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Aronoff EB, Chin C, Opotowsky AR, Mays WA, Knecht SK, Goessling J, Rice M, Shertzer J, Wittekind SG, Powell AW. Facility-Based and Virtual Cardiac Rehabilitation in Young Patients with Heart Disease During the COVID-19 Era. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:1533-1541. [PMID: 37294337 PMCID: PMC10251322 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an important tool for improving fitness and quality of life in those with heart disease (HD). Few pediatric centers use CR to care for these patients, and virtual CR is rarely used. In addition, it is unclear how the COVID-19 era has changed CR outcomes. This study assessed fitness improvements in young HD patients participating in both facility-based and virtual CR during the COVID-19 pandemic. This retrospective single-center cohort study included new patients who completed CR from March 2020 through July 2022. CR outcomes included physical, performance, and psychosocial measures. Comparison between serial testing was performed with a paired t test with P < 0.05 was considered significant. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation. There were 47 patients (19 ± 7.3 years old; 49% male) who completed CR. Improvements were seen in peak oxygen consumption (VO2, 62.3 ± 16.1 v 71 ± 18.2% of predicted, p = 0.0007), 6-min walk (6 MW) distance (401 ± 163.8 v 480.7 ± 119.2 m, p = < 0.0001), sit to stand (16.2 ± 4.9 v 22.1 ± 6.6 repetitions; p = < 0.0001), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (5.9 ± 4.3 v 4.4 ± 4.2; p = 0.002), and Physical Component Score (39.9 ± 10.1 v 44.9 ± 8.8; p = 0.002). Facility-based CR enrollees were less likely to complete CR than virtual patients (60%, 33/55 v 80%, 12/15; p = 0.005). Increases in peak VO2 (60 ± 15.3 v 70.2 ± 17.8% of predicted; p = 0.002) were seen among those that completed facility-based CR; this was not observed in the virtual group. Both groups demonstrated improvement in 6 MW distance, sit-to-stand repetitions, and sit-and-reach distance. Completion of a CR program resulted in fitness improvements during the COVID-19 era regardless of location, although peak VO2 improved more for the in-person group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Aronoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Clifford Chin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Alexander R Opotowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Wayne A Mays
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Sandra K Knecht
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Jennah Goessling
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Malloree Rice
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Justine Shertzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samuel G Wittekind
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam W Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA.
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Hansen K, Curran T, Reynolds L, Shafer K, Gauvreau K, Gauthier N. Combined Exercise and Mindset Training During a Pediatric Cardiac Fitness and Rehabilitation Program Benefits Youth with a Range of Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00246-024-03560-3. [PMID: 38981972 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-024-03560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric cardiac fitness and rehabilitation programs vary widely in structure and content. The Cardiac Fitness Program (CFP) is built on traditional training pillars of aerobic, strength, and flexibility, and adds a fourth, training a positive mindset. This study assesses whether the systematic and comprehensive framework of the CFP results in broad benefits for a range of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Data from participants between 01/2017 and 12/2022 were analyzed. Pre- and post-CFP cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters, strength and flexibility metrics, and mindset survey results were compared overall, and by sex, age, diagnosis, and hemodynamic level. Of 62 participants (median age 15.5 years, range 8 to 23, 50% female), 3% had simple, 37% complex, 24% single ventricle CHD, and 35% arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, or transplant. Significant improvements were noted in aerobic fitness (mean 9 ± 15% increase in % predicted peak oxygen consumption, p < 0.001). Strength metrics significantly improved (each p < 0.001), as did flexibility (p < 0.001). Patient-reported positive mindset scores did not improve significantly (mean increase 1.8 ± 5.1, p = 0.10, n = 25), whereas parents reported significant improvements (5.9 ± 10.4, p = 0.02, n = 20). Improvements were not significantly different by sex, age, diagnosis, or hemodynamic level. Comprehensive training across four pillars of fitness yields significant improvements in aerobic fitness, strength, flexibility, and parent-reported mindset scores for pediatric CHD patients, regardless of patient characteristics, diagnosis type, or severity of hemodynamic limitation. Further study is warranted into optimal standardization of training and whether a comprehensive approach amplifies individual pillars to create more than the sum of its parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 1935 Medical District Drive, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
| | - Tracy Curran
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsey Reynolds
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keri Shafer
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Naomi Gauthier
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Ubeda Tikkanen A, Vova J, Holman L, Chrisman M, Clarkson K, Santiago R, Schonberger L, White K, Badaly D, Gauthier N, Pham TDN, Britt JJ, Crouter SE, Giangregorio M, Nathan M, Akamagwuna UO. Core components of a rehabilitation program in pediatric cardiac disease. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1104794. [PMID: 37334215 PMCID: PMC10275574 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing effort in both the inpatient and outpatient setting to improve care, function, and quality of life for children with congenital heart disease, and to decrease complications. As the mortality rates of surgical procedures for congenital heart disease decrease, improvement in perioperative morbidity and quality of life have become key metrics of quality of care. Quality of life and function in patients with congenital heart disease can be affected by multiple factors: the underlying heart condition, cardiac surgery, complications, and medical treatment. Some of the functional areas affected are motor abilities, exercise capacity, feeding, speech, cognition, and psychosocial adjustment. Rehabilitation interventions aim to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life for those with physical impairments or disabilities. Interventions such as exercise training have been extensively evaluated in adults with acquired heart disease, and rehabilitation interventions for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease have similar potential to improve perioperative morbidity and quality of life. However, literature regarding the pediatric population is limited. We have gathered a multidisciplinary team of experts from major institutions to create evidence- and practice-based guidelines for pediatric cardiac rehabilitation programs in both inpatient and outpatient settings. To improve the quality of life of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, we propose the use of individualized multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs that include: medical management; neuropsychology; nursing care; rehabilitation equipment; physical, occupational, speech, and feeding therapies; and exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ubeda Tikkanen
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua Vova
- Department of Physiatry, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lainie Holman
- Department Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Maddie Chrisman
- Wolff Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kristin Clarkson
- Department of Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rachel Santiago
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Schonberger
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kelsey White
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daryaneh Badaly
- Learning and Development Center, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Naomi Gauthier
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tam Dan N. Pham
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jolie J. Britt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott E. Crouter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, IL, United States
| | - Maeve Giangregorio
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meena Nathan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Unoma O. Akamagwuna
- Department Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, TX, United States
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FORCE Risk Stratification Tool for Pediatric Cardiac Rehabilitation and Fitness Programs. Pediatr Cardiol 2022:10.1007/s00246-022-03010-y. [PMID: 36121492 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-03010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Risk stratification is required to set an exercise prescription for cardiac rehabilitation, but an optimal scheme for congenital heart disease (CHD) is unknown. We piloted a system based on hemodynamic rather than anatomic factors: function, oxygen level, rhythm, complex/coronary anatomy, and elevated load (FORCE). Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of the FORCE tool were evaluated. Patients < 22 years old participating in the Cardiac Fitness Program at Boston Children's Hospital between 02/2017 and 12/2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Assigned FORCE levels, anatomy, adverse events, fitness and exercise test data were collected. Of 63 attempts at FORCE classification, 62 (98%) were successfully classified while one with restrictive cardiomyopathy was not. Thirty-nine (62%) were FORCE 1, 16 (25%) were FORCE 2, and seven (11%) were FORCE 3. Almost half of FORCE 1 patients had simple or complex CHD and the majority of FORCE 2 patients had single ventricle CHD. FORCE 3 patients were more likely to have serious arrhythmias or cardiomyopathy than those in FORCE 1 or 2 (p < 0.001). Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome patients appeared in FORCE 1 only. No adverse events occurred over 958 total sessions. The total number of fitness sessions/participant was similar across FORCE levels. It was feasible to risk stratify patients with CHD using a clinical FORCE tool. The tool was effective in categorizing patients and simple to use. No adverse events occurred with fitness training over nearly 1000 exercise training sessions. Adding diastolic dysfunction to the original model may add utility.
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Chen M, Fu MR, Luo B, Yu P, Zheng H, Liu F. A WeChat-Based Rehabilitation Platform for Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease to Promote Cardiac FITness (HeartFIT): Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Strategy from Evidence-Based Design to Pilot Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:907-920. [PMID: 35519154 PMCID: PMC9064066 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s349519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in medical and surgical care has tremendously improved the survival rates of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, reduced aerobic capacity and health-related issues remain a threaten to quality survival and prevention of related complications among children and adolescents with CHD. This research program aims to develop and evaluate a WeChat-based health platform (HeartFIT) to facilitate cardiac rehabilitation and promote physical fitness for this rapidly expanding young population. The study protocol describes the use of an iterative process of using a mixed-methods strategy to develop, refine, and pilot test the proposed HeartFIT platform. A sequential problem-solving process comprising four iterative phases with ongoing end-user input will be implemented. In phase 1, relevant literature was systematically reviewed (completed) and then child-parent dyads will be interviewed to understand the broad context and the requirements and considerations of the target population toward the WeChat-based rehabilitation platform. In phase 2, key features and priority functionalities for the platform will be ideated and refined, and a digital interactive prototype will be created. In phase 3, heuristic evaluation and three rounds of end-user testing will be conducted to ensure further refinement and usability of the prototype. In phase 4, a prospective pilot study will be performed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the developed platform over a 12-week intervention period. If HeartFIT intervention is feasible, acceptable, and demonstrates promising efficacy, an adequately powered randomized controlled trial (future work) will be deployed to test the real-world effectiveness of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei R Fu
- Rutgers University, School of Nursing, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Biru Luo
- Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengming Yu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfei Liu
- Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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