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Rodrigues-Ribeiro L, Resende BL, Pinto Dias ML, Lopes MR, de Barros LLM, Moraes MA, Verano-Braga T, Souza BR. Neuroproteomics: Unveiling the Molecular Insights of Psychiatric Disorders with a Focus on Anxiety Disorder and Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1443:103-128. [PMID: 38409418 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are two of the most common mental disorders worldwide, with a lifetime prevalence of up to 30%. These disorders are complex and have a variety of overlapping factors, including genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Current pharmacological treatments for anxiety and depression are not perfect. Many patients do not respond to treatment, and those who do often experience side effects. Animal models are crucial for understanding the complex pathophysiology of both disorders. These models have been used to identify potential targets for new treatments, and they have also been used to study the effects of environmental factors on these disorders. Recent proteomic methods and technologies are providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of anxiety disorder and depression. These methods have been used to identify proteins that are altered in these disorders, and they have also been used to study the effects of pharmacological treatments on protein expression. Together, behavioral and proteomic research will help elucidate the factors involved in anxiety disorder and depression. This knowledge will improve preventive strategies and lead to the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rodrigues-Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Proteomics Group (NPF), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lopes Resende
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurodevelopment and Evolution (NeuroDEv), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Pinto Dias
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Proteomics Group (NPF), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Megan Rodrigues Lopes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Proteomics Group (NPF), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurodevelopment and Evolution (NeuroDEv), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Larissa Luppi Monteiro de Barros
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Proteomics Group (NPF), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Muiara Aparecida Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurodevelopment and Evolution (NeuroDEv), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Proteomics Group (NPF), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Rezende Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Laboratory of Neurodevelopment and Evolution (NeuroDEv), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Winter A, Ahlbrand R, Sah R. Recruitment of central angiotensin II type 1 receptor associated neurocircuits in carbon dioxide associated fear. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:378-386. [PMID: 30776402 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with fear-associated conditions such as panic disorder (PD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display increased emotional responses to interoceptive triggers, such as CO2 inhalation, that signal a threat to physiological homeostasis. Currently, effector systems and mechanisms underlying homeostatic modulation of fear memory are not well understood. In this regard, the renin angiotensin system (RAS), particularly the angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R), a primary homeostatic regulatory target, has gained attention. RAS polymorphisms have been reported in PD and PTSD, and recent studies report AT1R-mediated modulation of fear extinction. However, contribution of AT1Rs in fear evoked by the interoceptive threat of CO2 has not been investigated. Using pharmacological, behavioral, and AT1R/ACE gene transcription analyses, we assessed central AT1R recruitment in CO2-associated fear. CO2 inhalation led to significant AT1R and ACE mRNA upregulation in homeostatic regulatory regions, subfornical organ (SFO) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), in a temporal manner. Intracerebroventricular infusion of selective AT1R antagonist, losartan, significantly attenuated freezing during CO2 inhalation, and during re-exposure to CO2 context, suggestive of AT1R modulation of contextual fear. Regional Fos mapping in losartan-treated mice post-behavior revealed significantly attenuated labeling in areas regulating defensive behavior, contextual fear, and threat responding; such as, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsal periaqueductal gray, hypothalamic nuclei, hippocampus, and prefrontal areas such as the prelimbic, infralimbic, and anterior cingulate cortices. Sub-regions of the amygdala did not show CO2-associated AT1R regulation or altered Fos labeling. Collectively, our data suggests central AT1R recruitment in modulation of fear behaviors associated with CO2 inhalation via engagement of neurocircuits regulating homeostasis and defensive behaviors. Our data provides mechanistic insights into the interoceptive regulation of fear, relevant to fear related disorders such as PD and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Winter
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | - Rebecca Ahlbrand
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, United States; VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, United States
| | - Renu Sah
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, United States; VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, United States.
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Preter M, Klein DF. Lifelong opioidergic vulnerability through early life separation: a recent extension of the false suffocation alarm theory of panic disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 3:345-51. [PMID: 24726574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present paper is the edited version of our presentations at the "First World Symposium On Translational Models Of Panic Disorder", in Vitoria, E.S., Brazil, on November 16-18, 2012. We also review relevant work that appeared after the conference. Suffocation-False Alarm Theory (Klein, 1993) postulates the existence of an evolved physiologic suffocation alarm system that monitors information about potential suffocation. Panic attacks maladaptively occur when the alarm is erroneously triggered. The expanded Suffocation-False Alarm Theory (Preter and Klein, 2008) hypothesizes that endogenous opioidergic dysregulation may underlie the respiratory pathophysiology and suffocation sensitivity in panic disorder. Opioidergic dysregulation increases sensitivity to CO2, separation distress and panic attacks. That sudden loss, bereavement and childhood separation anxiety are also antecedents of "spontaneous" panic requires an integrative explanation. Our work unveiling the lifelong endogenous opioid system impairing effects of childhood parental loss (CPL) and parental separation in non-ill, normal adults opens a new experimental, investigatory area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Preter
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Donald F Klein
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Donner NC, Johnson PL, Fitz SD, Kellen KE, Shekhar A, Lowry CA. Elevated tph2 mRNA expression in a rat model of chronic anxiety. Depress Anxiety 2012; 29:307-19. [PMID: 22511363 PMCID: PMC4414333 DOI: 10.1002/da.21925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allelic variations in TPH2, the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 2, the rate-limiting enzyme for brain serotonin (5-HT) biosynthesis, may be genetic predictors of panic disorder and panic responses to panicogenic challenges in healthy volunteers. To test the hypothesis that tph2 mRNA is altered in chronic anxiety states, we measured tph2 expression in an established rat model of panic disorder. METHODS We implanted 16 adult, male rats with bilateral guide cannulae and then primed them with daily injections of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor agonist, urocortin 1 (UCN1, 6 fmoles/100 nl per side, n = 8) or vehicle (n = 8) into the basolateral amygdaloid complex (BL) for 5 consecutive days. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed, 24 hr prior to and 48 hr following priming, in the social interaction (SI) test. A third group (n = 7) served as undisturbed home cage controls. All rats were killed 3 days after the last intra-BL injection to analyze tph2 and slc6a4 (gene encoding the serotonin transporter, SERT) mRNA expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), the main source of serotonergic projections to anxiety-related brain regions, using in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS UCN1 priming increased anxiety-related behavior in the SI test compared to vehicle-injected controls and elevated tph2, but not slc6a4, mRNA expression in DR subregions, including the ventrolateral DR/ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (DRVL/VLPAG), a subregion previously implicated in control of panic-related physiologic responses. Tph2 mRNA expression in the DRVL/VLPAG was correlated with increased anxiety-related behavior. CONCLUSION Our data support the hypothesis that chronic anxiety states are associated with dysregulated tph2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C. Donner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado,Correspondence to: Nina C. Donner, Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant St, 114 Clare Small, Boulder, CO 80309–0354,
| | - Philip L. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stephanie D. Fitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Karen E. Kellen
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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