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Bucini G, Clark EM, Merrill SC, Langle-Chimal O, Zia A, Koliba C, Cheney N, Wiltshire S, Trinity L, Smith JM. Connecting livestock disease dynamics to human learning and biosecurity decisions. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1067364. [PMID: 36744225 PMCID: PMC9896627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1067364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The acceleration of animal disease spread worldwide due to increased animal, feed, and human movement has driven a growing body of epidemiological research as well as a deeper interest in human behavioral studies aimed at understanding their interconnectedness. Biosecurity measures can reduce the risk of infection, but human risk tolerance can hinder biosecurity investments and compliance. Humans may learn from hardship and become more risk averse, but sometimes they instead become more risk tolerant because they forget negative experiences happened in the past or because they come to believe they are immune. We represent the complexity of the hog production system with disease threats, human decision making, and human risk attitude using an agent-based model. Our objective is to explore the role of risk tolerant behaviors and the consequences of delayed biosecurity investments. We set up experiment with Monte Carlo simulations of scenarios designed with different risk tolerance amongst the swine producers and we derive distributions and trends of biosecurity and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) incidence emerging in the system. The output data allowed us to examine interactions between modes of risk tolerance and timings of biosecurity response discussing consequences for disease protection in the production system. The results show that hasty and delayed biosecurity responses or slow shifts toward a biosecure culture do not guarantee control of contamination when the disease has already spread in the system. In an effort to support effective disease prevention, our model results can inform policy making to move toward more resilient and healthy production systems. The modeled dynamics of risk attitude have also the potential to improve communication strategies for nudging and establishing risk averse behaviors thereby equipping the production system in case of foreign disease incursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bucini
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States,Social-Ecological Gaming and Simulation Lab, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States,*Correspondence: Gabriela Bucini ✉
| | - Eric M. Clark
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States,Social-Ecological Gaming and Simulation Lab, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Scott C. Merrill
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States,Social-Ecological Gaming and Simulation Lab, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Ollin Langle-Chimal
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Asim Zia
- Social-Ecological Gaming and Simulation Lab, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States,Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States,Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Christopher Koliba
- Social-Ecological Gaming and Simulation Lab, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States,Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Nick Cheney
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Serge Wiltshire
- Social-Ecological Gaming and Simulation Lab, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States,Food Systems Research Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Luke Trinity
- Social-Ecological Gaming and Simulation Lab, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States,Computational Biology Research and Analytics Lab, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Julia M. Smith
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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Frégeau A, Cournoyer A, Maheu-Cadotte MA, Iseppon M, Soucy N, St-Cyr Bourque J, Cossette S, Castonguay V, Fleet R. Use of tabletop exercises for healthcare education: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032662. [PMID: 31915165 PMCID: PMC6955537 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing interest in developing interprofessional education (IPE) in the community of healthcare educators. Tabletop exercises (TTX) have been proposed as a mean to cultivate collaborative practice. A TTX simulates an emergent situation in an informal environment. Healthcare professionals need to take charge of this situation as a team through a discussion-based approach. As TTX are gaining in popularity, performing a review about their uses could guide educators and researchers. The aim of this scoping review is to map the uses of TTX in healthcare. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A search of the literature will be conducted using medical subject heading terms and keywords in PubMed, Medline, EBM Reviews (Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews), CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Embase and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), along with a search of the grey literature. The search will be performed after the publication of this protocol (estimated to be January 1st 2020) and will be repeated 1 month prior to the submission for publication of the final review (estimated to be June 1st 2020). Studies reporting on TTX in healthcare and published in English or French will be included. Two reviewers will screen the articles and extract the data. The quality of the included articles will be assessed by two reviewers. To better map their uses, the varying TTX activities will be classified as performed in the context of disaster health or not, for IPE or not and using a board game or not. Moreover, following the same mapping objective, outcomes of TTX will be reported according to the Kirkpatrick model of outcomes of educational programs. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No institutional review board approval is required for this review. Results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings of this review will inform future efforts to TTX into the training of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Frégeau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis Cournoyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Maheu-Cadotte
- Research department, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Iseppon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Soucy
- Direction of Education and of CHUM Academy, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie St-Cyr Bourque
- Emergency Medicine Department, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cossette
- Research and International Development, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Castonguay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Fleet
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Lévis, Quebec, Canada
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