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Hurel E, Grall-Bronnec M, Challet-Bouju G. Online Assessment of Social Cognition in a Population of Gamers and Gamblers: Results of the eSMILE Study. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:1611-1633. [PMID: 37742231 PMCID: PMC10627996 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the eSMILE study was to explore social cognition (SC) in the two behavioural addictions (BAs) included in international classifications: gaming disorder and gambling disorder. In these disorders, cognitive functioning is involved in the development and maintenance of addiction. Nevertheless, SC have received less attention than other cognitive functions. The eSMILE study was conducted online and included 105 participants (gamers and gamblers). This study included: the Penn emotion recognition task, the Condensed and Revised Multifaced Empathy Test, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Chicken Game, social metacognition questions, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. We analysed the relationships among SC measures, addiction levels, and behaviour frequency. For gamers, we showed that the higher their level of addiction was, the lower their self-confidence following the identification of basic emotions, although the more frequently they played, the better their performance on this task. Additionally, we found lower performance on the identification of more complex emotions by gamblers, which seems to be the result of their levels of addiction rather than the frequency of their gambling behaviour. This study contributes to our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying BAs. Additionally, working on SC abilities may be an additional management mode for BAs that could be added to existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Hurel
- CHU de Nantes, UIC Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.
- Univ Tours, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patient Centered Outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, SPHERE, Nantes Université, 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- CHU de Nantes, UIC Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
- Univ Tours, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patient Centered Outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, SPHERE, Nantes Université, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Gaëlle Challet-Bouju
- CHU de Nantes, UIC Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
- Univ Tours, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patient Centered Outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, SPHERE, Nantes Université, 44000, Nantes, France
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Vishwanathan A, Kashyap H, Reddy RP, Philip M, Thippeswamy H, Desai G. Neurocognition and Metacognition in Anxiety Disorders. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:558-566. [PMID: 36339691 PMCID: PMC9615456 DOI: 10.1177/02537176211072408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive deficits are noted in anxiety disorders (ADs), albeit with several inconsistencies. The relationship between neurocognition and metacognition may have potential implications for understanding cognitive dysfunction but is poorly understood in ADs. This study aimed to examine the relationship between neurocognition and metacognition in ADs, with a cross-sectional design. METHODS The sample included ADs (n = 25) and nonclinical (n = 25) groups matched on age, gender, and education. Neurocognition was assessed using tests for intelligence, attention, working memory, fluency, flexibility, set-shifting, inhibition, planning, and memory; and metacognition using Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) and Metacognitive Awareness and Regulation Scale (MARS). RESULTS Compared to comparison/normative scores, the anxiety group showed significantly poorer performance on zoo map test (low demand trial; P = 0.007), rule shift cards 1 (P ≤ 0.001), rule shift cards 2 (P ≤ 0.001), and logical memory immediate recall (P ≤ 0.001) and delayed recall (P ≤ 0.001); greater negative beliefs about worry (P = 0.005), and poorer metacognitive awareness and regulation (P = 0.01). Greater cognitive self-consciousness was correlated with better planning (Spearman's rho = -0.509, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with ADs show neurocognitive difficulties in planning, set-shifting, and logical memory, dysfunctional metacognition, and reduced metacognitive awareness and regulation. Cognitive self-consciousness is linked to better planning. The interrelationships between neurocognition and metacognition may have potential implications for clarifying inconsistent findings and designing novel cognitive interventions in ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himani Kashyap
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Mariamma Philip
- Dept. of Biostatistics, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Geetha Desai
- Dept. of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kashyap H, Abramovitch A. Neuropsychological Research in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Current Status and Future Directions. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:721601. [PMID: 34790136 PMCID: PMC8591286 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychological functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been extensively investigated. Despite some common findings across studies indicating deficient test performance across cognitive domains with small to medium effect sizes, results remain inconsistent and heterogeneous. However, multiple past attempts to identify moderators that may account for such variability have been unrewarding. Typical moderators including symptom severity, age at onset, medication status, and comorbid conditions failed to provide sufficient explanatory power. It has then been posited that these inconsistencies may be attributed to the inherent heterogeneous nature of the disorder (i.e., symptom dimensions), or to the natural fluctuation in symptom severity. However, recent meta-analyses suggest that these factors may not account for the persistent unexplained variability. Other potential factors-some of which are unique to neuropsychological testing-received scarce research attention, including definition of cognitive impairments, specificity and selection of test and outcome measures, and their limited ecological validity. Other moderators, particularly motivational aspects, and metacognitive factors (e.g., self-efficacy) were not previously addressed despite their potential association to OCD, and their documented impact on cognitive function. The aim of the present mini-review is to provide an updated succinct overview of the current status of the neuropsychological literature in OCD and expanding upon oft-neglected potential moderators and their putative impact on neuropsychological findings in OCD. Our goal is to highlight important avenues for further research and provide a road map for investigators in order to advance our understanding of cognitive functions in OCD that has been stagnant in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Kashyap
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Amitai Abramovitch
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
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Rogier G, Beomonte Zobel S, Morganti W, Ponzoni S, Velotti P. Metacognition in gambling disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106600. [PMID: 32861990 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent literature, abnormalities in the metacognitive domain have been pointed out as psychological variables that may account for a wide range of psychopathologies, including gambling disorder (GD). Considering the growing but scattered nature of the research concerning the relationship between metacognition and GD, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing results are required. METHODS We performed a systematic search through five scientific databases for research published till December 10, 2019, following PRISMA guidelines. We also searched grey literature. After removing the redundancy, 16.855 records were screened. RESULTS Unanimously, authors selected 10 articles based on the inclusion criteria. Four of the selected studies evaluated metacognitive abilities towards cognitive performances, mostly considering metacognitive deficits about decision-making, while metacognitive beliefs were assessed by six of the selected articles. Only one study examined metacognitive functioning regarding GD. The meta-analytic procedure was performed on 10 identified studies based on the criteria adopted, which comprised 1.655 individuals. Results showed that the average effect size linking metacognitive dysfunctions and GD was significant and moderated by the instrument used to measure metacognition. CONCLUSIONS The examined line of research is highly heterogeneous owing to the type of operationalization adopted for metacognition. The systematic review also showed a grey area, evidencing the lack of research on metacognitive functions. Results demonstrated by this meta-analysis call for future studies examining the role of metacognitive deficits in GD in order to delineate useful clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyonne Rogier
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Ponzoni
- School of Social Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Velotti
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Hurel E, Grall-Bronnec M, Thiabaud E, Saillard A, Hardouin JB, Challet-Bouju G. A Case-Control Study on Behavioral Addictions and Neurocognition: Description of the BANCO and BANCO2 Protocols. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2369-2386. [PMID: 34321880 PMCID: PMC8312511 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s292490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Only two behavioral addictions (BAs) are currently recognized in international classifications (gambling disorder: GbD; gaming disorder: GmD), while some of them await further investigation (food addiction: FA; sexual addiction: SA). Neurocognitive functioning is considered a risk factor for BAs. Research is quite abundant for GbD and highlights specific deficits in several cognitive functions. Nevertheless, grey areas still exist. The aim of this research programme is to investigate the neurocognitive profiles of patients presenting with various BAs and to establish parallels between different forms of BA to achieve a common addiction concept. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This research program is composed of two studies sharing the same methodology but focusing on different samples: the BANCO study aims to include 30 individuals with a GbD, whereas the BANCO2 study aims to include 30 individuals with a GmD, 30 with a SA, and 30 with a FA. Moreover, for each BA group, 30 healthy controls will be recruited, matched by sex, age and education level. Several cognitive tasks will be completed by participants. Cue reactivity and physiological responses, as well as clinical data regarding addiction characteristics and personality, will also be investigated. A composite score based on the cognitive tasks will be computed using principal component analysis (PCA). Overall cognitive performance and detailed performance on the different cognitive tasks will be compared between individuals with BAs and their matched healthy controls using linear models with random effects. Comparisons will also be made between BA groups to investigate specific alterations associated with each disorder. DISCUSSION The results of this research programme will impact both research and clinical areas by (i) providing new knowledge for discussions regarding the inclusion of BAs under the spectrum of addictive disorders; (ii) improving understanding of addiction mechanisms in general; (iii) providing clarity in the grey areas in neurocognitive research on BAs and improving the understanding of less studied BAs, (iv) guiding clinicians to propose therapeutic alternatives and complementary programmes. TRIAL REGISTRATION BANCO study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03202290); BANCO2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03967418).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Hurel
- CHU Nantes, Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes, France.,INSERM U1246 SPHERE (methodS in Patient-centered outcomes & HEalth ResEarch), University of Nantes, University of Tours, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- CHU Nantes, Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes, France.,INSERM U1246 SPHERE (methodS in Patient-centered outcomes & HEalth ResEarch), University of Nantes, University of Tours, Nantes, France
| | - Elsa Thiabaud
- CHU Nantes, Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes, France
| | - Anaïs Saillard
- CHU Nantes, Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Hardouin
- INSERM U1246 SPHERE (methodS in Patient-centered outcomes & HEalth ResEarch), University of Nantes, University of Tours, Nantes, France
| | - Gaëlle Challet-Bouju
- CHU Nantes, Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes, France.,INSERM U1246 SPHERE (methodS in Patient-centered outcomes & HEalth ResEarch), University of Nantes, University of Tours, Nantes, France
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Quiles C, Prouteau A, Verdoux H. Assessing metacognition during or after basic-level and high-level cognitive tasks? A comparative study in a non-clinical sample. Encephale 2020; 46:3-6. [PMID: 31227210 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study explored in a non-clinical sample whether metacognitive awareness assessments measured during ("on line") and after ("end line") a neuropsychological task lead to comparable results in tests exploring basic-level or high-level cognitive functions. Short-term memory and working memory tests (forward and backward digit recall of the WAIS-III) were used to measure basic-level cognitive function. A social cognition test, the French adaptation of the Faces Test, was used to assess high-level cognitive function through recognition of facial emotions. For these two tests, we explored "on line" metacognitive awareness using a method based upon Koriat and Goldsmith's protocol. After each answer, participants were asked to rate their level of confidence in the correctness of their response. Persons had also to rate their confidence in their answer only once, at the end of the neuropsychological test, in order to explore "end line" metacognitive awareness. They were then asked "do you feel you have passed this test?" and had to rate their feeling of success on a 4-point Likert-type scale ("no", "rather not", "rather yes", "yes"). No association was found between "on line" and "end line" metacognitive awareness scores on memory tests. Poor "end line" metacognitive awareness was associated with lower "on line" metacognitive awareness score in the social cognition test. It might be of interest to assess both "on line" and "end line" metacognitive awareness in persons with schizophrenia to better take into accounts the multi-faceted structure of metacognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quiles
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, U1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre hospitalier Charles-Perrens, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Prouteau
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie Santé et Qualité de la vie EA 4139, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - H Verdoux
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, U1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre hospitalier Charles-Perrens, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Amanzio M, Palermo S, Zucca M, Rosato R, Rubino E, Leotta D, Bartoli M, Rainero I. Neuropsychological Correlates of Pre-Frailty in Neurocognitive Disorders: A Possible Role for Metacognitive Dysfunction and Mood Changes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:199. [PMID: 29188218 PMCID: PMC5694746 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested that cognitive functions in patients with neurocognitive disorders have a significant role in the pathogenic mechanisms of frailty. Although pre-frailty is considered an intermediate, preclinical state, epidemiological research has begun to dislodge cognition and frailty into their specific subcomponents to understand the relationship among them. We aim to analyse the possible association between pre-frailty and neuropsychological variables to outline which factors can contribute to minor and major neurocognitive disorders. Methods 60 subjects complaining of different cognitive deficits underwent a deep-in-wide frailty and neuropsychological assessment. We conducted three multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for a combination of demographic measures and involving several neuropsychological–behavioural parameters selected by the literature on physical frailty. Results We found a significant association between frailty—as measured by the multidimensional prognostic index (MPI)—and action monitoring and monetary gain (cognitive domain), depression and disinhibition (behavioural domain). Moreover, an association between MPI and impaired awareness for instrumental activities disabilities exists. Conclusion We propose a novel framework for understanding frailty associated with metacognitive–executive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Amanzio
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Palermo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Milena Zucca
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosalba Rosato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Quiles C, Prouteau A, Verdoux H. Associations between self-esteem, anxiety and depression and metacognitive awareness or metacognitive knowledge. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:738-41. [PMID: 26548980 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study explored in a non-clinical sample the associations between self-esteem, anxiety and depression symptoms and metacognitive awareness or metacognitive knowledge. Higher metacognitive awareness scores measured during the neuropsychological tasks were positively associated with higher depression scores in the social cognition test. Metacognitive knowledge score measured independently of ongoing neuropsychological tasks was positively associated with lower self-esteem, higher anxiety (state or trait) and depression scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clélia Quiles
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, U657, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoinette Prouteau
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie Santé et Qualité de la vie, EA 4139, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Verdoux
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, U657, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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