s personality, and personalized dialogue are taken into consideration for the further development of robotic systems. Additionally, we further discuss the significance of long-term data collection, especially from the early life stages because teleoperation or autonomous systems are expected to utilize information that can affect the effect of robotic media.
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