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Koivisto M, Pallaris C. Cognitive flexibility moderates the relationship between openness-to-experience and perceptual reversals of Necker cube. Conscious Cogn 2024; 122:103698. [PMID: 38781814 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
It is not clear whether personality is related to basic perceptual processes at the level of automatic bottom-up processes or controlled top-down processes. Two experiments examined how personality influences perceptual dynamics, focusing on how cognitive flexibility moderates the relationship between personality and perceptual reversals of the Necker cube. The participants viewed stimuli either passively or with the intent to either hold or switch the orientation of the Necker cube. The influence of openness was predominantly evident in conditions necessitating intentional control over perceptual reversals. The link between openness and intentional perceptual reversals was always moderated by cognitive flexibility, which was measured in three different ways. No relationship was detected between personality traits and reversals in the passive viewing condition, suggesting that relatively spontaneous adaptation-inhibition processes may not be personality-dependent. Overall, our research sheds light on the nuanced influence of personality traits on perceptual experiences, mediated by cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Koivisto
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland.
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2
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Başar-Eroğlu C, Küçük KM, Rürup L, Schmiedt-Fehr C, Mathes B. Oscillatory Activities in Multiple Frequency Bands in Patients with Schizophrenia During Motion Perception. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022:15500594221141825. [PMID: 36437602 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221141825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia show impairment in binding stimulus features into coherent objects, which are reflected in disturbed oscillatory activities. This study aimed to identify disturbances in multiple oscillatory bands during perceptual organization of motion perception in patients with schizophrenia. EEG was recorded from healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia during continuous presentation of a motion stimulus which induces reversals between two exogenously generated perceptions. This stimulus was used to investigate differences in motion binding processes between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. EEG signals were transformed into frequency components by means of the Morlet wavelet transformation in order to analyse inter-trial coherences (ITC) in the delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and gamma (28-48 Hz) frequency bands during exogenous motion binding. Patients showed decreased delta-ITC in occipital and theta-ITC in central and parietal areas, while no significant differences were found for neither alpha nor gamma-ITCs. The present study provides one of the first insights on the oscillatory synchronizations related with the motion perception in schizophrenia. The ITC differences revealed alterations in the consistency of large-scale integration and transfer functions in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Başar-Eroğlu
- Department of Psychology, 52973İzmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - K M Küçük
- Department of Psychology, 52973İzmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - L Rürup
- 62546Hospital Bremen-East, Bremen, Germany
| | - C Schmiedt-Fehr
- Institute of Psychology, 9168University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - B Mathes
- Bremen Initiative to Foster Early Childhood Development, 9168University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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3
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Devia C, Concha-Miranda M, Rodríguez E. Bi-Stable Perception: Self-Coordinating Brain Regions to Make-Up the Mind. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:805690. [PMID: 35153663 PMCID: PMC8829010 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.805690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-stable perception is a strong instance of cognitive self-organization, providing a research model for how ‘the brain makes up its mind.’ The complexity of perceptual bistability prevents a simple attribution of functions to areas, because many cognitive processes, recruiting multiple brain regions, are simultaneously involved. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence suggests the activation of a large network of distant brain areas. Concurrently, electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic (MEEG) literature shows sub second oscillatory activity and phase synchrony on several frequency bands. Strongly represented are beta and gamma bands, often associated with neural/cognitive integration processes. The spatial extension and short duration of brain activities suggests the need for a fast, large-scale neural coordination mechanism. To address the range of temporo-spatial scales involved, we systematize the current knowledge from mathematical models, cognitive sciences and neuroscience at large, from single-cell- to system-level research, including evidence from human and non-human primates. Surprisingly, despite evidence spanning through different organization levels, models, and experimental approaches, the scarcity of integrative studies is evident. In a final section of the review we dwell on the reasons behind such scarcity and on the need of integration in order to achieve a real understanding of the complexities underlying bi-stable perception processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christ Devia
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Concha-Miranda
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Neurodinámica Básica y Aplicada, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurodinámica Básica y Aplicada, Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Eugenio Rodríguez,
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4
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Rürup L, Mathes B, Schmiedt-Fehr C, Wienke AS, Özerdem A, Brand A, Basar-Eroglu C. Altered gamma and theta oscillations during multistable perception in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:127-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Cornford JH, Mercier MS, Leite M, Magloire V, Häusser M, Kullmann DM. Dendritic NMDA receptors in parvalbumin neurons enable strong and stable neuronal assemblies. eLife 2019; 8:e49872. [PMID: 31657720 PMCID: PMC6839945 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) GABAergic interneurons mediate feedforward and feedback inhibition and have a key role in gamma oscillations and information processing. The importance of fast synaptic recruitment and action potential initiation and repolarization, and rapid synchronous GABA release by PV+ cells, is well established. In contrast, the functional significance of PV+ cell NMDA receptors (NMDARs), which generate relatively slow postsynaptic currents, is unclear. Underlining their potential importance, several studies implicate PV+ cell NMDAR disruption in impaired network function and circuit pathologies. Here, we show that dendritic NMDARs underlie supralinear integration of feedback excitation from local pyramidal neurons onto mouse CA1 PV+ cells. Furthermore, by incorporating NMDARs at feedback connections onto PV+ cells in spiking networks, we show that these receptors enable cooperative recruitment of PV+ interneurons, strengthening and stabilising principal cell assemblies. Failure of this phenomenon provides a parsimonious explanation for cognitive and sensory gating deficits in pathologies with impaired PV+ NMDAR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Cornford
- UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marion S Mercier
- UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marco Leite
- UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Vincent Magloire
- UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Häusser
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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6
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Rodríguez-Martínez GA, Castillo-Parra H. Bistable perception: neural bases and usefulness in psychological research. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2018; 11:63-76. [PMID: 32612780 PMCID: PMC7110285 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bistable images have the possibility of being perceived in two different ways. Due to their physical characteristics, these visual stimuli allow two different perceptions, associated with top-down and bottom-up modulating processes. Based on an extensive literature review, the present article aims to gather the conceptual models and the foundations of perceptual bistability. This theoretical article compiles not only notions that are intertwined with the understanding of this perceptual phenomenon, but also the diverse classification and uses of bistable images in psychological research, along with a detailed explanation of the neural correlates that are involved in perceptual reversibility. We conclude that the use of bistable images as a paradigmatic resource in psychological research might be extensive. In addition, due to their characteristics, visual bistable stimuli have the potential to be implemented as a resource in experimental tasks that seek to understand diverse concerns linked essentially to attention, sensory, perceptual and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Andrés Rodríguez-Martínez
- Escuela de Publicidad - Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá, Colombia. Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano Bogotá Colombia.,Facultad de Psicología - Universidad de San Buenaventura de Medellín, Colombia. Universidad de San Buenaventura Universidad de San Buenaventura de Medellín Colombia
| | - Henry Castillo-Parra
- Facultad de Psicología - Universidad de San Buenaventura de Medellín, Colombia. Universidad de San Buenaventura Universidad de San Buenaventura de Medellín Colombia
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Sangiuliano Intra F, Avramiea AE, Irrmischer M, Poil SS, Mansvelder HD, Linkenkaer-Hansen K. Long-Range Temporal Correlations in Alpha Oscillations Stabilize Perception of Ambiguous Visual Stimuli. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:159. [PMID: 29740303 PMCID: PMC5928216 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing brain dynamics have been proposed as a type of “neuronal noise” that can trigger perceptual switches when viewing an ambiguous, bistable stimulus. However, no prior study has directly quantified how such neuronal noise relates to the rate of percept reversals. Specifically, it has remained unknown whether individual differences in complexity of resting-state oscillations—as reflected in long-range temporal correlations (LRTC)—are associated with perceptual stability. We hypothesized that participants with stronger resting-state LRTC in the alpha band experience more stable percepts, and thereby fewer perceptual switches. Furthermore, we expected that participants who report less discontinuous thoughts during rest, experience less switches. To test this, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in 65 healthy volunteers during 5 min Eyes-Closed Rest (ECR), after which they filled in the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire (ARSQ). This was followed by three conditions where participants attended an ambiguous structure-from-motion stimulus—Neutral (passively observe the stimulus), Hold (the percept for as long as possible), and Switch (as often as possible). LRTC of resting-state alpha oscillations predicted the number of switches only in the Hold condition, with stronger LRTC associated with less switches. Contrary to our expectations, there was no association between resting-state Discontinuity of Mind and percept stability. Participants were capable of controlling switching according to task goals, and this was accompanied by increased alpha power during Hold and decreased power during Switch. Fewer switches were associated with stronger task-related alpha LRTC in all conditions. Together, our data suggest that bistable visual perception is to some extent under voluntary control and influenced by LRTC of alpha oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sangiuliano Intra
- IRCCS, Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, CNCR, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur-Ervin Avramiea
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, CNCR, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mona Irrmischer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, CNCR, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, CNCR, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, CNCR, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Powers AR, Kelley M, Corlett PR. Hallucinations as top-down effects on perception. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2016. [PMID: 28626813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The problem of whether and how information is integrated across hierarchical brain networks embodies a fundamental tension in contemporary cognitive neuroscience, and by extension, cognitive neuropsychiatry. Indeed, the penetrability of perceptual processes in a 'top-down' manner by higher-level cognition-a natural extension of hierarchical models of perception-may contradict a strictly modular view of mental organization. Furthermore, some in the cognitive science community have challenged cognitive penetration as an unlikely, if not impossible, process. We review the evidence for and against top-down influences in perception, informed by a predictive coding model of perception and drawing heavily upon the literature of computational neuroimaging. We extend these findings to propose a way in which these processes may be altered in mental illness. We propose that hallucinations - perceptions without stimulus - can be understood as top-down effects on perception, mediated by inappropriate perceptual priors.
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Díaz-Santos M, Mauro S, Cao B, Yazdanbakhsh A, Neargarder S, Cronin-Golomb A. Bistable perception in normal aging: perceptual reversibility and its relation to cognition. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2016; 24:115-134. [PMID: 27116194 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2016.1173646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of age on the ability to resolve perceptual ambiguity are unknown, though it depends on frontoparietal attentional networks known to change with age. We presented the bistable Necker cube to 24 middle-aged and OAs (older adults; 56-78 years) and 20 YAs (younger adults; 18-24 years) under passive-viewing and volitional control conditions: Hold one cube percept and Switch between cube percepts. During passive viewing, OAs had longer dominance durations (time spent on each percept) than YAs. In the Hold condition, OAs were less able than YAs to increase dominance durations. In the Switch condition, OAs and YAs did not differ in performance. Dominance durations in either condition correlated with performance on tests of executive function mediated by the frontal lobes. Eye movements (fixation deviations) did not differ between groups. These results suggest that OAs' reduced ability to hold a percept may arise from reduced selective attention. The lack of correlation of performance between Hold and executive-function measures suggests at least a partial segregation of underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Díaz-Santos
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Samantha Mauro
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Bo Cao
- b Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Arash Yazdanbakhsh
- b Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Sandy Neargarder
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Psychology , Hart Hall, Bridgewater State University , Bridgewater , MA , USA
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA
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10
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Theta response in schizophrenia is indifferent to perceptual illusion. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:419-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Basar-Eroglu C, Mathes B, Khalaidovski K, Brand A, Schmiedt-Fehr C. Altered alpha brain oscillations during multistable perception in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 103:118-28. [PMID: 25746892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with impairments in integrating sensory and cognitive functions, leading to severe problems in coherent perception. This impairment might be accelerated during multistable perception. Multistable perception is a phenomenon, where a visual pattern gives rise to at least two different perceptual representations. We addressed this issue by assessing event-related alpha oscillations during continuous viewing of an ambiguous and unambiguous control stimulus. Perceptual reversals were indicated by a manual response, allowing differentiation between phases of reversion and non-reversion (that is perceptual stability) in both tasks. During the ambiguous task, patients and controls showed a comparable number of perceptual reversals. Alpha amplitudes in patients were larger in non-reversion phases, accompanied by a stronger decrease of alpha activity preceding the perceptual reversal. This group difference was pronounced for lower alpha activity and not apparent during the unambiguous task. This indicates that ambiguous perception taps into the specific deficits that patients experience in maintaining coherent perception. Given that top-down influences in generating a meaningful percept seems to be low in patients, they appear more dependent on sensory information. Similar, bottom-up mechanisms might be more important in triggering perceptual reversals in patients than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Basar-Eroglu
- University of Bremen, Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, Grazer Str.4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Centre for Cognitive Science, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Mathes
- University of Bremen, Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, Grazer Str.4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Centre for Cognitive Science, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ksenia Khalaidovski
- University of Bremen, Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, Grazer Str.4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Centre for Cognitive Science, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Brand
- University of Bremen, Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, Grazer Str.4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Centre for Cognitive Science, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christina Schmiedt-Fehr
- University of Bremen, Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, Grazer Str.4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Centre for Cognitive Science, Bremen, Germany
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12
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Díaz-Santos M, Cao B, Yazdanbakhsh A, Norton DJ, Neargarder S, Cronin-Golomb A. Perceptual, cognitive, and personality rigidity in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2015; 69:183-93. [PMID: 25640973 PMCID: PMC4344854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with motor and non-motor rigidity symptoms (e.g., cognitive and personality). The question is raised as to whether rigidity in PD also extends to perception, and if so, whether perceptual, cognitive, and personality rigidities are correlated. Bistable stimuli were presented to 28 non-demented individuals with PD and 26 normal control adults (NC). Necker cube perception and binocular rivalry were examined during passive viewing, and the Necker cube was additionally used for two volitional-control conditions: Hold one percept in front, and Switch between the two percepts. Relative to passive viewing, PD were significantly less able than NC to reduce dominance durations in the Switch condition, indicating perceptual rigidity. Tests of cognitive flexibility and a personality questionnaire were administered to explore the association with perceptual rigidity. Cognitive flexibility was not correlated with perceptual rigidity for either group. Personality (novelty seeking) correlated with dominance durations on Necker passive viewing for PD but not NC. The results indicate the presence in mild-moderate PD of perceptual rigidity and suggest shared neural substrates with novelty seeking, but functional divergence from those supporting cognitive flexibility. The possibility is raised that perceptual rigidity may be a harbinger of cognitive inflexibility later in the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Díaz-Santos
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Bo Cao
- Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Arash Yazdanbakhsh
- Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Daniel J Norton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Sandy Neargarder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Psychology, Hart Hall, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA 02325, USA.
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Kim J, Norton D, McBain R, Ongur D, Chen Y. Deficient biological motion perception in schizophrenia: results from a motion noise paradigm. Front Psychol 2013; 4:391. [PMID: 23847566 PMCID: PMC3701139 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia patients exhibit deficient processing of perceptual and cognitive information. However, it is not well-understood how basic perceptual deficits contribute to higher level cognitive problems in this mental disorder. Perception of biological motion, a motion-based cognitive recognition task, relies on both basic visual motion processing and social cognitive processing, thus providing a useful paradigm to evaluate the potentially hierarchical relationship between these two levels of information processing. Methods: In this study, we designed a biological motion paradigm in which basic visual motion signals were manipulated systematically by incorporating different levels of motion noise. We measured the performances of schizophrenia patients (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 22) in this biological motion perception task, as well as in coherent motion detection, theory of mind, and a widely used biological motion recognition task. Results: Schizophrenia patients performed the biological motion perception task with significantly lower accuracy than healthy controls when perceptual signals were moderately degraded by noise. A more substantial degradation of perceptual signals, through using additional noise, impaired biological motion perception in both groups. Performance levels on biological motion recognition, coherent motion detection and theory of mind tasks were also reduced in patients. Conclusion: The results from the motion-noise biological motion paradigm indicate that in the presence of visual motion noise, the processing of biological motion information in schizophrenia is deficient. Combined with the results of poor basic visual motion perception (coherent motion task) and biological motion recognition, the association between basic motion signals and biological motion perception suggests a need to incorporate the improvement of visual motion perception in social cognitive remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jejoong Kim
- Department of Psychology, Duksung Women's University Seoul, South Korea
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