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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Structural genomic variants have emerged as a relevant cause for several disorders, including intellectual disability, neuropsychiatric disorders, cancer and congenital heart disease. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge about the involvement of structural genomic variants and, in particular, copy number variants in the development of thoracic aortic and aortic valve disease. RECENT FINDINGS There is a growing interest in the identification of structural variants in aortopathy. Copy number variants identified in thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections, bicuspid aortic valve related aortopathy, Williams-Beuren syndrome and Turner syndrome are discussed in detail. Most recently, the first inversion disrupting FBN1 has been reported as a cause for Marfan syndrome. SUMMARY During the past 15 years, the knowledge on the role of copy number variants as a cause for aortopathy has grown significantly, which is partially due to the development of novel technologies including next-generation sequencing. Although copy number variants are now often investigated on a routine basis in diagnostic laboratories, more complex structural variants such as inversions, which require the use of whole genome sequencing, are still relatively new to the field of thoracic aortic and aortic valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephina A.N. Meester
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Hebert
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart L. Loeys
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Rodrigues Bento J, Meester J, Luyckx I, Peeters S, Verstraeten A, Loeys B. The Genetics and Typical Traits of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:223-253. [PMID: 36044906 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-111521-104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and risk factors such as hypertension and smoking can instigate the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), which can lead to highly lethal aortic wall dissection and/or rupture. Monogenic defects in multiple genes involved in the elastin-contractile unit and the TGFβ signaling pathway have been associated with TAA in recent years, along with several genetic modifiers and risk-conferring polymorphisms. Advances in omics technology have also provided significant insights into the processes behind aortic wall degeneration: inflammation, epigenetics, vascular smooth muscle phenotype change and depletion, reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and angiotensin signaling dysregulation. These recent advances and findings might pave the way for a therapy that is capable of stopping and perhaps even reversing aneurysm progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jotte Rodrigues Bento
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Josephina Meester
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Ilse Luyckx
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; .,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Peeters
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Aline Verstraeten
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Bart Loeys
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; .,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Tracking an Elusive Killer: State of the Art of Molecular-Genetic Knowledge and Laboratory Role in Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081785. [PMID: 35892496 PMCID: PMC9329974 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main challenge in diagnosing and managing thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAA/D) is represented by the early detection of a disease that is both deadly and “elusive”, as it generally grows asymptomatically prior to rupture, leading to death in the majority of cases. Gender differences exist in aortic dissection in terms of incidence and treatment options. Efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that may help in early diagnosis and in detecting those patients at a higher risk of developing life-threatening complications. As soon as the hereditability of the TAA/D was demonstrated, several genetic factors were found to be associated with both the syndromic and non-syndromic forms of the disease, and they currently play a role in patient diagnosis/prognosis and management-guidance purposes. Likewise, circulating biomarker could represent a valuable resource in assisting the diagnosis, and several studies have attempted to identify specific molecules that may help with risk stratification outside the emergency department. Even if promising, those data lack specificity/sensitivity, and, in most cases, they need more testing before entering the “clinical arena”. This review summarizes the state of the art of the laboratory in TAA/D diagnostics, with particular reference to the current and future role of molecular-genetic testing.
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4
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Update on the molecular landscape of thoracic aortic aneurysmal disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2022; 37:201-211. [PMID: 35175228 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAADs) are a major health problem in the Western population. This review summarises recent discoveries in the genetic landscape of TAAD disease, discusses current challenges in clinical practice, and describes the molecular road ahead in TAAD research. Disorders, in which aneurysmal disease is not observed in the thoracic aorta, are not discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Current gene discovery studies have pinpointed about 40 genes associated with TAAD risk, accounting for about 30% of the patients. Importantly, novel genes, and their subsequent functional characterisation, have expanded the knowledge on disease-related pathways providing crucial information on key elements in this disease, and it pinpoints new therapeutic targets. Moreover, current molecular evidence also suggests the existence of less monogenic nature of TAAD disease, in which the presentation of a diseased patient is most likely influenced by a multitude of genetic and environmental factors. SUMMARY CLINICAL PRACTICE/RELEVANCE Ongoing molecular genetic research continues to expand our understanding on the pathomechanisms underlying TAAD disease in order to improve molecular diagnosis, optimise risk stratification, advance therapeutic strategies and facilitate counselling of TAAD patients and their families.
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Yi X, Zhou Y, Zheng H, Wang L, Xu T, Fu C, Su X. Prognostic targets recognition of rectal adenocarcinoma based on transcriptomics. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25909. [PMID: 34397867 PMCID: PMC8360489 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common cancer around the world. In this study, we chose a bioinformatics analysis method based on network analysis to dig out the pathological mechanism and key prognostic targets of rectal adenocarcinoma (READ).In this study, we downloaded the clinical information data and transcriptome data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differentially expressed genes analysis was used to identify the differential expressed genes in READ. Community discovery algorithm analysis and Correlation analysis between gene modules and clinical data were performed to mine the key modules related to tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. Genetic significance (GS) analysis and PageRank algorithm analysis were applied for find key genes in the key module. Finally, the importance of these genes was confirmed by survival analysis.Transcriptome datasets of 165 cancer tissue samples and 9 paracancerous tissue samples were selected. Gene coexpression networks were constructed, multilevel algorithm was used to divide the gene coexpression network into 11 modules. From GO enrichment analysis, module 11 significantly associated with clinical characteristic N, T, and event, mainly involved in 2 types of biological processes which were highly related to tumor metastasis, invasion, and tumor microenvironment regulation: cell development and differentiation; the development of vascular and nervous systems. Based on the results of survival analysis, 7 key genes were found negatively correlated to the survival rate of READ, such as MMP14, SDC2, LAMC1, ELN, ACTA2, ZNF532, and CYBRD1.Our study found that these key genes were predicted playing an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis, and being associated with the prognosis of READ. This may provide some new potential therapeutic targets and thoughts for the prognosis of READ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Yi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanyu Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luoying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Jilin Prochance Precision Medicine Experimental Center & Jilin Prochance Biomedical Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, and National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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6
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LncRNA Xist induces arterial smooth muscle cell apoptosis in thoracic aortic aneurysm through miR-29b-3p/Eln pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111163. [PMID: 33761588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious disease usually happening in elder people and with high death rate. Accumulating studies have reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the progression of various human diseases, including TAA. AIM In our study, we intended to explore the function of elastin (Eln) and its upstream mechanism in TAA. METHODS RT-qPCR determined gene expressions and western blot tested changes in protein levels. Ang Ⅱ treatment was implemented to induce cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis, TUNEL assay and JC-1 assay were exploited to measure cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, mechanistic assays such as RIP, RNA pull down and luciferase reporter assays were employed to identify the interplay between RNAs. RESULTS Eln inhibition was identified to protect rat arterial smooth muscle cells from apoptosis. Also, miR-29b-3p was identified to bind to Eln, and X inactive specific transcript (Xist) could boost Eln expression through absorbing miR-29b-3p. Meanwhile, Eln overexpression counteracted the suppression of silenced Xist on the apoptosis of rat arterial smooth muscle cells. More importantly, such ceRNA network was proved to aggravate the apoptosis of human aortic smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSION LncRNA Xist contributes to arterial smooth muscle cell apoptosis through miR-29b-3p/Eln pathway, providing new potential roads for treating TAA.
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Barallobre-Barreiro J, Loeys B, Mayr M, Rienks M, Verstraeten A, Kovacic JC. Extracellular Matrix in Vascular Disease, Part 2/4: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2189-2203. [PMID: 32354385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Medium-sized and large arteries consist of 3 layers: the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica media accounts for the bulk of the vessel wall and is the chief determinant of mechanical compliance. It is primarily composed of circumferentially arranged layers of vascular smooth muscle cells that are separated by concentrically arranged elastic lamellae; a form of extracellular matrix (ECM). The tunica media is separated from the tunica intima and tunica adventitia, the innermost and outermost layers, respectively, by the internal and external elastic laminae. This second part of a 4-part JACC Focus Seminar discusses the contributions of the ECM to vascular homeostasis and pathology. Advances in genetics and proteomics approaches have fostered significant progress in our understanding of vascular ECM. This review highlights the important role of the ECM in vascular disease and the prospect of translating these discoveries into clinical disease biomarkers and potential future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Loeys
- Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Marieke Rienks
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aline Verstraeten
- Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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8
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Dentici ML, Bergonzini P, Scibelli F, Caciolo C, De Rose P, Cumbo F, Alesi V, Capolino R, Zanni G, Sinibaldi L, Novelli A, Tartaglia M, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B, Vicari S, Alfieri P. 7q11.23 Microduplication Syndrome: Clinical and Neurobehavioral Profiling. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E839. [PMID: 33187326 PMCID: PMC7697259 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7q11.23 Microduplication (dup7q11.23) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder due to a recurring 1.5 to 1.8 Mb duplication of the Williams-Beuren Syndrome critical region. Dup7q11.23 has been associated with several neuro-behavioral characteristics such as low cognitive and adaptive functioning, expressive language impairment, anxiety problems and autistic features. In the present study, we analyze the clinical features of ten individuals in which array-CGH detected dup7q11.23, spanning from 1.4 to 2.1 Mb. The clinical characteristics associated with dup7q11.23 are discussed with respect to its reciprocal deletion. Consistent with previous studies, we confirm that individuals with dup7q11.23 syndrome do not have a homogeneous clinical profile, although some recurring dysmorphic features were found, including macrocephaly, prominent forehead, elongated palpebral fissures, thin lip vermilion and microstomia. Minor congenital malformations include patent ductus arteriosus, cryptorchidism and pes planus. A common finding is hypotonia and joint laxity, resulting in mild motor delay. Neuropsychological and psychodiagnostic assessment confirm that mild cognitive impairment, expressive language deficits and anxiety are recurring neurobehavioral features. New insights into adaptive, psychopathological and neurodevelopmental profiles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Dentici
- Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.L.D.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (M.C.D.)
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Paola Bergonzini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Science, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (P.B.); (F.S.); (C.C.); (P.D.R.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Francesco Scibelli
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Science, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (P.B.); (F.S.); (C.C.); (P.D.R.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Cristina Caciolo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Science, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (P.B.); (F.S.); (C.C.); (P.D.R.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Paola De Rose
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Science, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (P.B.); (F.S.); (C.C.); (P.D.R.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Francesca Cumbo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Science, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (P.B.); (F.S.); (C.C.); (P.D.R.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Viola Alesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Rossella Capolino
- Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.L.D.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (M.C.D.)
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.T.)
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sinibaldi
- Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.L.D.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (M.C.D.)
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.L.D.); (R.C.); (L.S.); (M.C.D.)
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Science, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (P.B.); (F.S.); (C.C.); (P.D.R.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Alfieri
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Science, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (P.B.); (F.S.); (C.C.); (P.D.R.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
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Lechich KM, Zarate YA, Daily JA, Collins RT. Aortic Geometry in Patients with Duplication 7q11.23 Compared to Healthy Controls. Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:1199-1205. [PMID: 32474735 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the size and geometry of the aorta in patients with 7q11.23 duplication (Dup7) to healthy controls. We retrospectively reviewed all echocardiograms in all patients with Dup7 evaluated at our institutions from June 2017 through September 2019. All standard aortic diameter measurements were made and recorded. Z-scores for the measurements were calculated. For comparison, a set of control echocardiograms was developed by randomly selecting 24 normal echocardiograms in age-matched patients who had undergone echocardiograms for an indication of either chest pain or syncope. In 58 echocardiograms from 21 Dup7 patients, all aortic measurements were increased compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Effacement of the sinotubular junction (STJ) of the aorta was present in all Dup7 patients. Our novel STJ-to-aortic annulus ratio of ≥ 1.15 had a 98.28% sensitivity (95% CI 90.76-99.96) and 100% specificity (95% CI 85.75-100) for distinguishing Dup7 from controls with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 96.00% (95% CI 77.47-99.41). All patients in our study with Dup7 had echocardiographic evidence of aortopathy. Effacement of the STJ was present in all Dup7 patients. The STJ-to-annulus ratio is a better indicator of aortopathy in Dup7 than the aortic Z-score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie M Lechich
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, 750 Welch Road, Suite 321, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yuri A Zarate
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Division of Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Joshua A Daily
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Pediatric Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - R Thomas Collins
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, 750 Welch Road, Suite 321, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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10
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Expert consensus recommendations on the cardiogenetic care for patients with thoracic aortic disease and their first-degree relatives. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:243-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Carino D, Agostinelli A, Molardi A, Benassi F, Gherli T, Nicolini F. The role of genetic testing in the prevention of acute aortic dissection. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:15-23. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487318756433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although much has been learned about disease of the thoracic aorta, most diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is still incidental. The importance of the genetic aspects in thoracic aortic disease is overwhelming, and today different mutations which cause TAA or alter its natural history have been discovered. Technological advance has made available testing which detects genetic mutations linked to TAA. This article analyses the genetic aspects of TAA and describes the possible role of genetic tests in the clinical setting in preventing devastating complications of TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carino
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Andrea Agostinelli
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Molardi
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Filippo Benassi
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziano Gherli
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicolini
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
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12
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Deshpande A, Weiss LA. Recurrent reciprocal copy number variants: Roles and rules in neurodevelopmental disorders. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:519-530. [PMID: 29575775 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deletions and duplications, called reciprocal CNVs when they occur at the same locus, are implicated in neurodevelopmental phenotypes ranging from morphological to behavioral. In this article, we propose three models of how differences in gene expression in deletion and duplication genotypes may result in deleterious phenotypes. To explore these models, we use examples of the similarities and differences in clinical phenotypes of five reciprocal CNVs known to cause neurodevelopmental disorders: 1q21.1, 7q11.23, 15q13.3, 16p11.2, and 22q11.2. These models and examples may inform some insights into better understanding of gene-phenotype relationships. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 519-530, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143
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13
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Duque Lasio ML, Kozel BA. Elastin-driven genetic diseases. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:144-160. [PMID: 29501665 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Elastic fibers provide recoil to tissues that undergo repeated deformation, such as blood vessels, lungs and skin. Composed of elastin and its accessory proteins, the fibers are produced within a restricted developmental window and are stable for decades. Their eventual breakdown is associated with a loss of tissue resiliency and aging. Rare alteration of the elastin (ELN) gene produces disease by impacting protein dosage (supravalvar aortic stenosis, Williams Beuren syndrome and Williams Beuren region duplication syndrome) and protein function (autosomal dominant cutis laxa). This review highlights aspects of the elastin molecule and its assembly process that contribute to human disease and also discusses potential therapies aimed at treating diseases of elastin insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth A Kozel
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Earhart BA, Williams ME, Zamora I, Randolph LM, Votava-Smith JK, Marcy SN. Phenotype of 7q11.23 duplication: A family clinical series. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:114-119. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Earhart
- USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities; Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Marian E. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Irina Zamora
- Department of Pediatrics, USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Linda Marie Randolph
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Jodie K. Votava-Smith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics; University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Stephanie N. Marcy
- Department of Pediatrics, USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
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15
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Array CGH - A Powerful Tool in Molecular Diagnostic of Pathogenic Microdeletions - Williams-Beuren Syndrome - A Case Report. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2016; 42:207-212. [PMID: 30568834 PMCID: PMC6256167 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.42.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) (OMIM 194050) is caused by interstitial deletions or duplications of the 7q11.23 chromosomal region and characterised through a complex phenotype. We described a case diagnosed clinically and genetically confirmed through aCGH. Genetic assessment identified three microdeletions with a total size of 1.35 Mb located at 7q11.23. The deleted regions encompasses more than 30 genes including several protein coding genes such as ELN, LIMK1, FZDS, WBSCR22, WBSCR27, WBSCR28, STX1A, CLDN3, CLDN4, LAT2, ABHD11 or EIF4H .
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16
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Raof NA, Rajamani D, Chu HC, Gurav A, Johnson JM, LoGerfo FW, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, Bhasin M. The effects of transfection reagent polyethyleneimine (PEI) and non-targeting control siRNAs on global gene expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:20. [PMID: 26728506 PMCID: PMC4700750 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful platform utilized to target transcription of specific genes and downregulate the protein product. To achieve effective silencing, RNAi is usually applied to cells or tissue with a transfection reagent to enhance entry into cells. A commonly used control is the same transfection reagent plus a "noncoding RNAi". However, this does not control for the genomic response to the transfection reagent alone or in combination with the noncoding RNAi. These control effects while not directly targeting the gene in question may influence expression of other genes that in turn alter expression of the target. The current study was prompted by our work focused on prevention of vascular bypass graft failure and our experience with gene silencing in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) where we suspected that off target effects through this mechanism might be substantial. We have used Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology and bioinformatics analysis to examine the genomic response of HAoSMCs to the transfection reagent alone (polyethyleneimine (PEI)) or in combination with commercially obtained control small interfering RNA (siRNAs) (Dharmacon and Invitrogen). RESULTS Compared to untreated cells, global gene expression of HAoSMcs after transfection either with PEI or in combination with control siRNAs displayed significant alterations in gene transcriptome after 24 h. HAoSMCs transfected by PEI alone revealed alterations of 213 genes mainly involved in inflammatory and immune responses. HAoSMCs transfected by PEI complexed with siRNA from either Dharmacon or Invitrogen showed substantial gene variation of 113 and 85 genes respectively. Transfection of cells with only PEI or with PEI and control siRNAs resulted in identification of 20 set of overlapping altered genes. Further, systems biology analysis revealed key master regulators in cells transfected with control siRNAs including the cytokine, Interleukin (IL)-1, transcription factor GATA Binding Protein (GATA)-4 and the methylation enzyme, Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH-2) a cytokine with an apical role in initiating the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Significant off-target effects in HAoSMCs transfected with PEI alone or in combination with control siRNAs may lead to misleading conclusions concerning the effectiveness of a targeted siRNA strategy. The lack of structural information about transfection reagents and "non coding" siRNA is a hindrance in the development of siRNA based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurazhani A Raof
- The Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Stoneman 8 M-10E, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
| | - Deepa Rajamani
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Genomics and Proteomics Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Hsun-Chieh Chu
- The Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Stoneman 8 M-10E, Boston, 02215, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Aniket Gurav
- The Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Stoneman 8 M-10E, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
| | - Joel M Johnson
- The Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Stoneman 8 M-10E, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
| | - Frank W LoGerfo
- The Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Stoneman 8 M-10E, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- The Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Stoneman 8 M-10E, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Genomics and Proteomics Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Luyckx
- Laboratory for aneurysmal disease, Center for Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital/University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart L Loeys
- Laboratory for aneurysmal disease, Center for Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital/University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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