1
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Fox AJ, Matthews N, Qiu Z, Filmer HL, Dux PE. On the lasting impact of mild traumatic brain injury on working memory: Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence. Neuropsychologia 2024; 204:109005. [PMID: 39313130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite increasing recognition of the significance of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the long-term cognitive consequences of the injury remain unclear. More sensitive measures that can detect subtle cognitive changes and consideration of individual variability are needed to properly characterise cognitive outcomes following mTBI. Here, we used complex behavioural tasks, individual differences approaches, and electrophysiology to investigate the long-term cognitive effects of a history of mTBI. In Experiment 1, participants with self-reported mTBI history (n=82) showed poorer verbal working memory performance on the operation span task compared to control participants (n=88), but there were no group differences in visual working memory, multitasking, cognitive flexibility, attentional control, visuospatial ability, or information processing speed. Individual differences analyses revealed that time since injury and presence of memory loss predicted visual working memory capacity and visuospatial ability, respectively, in those with mTBI history. In Experiment 2, participants with mTBI history (n=20) again demonstrated poorer verbal working memory on the operation span task compared to control participants (n=38), but no group differences were revealed on a visuospatial complex span task or simpler visual working memory measures. We also explored the electrophysiological indices of visual working memory using EEG during a change detection task. No differences were observed in early sensory event-related potentials (P1, N1) or the later negative slow wave associated with visual working memory capacity. Together, these findings suggest that mTBI history may be associated with a lasting, isolated disruption in the subsystem underlying verbal working memory storage. The results emphasise the importance of sensitive cognitive measures and accounting for individual variability in injury characteristics when assessing mTBI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya J Fox
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Natasha Matthews
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zeguo Qiu
- Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L Filmer
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul E Dux
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Levin M. Bioelectric networks: the cognitive glue enabling evolutionary scaling from physiology to mind. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:1865-1891. [PMID: 37204591 PMCID: PMC10770221 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Each of us made the remarkable journey from mere matter to mind: starting life as a quiescent oocyte ("just chemistry and physics"), and slowly, gradually, becoming an adult human with complex metacognitive processes, hopes, and dreams. In addition, even though we feel ourselves to be a unified, single Self, distinct from the emergent dynamics of termite mounds and other swarms, the reality is that all intelligence is collective intelligence: each of us consists of a huge number of cells working together to generate a coherent cognitive being with goals, preferences, and memories that belong to the whole and not to its parts. Basal cognition is the quest to understand how Mind scales-how large numbers of competent subunits can work together to become intelligences that expand the scale of their possible goals. Crucially, the remarkable trick of turning homeostatic, cell-level physiological competencies into large-scale behavioral intelligences is not limited to the electrical dynamics of the brain. Evolution was using bioelectric signaling long before neurons and muscles appeared, to solve the problem of creating and repairing complex bodies. In this Perspective, I review the deep symmetry between the intelligence of developmental morphogenesis and that of classical behavior. I describe the highly conserved mechanisms that enable the collective intelligence of cells to implement regulative embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer suppression. I sketch the story of an evolutionary pivot that repurposed the algorithms and cellular machinery that enable navigation of morphospace into the behavioral navigation of the 3D world which we so readily recognize as intelligence. Understanding the bioelectric dynamics that underlie construction of complex bodies and brains provides an essential path to understanding the natural evolution, and bioengineered design, of diverse intelligences within and beyond the phylogenetic history of Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Haddad E, Pizzagalli F, Zhu AH, Bhatt RR, Islam T, Ba Gari I, Dixon D, Thomopoulos SI, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N. Multisite test-retest reliability and compatibility of brain metrics derived from FreeSurfer versions 7.1, 6.0, and 5.3. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1515-1532. [PMID: 36437735 PMCID: PMC9921222 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic neuroimaging processing tools provide convenient and systematic methods for extracting features from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans. One tool, FreeSurfer, provides an easy-to-use pipeline to extract cortical and subcortical morphometric measures. There have been over 25 stable releases of FreeSurfer, with different versions used across published works. The reliability and compatibility of regional morphometric metrics derived from the most recent version releases have yet to be empirically assessed. Here, we used test-retest data from three public data sets to determine within-version reliability and between-version compatibility across 42 regional outputs from FreeSurfer versions 7.1, 6.0, and 5.3. Cortical thickness from v7.1 was less compatible with that of older versions, particularly along the cingulate gyrus, where the lowest version compatibility was observed (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.37-0.61). Surface area of the temporal pole, frontal pole, and medial orbitofrontal cortex, also showed low to moderate version compatibility. We confirm low compatibility between v6.0 and v5.3 of pallidum and putamen volumes, while those from v7.1 were compatible with v6.0. Replication in an independent sample showed largely similar results for measures of surface area and subcortical volumes, but had lower overall regional thickness reliability and compatibility. Batch effect correction may adjust for some inter-version effects when most sites are run with one version, but results vary when more sites are run with different versions. Age associations in a quality controlled independent sample (N = 106) revealed version differences in results of downstream statistical analysis. We provide a reference to highlight the regional metrics that may yield recent version-related inconsistencies in published findings. An interactive viewer is provided at http://data.brainescience.org/Freesurfer_Reliability/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Haddad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alyssa H Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Ravi R Bhatt
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Tasfiya Islam
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Iyad Ba Gari
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Daniel Dixon
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
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4
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Comparing resting-state connectivity of working memory networks in U.S. Service members with mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Res 2022; 1796:148099. [PMID: 36162495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent among military populations, and both have been associated with working memory (WM) impairments. Previous resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) research conducted separately in PTSD and mTBI populations suggests that there may be similar and distinct abnormalities in WM-related networks. However, no studies have compared rsFC of WM brain regions in participants with mTBI versus PTSD. We used resting-state fMRI to investigate rsFC of WM networks in U.S. Service Members (n = 127; ages 18-59) with mTBI only (n = 46), PTSD only (n = 24), and an orthopedically injured (OI) control group (n = 57). We conducted voxelwise rsFC analyses with WM brain regions to test for differences in WM network connectivity in mTBI versus PTSD. Results revealed reduced rsFC between ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), lateral premotor cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) WM regions and brain regions in the dorsal attention and somatomotor networks in both mTBI and PTSD groups versus controls. When compared to those with mTBI, individuals with PTSD had lower rsFC between both the lateral premotor WM seed region and middle occipital gyrus as well as between the dlPFC WM seed region and paracentral lobule. Interestingly, only vlPFC connectivity was significantly associated with WM performance across the samples. In conclusion, we found primarily overlapping patterns of reduced rsFC in WM brain regions in both mTBI and PTSD groups. Our finding of decreased vlPFC connectivity associated with WM is consistent with previous clinical and neuroimaging studies. Overall, these results provide support for shared neural substrates of WM in individuals with either mTBI or PTSD.
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5
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Hung Y, Vandewouw M, Emami Z, Bells S, Rudberg N, da Costa L, Dunkley BT. Memory retrieval brain-behavior disconnection in mild traumatic brain injury: A magnetoencephalography and diffusion tensor imaging study. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5296-5309. [PMID: 35796166 PMCID: PMC9812251 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain (mTBI) injury is often associated with long-term cognitive and behavioral complications, including an increased risk of memory impairment. Current research challenges include a lack of cross-modal convergence regarding the underlying neural-behavioral mechanisms of mTBI, which hinders therapeutics and outcome management for this frequently under-treated and vulnerable population. We used multi-modality imaging methods including magnetoencephalography (MEG) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate brain-behavior impairment in mTBI related to working memory. A total of 41 participants were recruited, including 23 patients with a first-time mTBI imaged within 3 months of injury (all male, age = 29.9, SD = 6.9), and 18 control participants (all male, age = 27.3, SD = 5.3). Whole-brain statistics revealed spatially concomitant functional-structural disruptions in brain-behavior interactions in working memory in the mTBI group compared with the control group. These disruptions are located in the hippocampal-prefrontal region and, additionally, in the amygdala (measured by MEG neural activation and DTI measures of fractional anisotropy in relation to working memory performance; p < .05, two-way ANCOVA, nonparametric permutations, corrected). Impaired brain-behavior connections found in the hippocampal-prefrontal and amygdala circuits indicate brain dysregulation of memory, which may leave mTBI patients vulnerable to increased environmental demands exerting memory resources, leading to related cognitive and emotional psychopathologies. The findings yield clinical implications and highlight a need for early rehabilitation after mTBI, including attention- and sensory-based behavioral exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Hung
- Martinos Imaging Center at McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Harvard‐MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,Program in Neurosciences & Mental HealthHospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Marlee Vandewouw
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental HealthHospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada,Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Zahra Emami
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental HealthHospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sonya Bells
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental HealthHospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Leodante da Costa
- Department of Surgery, Division of NeurosurgerySunnybrook HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Benjamin T. Dunkley
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental HealthHospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Diagnostic ImagingHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Medical ImagingUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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6
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Weis CN, Webb EK, deRoon-Cassini TA, Larson CL. Emotion Dysregulation Following Trauma: Shared Neurocircuitry of Traumatic Brain Injury and Trauma-Related Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:470-477. [PMID: 34561028 PMCID: PMC8801541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The psychological trauma associated with events resulting in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important and frequently overlooked factor that may impede brain recovery and worsen mental health following TBI. Indeed, individuals with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and TBI have significantly poorer clinical outcomes than individuals with a sole diagnosis. Emotion dysregulation is a common factor leading to poor cognitive and affective outcomes following TBI. Here, we synthesize how acute postinjury molecular processes stemming from either physical or emotional trauma may adversely impact circuitry subserving emotion regulation and ultimately yield long-term system-level functional and structural changes that are common to TBI and PTSD. In the immediate aftermath of traumatic injury, glucocorticoids stimulate excess glutamatergic activity, particularly in prefrontal cortex-subcortical circuitry implicated in emotion regulation. In human neuroimaging work, assessing this same circuitry well after the acute injury, TBI and PTSD show similar impacts on prefrontal and subcortical connectivity and activation. These neural profiles indicate that emotion regulation may be a useful target for treatment and early intervention to prevent the adverse sequelae of TBI. Ultimately, the success of future TBI and PTSD early interventions depends on the fields' ability to address both the physical and emotional impact of physical injury.
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7
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Li MJ, Huang SH, Huang CX, Liu J. Morphometric changes in the cortex following acute mild traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:587-593. [PMID: 34380898 PMCID: PMC8504398 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphometric changes in cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (CSA), and cortical volume (CV) can reflect pathological changes after acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Most previous studies focused on changes in CT, CSA, and CV in subacute or chronic mTBI, and few studies have examined changes in CT, CSA, and CV in acute mTBI. Furthermore, acute mTBI patients typically show transient cognitive impairment, and few studies have reported on the relationship between cerebral morphological changes and cognitive function in patients with mTBI. This prospective cohort study included 30 patients with acute mTBI (15 males, 15 females, mean age 33.7 years) and 27 matched healthy controls (12 males, 15 females, mean age 37.7 years) who were recruited from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between September and December 2019. High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired within 7 days after the onset of mTBI. The results of analyses using FreeSurfer software revealed significantly increased CSA and CV in the right lateral occipital gyrus of acute-stage mTBI patients compared with healthy controls, but no significant changes in CT. The acute-stage mTBI patients also showed reduced executive function and processing speed indicated by a lower score in the Digital Symbol Substitution Test, and reduced cognitive ability indicated by a longer time to complete the Trail Making Test-B. Both increased CSA and CV in the right lateral occipital gyrus were negatively correlated with performance in the Trail Making Test part A. These findings suggest that cognitive deficits and cortical alterations in CSA and CV can be detected in the acute stage of mTBI, and that increased CSA and CV in the right lateral occipital gyrus may be a compensatory mechanism for cognitive dysfunction in acute-stage mTBI patients. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China (approval No. 086) on February 9, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Si-Hong Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chu-Xin Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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8
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Urban K, Schudlo L, Keightley M, Alain S, Reed N, Chau T. Altered Brain Activation in Youth following Concussion: Using a Dual-task Paradigm. Dev Neurorehabil 2021; 24:187-198. [PMID: 33012188 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2020.1825539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A concussion is known as a functional injury affecting brain communication, integration, and processing. There is a need to objectively measure how concussions disrupt brain activation while completing ecologically relevant tasks.The objective of this study was to compare brain activation patterns between concussion and comparison groups (non-concussed youth) during a cognitive-motor single and dual-task paradigm utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in regions of the frontal-parietal attention network and compared to task performance.Youth with concussion generally exhibited hyperactivation and recruitment of additional brain regions in the dorsal lateral prefrontal (DLPFC), superior (SPC) and inferior parietal cortices (IPC), which are associated with processing, information integration, and response selection. Additionally, hyper- or hypo-activation patterns were associated with slower processing speed on the cognitive task. Our findings corroborate the growing literature suggesting that neural recovery may be delayed compared to the restoration of behavioral performance post-concussion.Concussion, near-infrared spectroscopy, dual-task paradigm, cognitive, motor, brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Urban
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Larissa Schudlo
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sam Alain
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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9
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Almutairi B, Langley C, Crawley E, Thai NJ. Using structural and functional MRI as a neuroimaging technique to investigate chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalopathy: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e031672. [PMID: 32868345 PMCID: PMC7462162 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to synthesise and evaluate structural MRI (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) studies in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). METHODS We systematically searched Medline and Ovid and included articles from 1991 (date of Oxford diagnostic criteria for CFS/ME) to first April 2019. Studies were selected by predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently reviewed the titles and abstracts to determine articles for inclusion, full text and quality assessment for risk of bias. RESULTS sMRI studies report differences in CFS/ME brain anatomy in grey and white matter volume, ventricular enlargement and hyperintensities. Three studies report no neuroanatomical differences between CFS/ME and healthy controls. Task-based fMRI investigated working memory, attention, reward and motivation, sensory information processing and emotional conflict. The most consistent finding was CFS/ME exhibited increased activations and recruited additional brain regions. Tasks with increasing load or complexity produced decreased activation in task-specific brain regions. CONCLUSIONS There were insufficient data to define a unique neural profile or biomarker of CFS/ME. This may be due to inconsistencies in finding neuroanatomical differences in CFS/ME and the variety of different tasks employed by fMRI studies. But there are also limitations with neuroimaging. All brain region specific volumetric differences in CFS/ME were derived from voxel-based statistics that are biased towards group differences that are highly localised in space. fMRI studies demonstrated both increases and decreases in activation patterns in CFS/ME, this may be related to task demand. However, fMRI signal cannot differentiate between neural excitation and inhibition or function-specific neural processing. Many studies have small sample sizes and did not control for the heterogeneity of this clinical population. We suggest that with robust study design, subgrouping and larger sample sizes, future neuroimaging studies could potentially lead to a breakthrough in our understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basim Almutairi
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Radiology & Imaging Centre, King Saud Medical City, Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christelle Langley
- The Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Esther Crawley
- Centre of Child and Adolescent Health, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ngoc Jade Thai
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK
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10
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Huang MX, Nichols S, Robb-Swan A, Angeles-Quinto A, Harrington DL, Drake A, Huang CW, Song T, Diwakar M, Risbrough VB, Matthews S, Clifford R, Cheng CK, Huang JW, Sinha A, Yurgil KA, Ji Z, Lerman I, Lee RR, Baker DG. MEG Working Memory N-Back Task Reveals Functional Deficits in Combat-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1953-1968. [PMID: 29668852 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a leading cause of sustained cognitive impairment in military service members and Veterans. However, the mechanism of persistent cognitive deficits including working memory (WM) dysfunction is not fully understood in mTBI. Few studies of WM deficits in mTBI have taken advantage of the temporal and frequency resolution afforded by electromagnetic measurements. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and an N-back WM task, we investigated functional abnormalities in combat-related mTBI. Study participants included 25 symptomatic active-duty service members or Veterans with combat-related mTBI and 20 healthy controls with similar combat experiences. MEG source-magnitude images were obtained for alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (15-30 Hz), gamma (30-90 Hz), and low-frequency (1-7 Hz) bands. Compared with healthy combat controls, mTBI participants showed increased MEG signals across frequency bands in frontal pole (FP), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), but decreased MEG signals in anterior cingulate cortex. Hyperactivations in FP, OFC, and anterior dlPFC were associated with slower reaction times. MEG activations in lateral FP also negatively correlated with performance on tests of letter sequencing, verbal fluency, and digit symbol coding. The profound hyperactivations from FP suggest that FP is particularly vulnerable to combat-related mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiong Huang
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Nichols
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Robb-Swan
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Deborah L Harrington
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Angela Drake
- Cedar Sinai Medical Group Chronic Pain Program, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Charles W Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mithun Diwakar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victoria B Risbrough
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott Matthews
- ASPIRE Center, VASDHS Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Royce Clifford
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chung-Kuan Cheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Anusha Sinha
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kate A Yurgil
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA.,Loyola University New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhengwei Ji
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Imanuel Lerman
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roland R Lee
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
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11
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Cook MJ, Gardner AJ, Wojtowicz M, Williams WH, Iverson GL, Stanwell P. Task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging activations in patients with acute and subacute mild traumatic brain injury: A coordinate-based meta-analysis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 25:102129. [PMID: 31891819 PMCID: PMC6939096 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ALE meta-analysis revealed functional activation differences in mTBI. Reduced activation identified within the right middle frontal gyrus. Suggests alteration of prefrontal region, associated with executive functioning. Need for addressing subject- and task-specific variation in future studies.
Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to examine neuroanatomical and functional changes following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Prior studies have lacked consistency in identifying common regions of altered neural activity during cognitive tasks. This may be partly due to differences in task paradigm, patient heterogeneity, and methods of fMRI analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis using an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method to identify regions of differential brain activation in patients with mTBI compared to healthy controls. We included experiments that performed scans from acute to subacute time points post-injury. The seven included studies recruited a total sample of 174 patients with mTBIs and 139 control participants. The results of our coordinate based meta-analysis revealed a single cluster of reduced activation within the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) that differentiated mTBI from healthy controls. We conclude that the cognitive impairments in memory and attention typically reported in mTBI patients may be associated with a deficit in the right MFG, which impacts the recruitment of neural networks important for attentional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cook
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Gardner
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Local Health District Sports Concussion Clinic, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Magdalena Wojtowicz
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Huw Williams
- Centre for Clinical Neuropsychology Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, and Spaulding Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA; MassGeneral Hospital for Children™ Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA, USA; Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Peter Stanwell
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Khetani A, Rohr CS, Sojoudi A, Bray S, Barlow KM. Alteration in Cerebral Activation during a Working Memory Task after Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Controlled Cohort Study. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3274-3283. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Khetani
- Department of Neuroscience and Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christiane S. Rohr
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alireza Sojoudi
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen M. Barlow
- Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Kaup AR, Toomey R, Bangen KJ, Delano-Wood L, Yaffe K, Panizzon MS, Lyons MJ, Franz CE, Kremen WS. Interactive Effect of Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychiatric Symptoms on Cognition among Late Middle-Aged Men: Findings from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:338-347. [PMID: 29978738 PMCID: PMC6338572 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depressive symptoms each increase the risk for cognitive impairment in older adults. We investigated whether TBI has long-term associations with cognition in late middle-aged men, and examined the role of current PTSD/depressive symptoms. Participants were 953 men (ages 56-66) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA), who were classified by presence or absence of (1) history of TBI and (2) current elevated psychiatric symptoms (defined as PTSD or depressive symptoms above cutoffs). TBIs had occurred an average of 35 years prior to assessment. Participants completed cognitive testing examining nine domains. In mixed-effects models, we tested the effect of TBI on cognition including for interactions between TBI and elevated psychiatric symptoms. Models adjusted for age, pre-morbid cognitive ability assessed at average age 20 years, apolipoprotein E genotype, and substance abuse; 33% (n = 310) of participants had TBI, mostly mild and remote; and 23% (n = 72) of those with TBI and 18% (n = 117) without TBI had current elevated psychiatric symptoms. TBI and psychiatric symptoms had interactive effects on cognition, particularly executive functioning. Group comparison analyses showed that men with both TBI and psychiatric symptoms demonstrated deficits primarily in executive functioning. Cognition was largely unaffected in men with either risk factor in isolation. Among late middle-aged men, the combination of even mild and very remote TBI with current elevated psychiatric symptoms is associated with deficits in executive function and related abilities. Future longitudinal studies should investigate how TBI and psychiatric factors interact to impact brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Kaup
- Research Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Address correspondence to: Allison R. Kaup, PhD, Research Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street (116B), San Francisco, CA, 94121
| | - Rosemary Toomey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine J. Bangen
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, California
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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14
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Coyle HL, Ponsford J, Hoy KE. Understanding individual variability in symptoms and recovery following mTBI: A role for TMS-EEG? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:140-149. [PMID: 29885426 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) includes neurometabolic and cytoskeletal changes that have been shown to impair structural and functional connectivity. Evidence that persistent neuropsychological impairments post injury are linked to structural and functional connectivity changes is increasing. However, to date the relationship between connectivity changes, heterogeneity of persistent symptoms and recovery post mTBI has been poorly characterised. Recent innovations in neuroimaging provide new ways of exploring connectivity changes post mTBI. Namely, combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) offers several advantages over traditional approaches for studying connectivity changes post TBI. Its ability to perturb neural function in a controlled manner allows for measurement of causal interactions or effective connectivity between brain regions. We review the current literature assessing structural and functional connectivity following mTBI and outline the rationale for the use of TMS-EEG as an ideal tool for investigating the neural substrates of connectivity dysfunction and reorganisation post mTBI. The diagnostic, prognostic and potential therapeutic implications will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Coyle
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University, Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jennie Ponsford
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University, Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Wright AD, Smirl JD, Bryk K, van Donkelaar P. A Prospective Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound-Based Evaluation of the Acute and Cumulative Effects of Sport-Related Concussion on Neurovascular Coupling Response Dynamics. J Neurotrauma 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Wright
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Smirl
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelsey Bryk
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Paul van Donkelaar
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Post-concussive complaints after mild traumatic brain injury associated with altered brain networks during working memory performance. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:1243-1253. [PMID: 26667033 PMCID: PMC5167217 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate brain network function during working memory (WM) task performance in patients with uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the sub-acute phase post-injury. We were particularly interested in differences between patients with (PCC-present) and without post-concussive complaints (PCC-absent). Fifty-two patients and twenty healthy controls (HCs) (matched for age, sex, education and handedness) were included. Two patient groups were created based on reported post-concussive complaints at two weeks post-injury: PCC-present (n = 32) and PCC-absent (n = 20). Functional MRI scans were made at approximately four weeks post-injury. Participants performed an n-back task consisting of three conditions (0-, 1- and 2-back) with increasing difficulty. General linear model analysis was performed to investigate activation patterns. Independent component analysis was used to identify brain networks. The frontal executive network (FEN), frontoparietal network (FPN) and default mode network (DMN) were selected for further analyses based on their highest task-relatedness. Task accuracy and reaction times were similar for patients with mTBI and HCs. During high WM load (2-vs.0-back contrast), mTBI patients exhibited lower activation within the medial prefrontal cortex compared to HCs. No differences were found between PCC-present and PCC-absent patients. Regarding network function, PCC-absent patients showed stronger deactivation of the DMN compared to PCC-present patients and HCs, especially during difficult task conditions. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the DMN and FEN was lower in PCC-absent patients compared to PCC-present patients. Interestingly, network function did not differ between PCC-present patients and HCs, suggesting that non-injury related factors may underlie post-concussive complaints after mTBI.
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17
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Medaglia JD. Functional Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Injury: From Nodes to Networks. Front Neurol 2017; 8:407. [PMID: 28883806 PMCID: PMC5574370 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the invention of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), thousands of studies in healthy and clinical samples have enlightened our understanding of the organization of cognition in the human brain and neuroplastic changes following brain disease and injury. Increasingly, studies involve analyses rooted in complex systems theory and analysis applied to clinical samples. Given the complexity in available approaches, concise descriptions of the theoretical motivation of network techniques and their relationship to traditional approaches and theory are necessary. To this end, this review concerns the use of fMRI to understand basic cognitive function and dysfunction in the human brain scaling from emphasis on basic units (or "nodes") in the brain to interactions within and between brain networks. First, major themes and theoretical issues in the scientific study of the injured brain are introduced to contextualize these analyses, particularly concerning functional "brain reorganization." Then, analytic approaches ranging from the voxel level to the systems level using graph theory and related approaches are reviewed as complementary approaches to examine neurocognitive processes following TBI. Next, some major findings relevant to functional reorganization hypotheses are discussed. Finally, major open issues in functional network analyses in neurotrauma are discussed in theoretical, analytic, and translational terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Medaglia
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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18
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Galetto V, Sacco K. Neuroplastic Changes Induced by Cognitive Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2017; 31:800-813. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968317723748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Cognitive deficits are among the most disabling consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to long-term outcomes and interfering with the individual’s recovery. One of the most effective ways to reduce the impact of cognitive disturbance in everyday life is cognitive rehabilitation, which is based on the principles of brain neuroplasticity and restoration. Although there are many studies in the literature focusing on the effectiveness of cognitive interventions in reducing cognitive deficits following TBI, only a few of them focus on neural modifications induced by cognitive treatment. The use of neuroimaging or neurophysiological measures to evaluate brain changes induced by cognitive rehabilitation may have relevant clinical implications, since they could add individualized elements to cognitive assessment. Nevertheless, there are no review studies in the literature investigating neuroplastic changes induced by cognitive training in TBI individuals. Objective. Due to lack of data, the goal of this article is to review what is currently known on the cerebral modifications following rehabilitation programs in chronic TBI. Methods. Studies investigating both the functional and structural neural modifications induced by cognitive training in TBI subjects were identified from the results of database searches. Forty-five published articles were initially selected. Of these, 34 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Results. Eleven studies were found that focused solely on the functional and neurophysiological changes induced by cognitive rehabilitation. Conclusions. Outcomes showed that cerebral activation may be significantly modified by cognitive rehabilitation, in spite of the severity of the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Galetto
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Centro Puzzle, Turin, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Sacco
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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19
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Correas A, Cuesta P, López-Caneda E, Rodríguez Holguín S, García-Moreno LM, Pineda-Pardo JA, Cadaveira F, Maestú F. Functional and structural brain connectivity of young binge drinkers: a follow-up study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31293. [PMID: 27506835 PMCID: PMC4978962 DOI: 10.1038/srep31293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of ongoing brain maturation characterized by hierarchical changes in the functional and structural networks. For this reason, the young brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol. Nowadays, binge drinking is a pattern of alcohol consumption increasingly prevalent among adolescents. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the evolution of the functional and anatomical connectivity of the Default Mode Network (DMN) in young binge drinkers along two years. Magnetoencephalography signal during eyes closed resting state as well as Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) were acquired twice within a 2-year interval from 39 undergraduate students (22 controls, 17 binge drinkers) with neither personal nor family history of alcoholism. The group comparison showed that, after maintaining a binge drinking pattern along at least two years, binge drinkers displayed an increased brain connectivity of the DMN in comparison with the control group. On the other hand, the structural connectivity did not show significant differences neither between groups nor over the time. These findings point out that a continued pattern of binge drinking leads to functional alterations in the normal brain maturation process, even before anatomical changes can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Correas
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Centre of Biomedical Technology (CTB), 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Cuesta
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Centre of Biomedical Technology (CTB), 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - E López-Caneda
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, Research Center on Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, 4710, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - S Rodríguez Holguín
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L M García-Moreno
- Department of Psychobiology, Complutense University Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Pineda-Pardo
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Centre of Biomedical Technology (CTB), 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Cadaveira
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Centre of Biomedical Technology (CTB), 28223, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Wang X, Xie H, Cotton AS, Brickman KR, Lewis TJ, Wall JT, Tamburrino MB, Bauer WR, Law K, McLean SA, Liberzon I. Early Changes in Cortical Emotion Processing Circuits after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury from Motor Vehicle Collision. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:273-280. [PMID: 27169480 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients frequently experience emotion dysregulation symptoms, including post-traumatic stress. Although mTBI likely affects cortical activation and structure, resulting in cognitive symptoms after mTBI, early effects of mTBI on cortical emotion processing circuits have rarely been examined. To assess early mTBI effects on cortical functional and structural components of emotion processing, we assessed cortical activation to fearful faces within the first 2 weeks after motor vehicle collision (MVC) in survivors who did and did not experience mTBI. We also examined the thicknesses of cortical regions with altered activation. MVC survivors with mTBI (n = 21) had significantly less activation in left superior parietal gyrus (SPG) (-5.9, -81.8, 33.8; p = 10-3.623), left medial orbitofrontal gyrus (mOFG) (-4.7, 36.1, -19.3; p = 10-3.231), and left and right lateral orbitofrontal gyri (lOFG) (left: -16.0, 41.4, -16.6; p = 10-2.573; right: 18.7, 22.7, -17.7; p = 10-2.764) than MVC survivors without mTBI (n = 23). SPG activation in mTBI survivors within 2 weeks after MVC was negatively correlated with subsequent post-traumatic stress symptom severity at 3 months (r = -0.68, p = 0.03). Finally, the SPG region was thinner in the mTBI survivors than in the non-mTBI survivors (F = 11.07, p = 0.002). These results suggest that early differences in activation and structure in cortical emotion processing circuits in trauma survivors who sustain mTBI may contribute to the development of emotion-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,2 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,3 Department of Radiology, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Hong Xie
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Andrew S Cotton
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | | | | | - John T Wall
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - William R Bauer
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Kenny Law
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Samuel A McLean
- 5 Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Israel Liberzon
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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21
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King TZ, Smith KM, Burns TG, Sun B, Shin J, Jones RA, Drossner D, Mahle WT. fMRI investigation of working memory in adolescents with surgically treated congenital heart disease. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2016; 6:7-21. [DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2015.1065185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Chen DYT, Hsu HL, Kuo YS, Wu CW, Chiu WT, Yan FX, Wang WS, Chen CJ, Tseng YC. Effect of Age on Working Memory Performance and Cerebral Activation after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Functional MR Imaging Study. Radiology 2016; 278:854-62. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015150612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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van der Horn HJ, Liemburg EJ, Aleman A, Spikman JM, van der Naalt J. Brain Networks Subserving Emotion Regulation and Adaptation after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1-9. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harm J. van der Horn
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J. Liemburg
- BCN NeuroImaging Center of the Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- BCN NeuroImaging Center of the Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoba M. Spikman
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joukje van der Naalt
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Mayer AR, Hanlon FM, Dodd AB, Ling JM, Klimaj SD, Meier TB. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of cognitive control and neurosensory deficits in mild traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4394-406. [PMID: 26493161 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury patients (mTBI) frequently report symptoms of increased distractability and sensory disturbances during mutisensory stimulation. These common post-concussive symptoms could putatively result from dysfunction within the cognitive control network (CCN; top-down) or from unisensory cortex (bottom-up) itself. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and high-resolution structural data were therefore prospectively collected during a multisensory (audio-visual) cognitive control task from 46 mTBI patients within 3 weeks of injury and 46 matched healthy controls (HC), with a subset of participants returning at 4 months. Multisensory stimuli were presented at two frequencies to manipulate cognitive and perceptual load. Patients self-reported more cognitive, emotional, somatic, vestibular and visual symptoms relative to HC, which improved, but did not entirely resolve, over the 4 month follow-up period. There were no group differences in behavior or functional activation during cognitive control (incongruent--congruent trials). In contrast, patients exhibited abnormal activation within different regions of visual cortex that depended on whether attention was focused on auditory or visual information streams. Patients also exhibited increased activation within bilateral inferior parietal lobules during higher cognitive/perceptual loads, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to achieve similar levels of behavioral performance. Functional abnormalities within the visual cortex and inferior parietal lobules were only partially resolved at 4 months post-injury, suggesting that neural abnormalities may take longer to resolve than behavioral measures used in most clinical settings. In summary, current results indicate that abnormalities within unisensory cortex (particularly visual areas) following mTBI, which likely contribute to deficits commonly reported during multisensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Faith M Hanlon
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Andrew B Dodd
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Josef M Ling
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Stefan D Klimaj
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Timothy B Meier
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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25
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Bodanapally UK, Sours C, Zhuo J, Shanmuganathan K. Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injury. Radiol Clin North Am 2015; 53:695-715, viii. [PMID: 26046506 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Imaging plays an important role in the management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Computed tomography (CT) is the first-line imaging technique allowing rapid detection of primary structural brain lesions that require surgical intervention. CT also detects various deleterious secondary insults allowing early medical and surgical management. Serial imaging is critical to identifying secondary injuries. MR imaging is indicated in patients with acute TBI when CT fails to explain neurologic findings. However, MR imaging is superior in patients with subacute and chronic TBI and also predicts neurocognitive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam K Bodanapally
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chandler Sours
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jiachen Zhuo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kathirkamanathan Shanmuganathan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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26
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Urban KJ, Barlow KM, Jimenez JJ, Goodyear BG, Dunn JF. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy reveals reduced interhemispheric cortical communication after pediatric concussion. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:833-40. [PMID: 25387354 PMCID: PMC4449632 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a growing concern, especially among the pediatric population. By age 25, as many as 30% of the population are likely to have had a concussion. Many result in long-term disability, with some evolving to postconcussion syndrome. Treatments are being developed, but are difficult to assess given the lack of measures to quantitatively monitor concussion. There is no accepted quantitative imaging metric for monitoring concussion. We hypothesized that because cognitive function and fiber tracks are often impacted in concussion, interhemispheric brain communication may be impaired. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to quantify functional coherence between the left and right motor cortex as a marker of interhemispheric communication. Studies were undertaken during the resting state and with a finger-tapping task to activate the motor cortex. Pediatric patients (ages 12-18) had symptoms for 31-473 days, compared to controls, who have not had reported a previous concussion. We detected differences between patients and controls in coherence between the contralateral motor cortices using measurements of total hemoglobin and oxy-hemoglobin with a p<0.01 (n=8, control; n=12 mTBI). Given the critical need for a quantitative biomarker for recovery after a concussion, we present these data to highlight the potential of fNIRS coupled with interhemispheric coherence analysis as a biomarker of concussion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina J. Urban
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Experimental Imaging Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen M. Barlow
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jon J. Jimenez
- Experimental Imaging Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley G. Goodyear
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff F. Dunn
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Experimental Imaging Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Cognitive Improvement after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Measured with Functional Neuroimaging during the Acute Period. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126110. [PMID: 25962067 PMCID: PMC4427352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have been largely limited to patients with persistent post-concussive symptoms, utilizing images obtained months to years after the actual head trauma. We sought to distinguish acute and delayed effects of mild traumatic brain injury on working memory functional brain activation patterns < 72 hours after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and again one-week later. We hypothesized that clinical and fMRI measures of working memory would be abnormal in symptomatic mTBI patients assessed < 72 hours after injury, with most patients showing clinical recovery (i.e., improvement in these measures) within 1 week after the initial assessment. We also hypothesized that increased memory workload at 1 week following injury would expose different cortical activation patterns in mTBI patients with persistent post-concussive symptoms, compared to those with full clinical recovery. We performed a prospective, cohort study of working memory in emergency department patients with isolated head injury and clinical diagnosis of concussion, compared to control subjects (both uninjured volunteers and emergency department patients with extremity injuries and no head trauma). The primary outcome of cognitive recovery was defined as resolution of reported cognitive impairment and quantified by scoring the subject’s reported cognitive post-concussive symptoms at 1 week. Secondary outcomes included additional post-concussive symptoms and neurocognitive testing results. We enrolled 46 subjects: 27 with mild TBI and 19 controls. The time of initial neuroimaging was 48 (+22 S.D.) hours after injury (time 1). At follow up (8.7, + 1.2 S.D., days after injury, time 2), 18 of mTBI subjects (64%) reported moderate to complete cognitive recovery, 8 of whom fully recovered between initial and follow-up imaging. fMRI changes from time 1 to time 2 showed an increase in posterior cingulate activation in the mTBI subjects compared to controls. Increases in activation were greater in those mTBI subjects without cognitive recovery. As workload increased in mTBI subjects, activation increased in cortical regions in the right hemisphere. In summary, we found neuroimaging evidence for working memory deficits during the first week following mild traumatic brain injury. Subjects with persistent cognitive symptoms after mTBI had increased requirement for posterior cingulate activation to complete memory tasks at 1 week following a brain injury. These results provide insight into functional activation patterns during initial recovery from mTBI and expose the regional activation networks that may be involved in working memory deficits.
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Hsu HL, Chen DYT, Tseng YC, Kuo YS, Huang YL, Chiu WT, Yan FX, Wang WS, Chen CJ. Sex Differences in Working Memory after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Functional MR Imaging Study. Radiology 2015; 276:828-35. [PMID: 25919663 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015142549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate sex differences in mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) with working memory functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research ethics committee approval and patient written informed consent were obtained. Working memory brain activation patterns were assessed with functional MR imaging in 30 patients (15 consecutive men and 15 consecutive women) with MTBI and 30 control subjects (15 consecutive men and 15 consecutive women). Two imaging studies were performed in patients: the initial study, which was performed within 1 month after the injury, and a follow-up study, which was performed 6 weeks after the first study. For each participant, digit span and continuous performance testing were performed before functional MR imaging. Clinical data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed rank, and Fisher exact tests. Within- and between-group differences of functional MR imaging data were analyzed with one- and two-sample t tests, respectively. RESULTS Among female participants, the total digit span score was lower in the MTBI group than in the control group (P = .044). In initial working memory functional MR imaging studies, hyperactivation was found in the male MTBI group and hypoactivation was found in the female MTBI group compared with control male and female groups, respectively. At the 6-week follow-up study, the female MTBI group showed persistent hypoactivation, whereas the male MTBI group showed a regression of hyperactivation at visual comparison of activation maps. The male MTBI group was also found to have a higher initial ß value than the male control group (P = .040), and there was no significant difference between the male MTBI group and the male control group (P = .221) at follow-up evaluation, which was comparable to findings on activation maps. In the female MTBI group, average ß values at both initial and follow-up studies were lower compared with those in the female control group but were not statistically significant (P = .663 and P = .191, respectively). CONCLUSION Female patients with MTBI had lower digit span scores than did female control subjects, and functional MR imaging depicted sex differences in working memory functional activation; hypoactivation with nonrecovery of activation change at follow-up studies may suggest a worse working memory outcome in female patients with MTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Hsu
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, No. 291, Jhong-Jheng Road, 235 Jhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - David Yen-Ting Chen
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, No. 291, Jhong-Jheng Road, 235 Jhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Chi Tseng
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, No. 291, Jhong-Jheng Road, 235 Jhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Sheng Kuo
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, No. 291, Jhong-Jheng Road, 235 Jhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, No. 291, Jhong-Jheng Road, 235 Jhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Ta Chiu
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, No. 291, Jhong-Jheng Road, 235 Jhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Feng-Xian Yan
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, No. 291, Jhong-Jheng Road, 235 Jhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Shuan Wang
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, No. 291, Jhong-Jheng Road, 235 Jhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Jen Chen
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, No. 291, Jhong-Jheng Road, 235 Jhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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Zheng W, Wu C. A bio-inspired memory model embedded with a causality reasoning function for structural fault location. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120080. [PMID: 25798991 PMCID: PMC4370516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is challenged by massive data storage pressure and structural fault location. In response to these issues, a bio-inspired memory model that is embedded with a causality reasoning function is proposed for fault location. First, the SHM data for processing are divided into three temporal memory areas to control data volume reasonably. Second, the inherent potential of the causal relationships in structural state monitoring is mined. Causality and dependence indices are also proposed to establish the mechanism of quantitative description of the reason and result events. Third, a mechanism of causality reasoning is developed for the reason and result events to locate faults in a SHM system. Finally, a deformation experiment conducted on a steel spring plate demonstrates that the proposed model can be applied to real-time acquisition, compact data storage, and system fault location in a SHM system. Moreover, the model is compared with some typical methods based on an experimental benchmark dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Technology and System of the Education Ministry of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunxian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Technology and System of the Education Ministry of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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30
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging of mild traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 49:8-18. [PMID: 25434880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers great promise for elucidating the neuropathology associated with a single or repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The current review discusses the physiological underpinnings of the blood-oxygen level dependent response and how trauma affects the signal. Methodological challenges associated with fMRI data analyses are considered next, followed by a review of current mTBI findings. The majority of evoked studies have examined working memory and attentional functioning, with results suggesting a complex relationship between cognitive load/attentional demand and neuronal activation. Researchers have more recently investigated how brain trauma affects functional connectivity, and the benefits/drawbacks of evoked and functional connectivity studies are also discussed. The review concludes by discussing the major clinical challenges associated with fMRI studies of brain-injured patients, including patient heterogeneity and variations in scan-time post-injury. We conclude that the fMRI signal represents a complex filter through which researchers can measure the physiological correlates of concussive symptoms, an important goal for the burgeoning field of mTBI research.
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31
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Mez J, Stern RA, McKee AC. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: where are we and where are we going? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2014; 13:407. [PMID: 24136455 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-013-0407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE, previously called punch drunk and dementia pugilistica) has a rich history in the medical literature in association with boxing, but has only recently been recognized with other contact sports, such as football and ice hockey, as well as with military blast injuries. CTE is thought to be a neurodegenerative disease associated with repeated concussive and subconcussive blows to the head. There is characteristic gross and microscopic pathology found in the brain, including frontal and temporal atrophy, axonal degeneration, and hyperphosphorylated tau and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 pathology. Clinically, there are characteristic progressive deficits in cognition (memory, executive dysfunction), behavior (explosivity, aggression), mood (depression, suicidality), and motor function (parkinsonism), which correlate with the anatomic distribution of brain pathology. While CTE shares clinical and neuropathological traits with other neurodegenerative diseases, the clinical syndrome and the neuropathology as a whole are distinct from other neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the CTE literature to date. We also draw on the literature from mild traumatic brain injury and other neurodegenerative dementias, particularly when these studies provide guidance for future CTE research. We conclude by suggesting seven essential areas for future CTE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite 7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,
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32
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Suchy Y, Euler M, Eastvold A. Exaggerated reaction to novelty as a subclinical consequence of mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2014; 28:972-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.888766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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The effect of cognitive task complexity on gait stability in adolescents following concussion. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:1773-82. [PMID: 24531643 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Concussion has been reported to result in disturbances to motor and cognitive functions. One way to examine these disturbances is through a dual-task assessment. Many secondary cognitive tasks have been proposed as appropriate tools during concussion assessment; however, task complexity has not been compared within a dual-task investigation. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine how gait balance control was affected by three secondary cognitive tasks of varying complexity following concussion. Forty-six adolescents completed a dual-task walking protocol which included walking without any cognitive task (WALK), walking while completing a single auditory Stroop (SAS), multiple auditory Stroop (MAS), and a question and answer task (Q&A). Those who sustained a concussion (n = 23, mean age 15.4 ± 1.3 years) reported to the laboratory within 72 h of injury and in the following time increments: 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months post-injury. Twenty-three healthy control subjects (mean age 15.4 ± 1.3 years), individually matched to each concussion subject, completed the same protocol in similar time increments. The concussion group demonstrated greater total center of mass (COM) medial/lateral displacement in the MAS and Q&A conditions compared with the control group. The concussion group also displayed the greatest peak COM anterior velocity in the least complex condition (WALK), and a significant decrease was observed as task complexity increased (SAS > MAS > Q&A). These findings indicate that gait balance control may be affected by task complexity following concussion and represent a way to identify motor recovery following concussion.
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34
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Bigler ED. Neuroimaging biomarkers in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Neuropsychol Rev 2013; 23:169-209. [PMID: 23974873 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-013-9237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reviewed herein are contemporary neuroimaging methods that detect abnormalities associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Despite advances in demonstrating underlying neuropathology in a subset of individuals who sustain mTBI, considerable disagreement persists in neuropsychology about mTBI outcome and metrics for evaluation. This review outlines a thesis for the select use of sensitive neuroimaging methods as potential biomarkers of brain injury recognizing that the majority of individuals who sustain an mTBI recover without neuroimaging signs or neuropsychological sequelae detected with methods currently applied. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides several measures that could serve as mTBI biomarkers including the detection of hemosiderin and white matter abnormalities, assessment of white matter integrity derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and quantitative measures that directly assess neuroanatomy. Improved prediction of neuropsychological outcomes in mTBI may be achieved with the use of targeted neuroimaging markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Bigler
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 1001 SWKT, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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