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Toller G, Cobigo Y, Ljubenkov PA, Appleby BS, Dickerson BC, Domoto-Reilly K, Fong JC, Forsberg LK, Gavrilova RH, Ghoshal N, Heuer HW, Knopman DS, Kornak J, Lapid MI, Litvan I, Lucente DE, Mackenzie IR, McGinnis SM, Miller BL, Pedraza O, Rojas JC, Staffaroni AM, Wong B, Wszolek ZK, Boeve BF, Boxer AL, Rosen HJ, Rankin KP. Sensitivity of the Social Behavior Observer Checklist to Early Symptoms of Patients With Frontotemporal Dementia. Neurology 2022; 99:e488-e499. [PMID: 35584922 PMCID: PMC9421596 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Changes in social behavior are common symptoms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer disease syndromes. For early identification of individual patients and differential diagnosis, sensitive clinical measures are required that are able to assess patterns of behaviors and detect syndromic differences in both asymptomatic and symptomatic stages. We investigated whether the examiner-based Social Behavior Observer Checklist (SBOCL) is sensitive to early behavior changes and reflects disease severity within and between neurodegenerative syndromes. METHODS Asymptomatic individuals and patients with neurodegenerative disease were selected from the multisite ALLFTD cohort study. In a sample of participants with at least 1 time point of SBOCL data, we investigated whether the Disorganized, Reactive, and Insensitive subscales of the SBOCL change as a function of disease stage within and between these syndromes. In a longitudinal subsample with both SBOCL and neuroimaging data, we examined whether change over time on each subscale corresponds to progressive gray matter atrophy. RESULTS A total of 1,082 FTLD pathogenic variant carriers and noncarriers were enrolled (282 asymptomatic, 341 behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, 114 semantic and 95 nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia, 137 progressive supranuclear palsy, and 113 Alzheimer disease syndrome). The Disorganized score increased between asymptomatic to very mild (p = 0.016, estimate = -1.10, 95% CI = -1.99 to -0.22), very mild to mild (p = 0.013, estimate = -1.17, 95% CI = -2.08 to -0.26), and mild to moderate/severe (p < 0.001, estimate = -2.00, 95% CI = -2.55 to -1.45) disease stages in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia regardless of pathogenic variant status. Asymptomatic GRN pathogenic gene variant carriers showed more reactive behaviors (preoccupation with time: p = 0.001, estimate = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.16; self-consciousness: p = 0.003, estimate = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.52 to 2.01) than asymptomatic noncarriers (estimate = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.03; estimate = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.41). The Insensitive score increased to a clinically abnormal level in advanced stages of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (p = 0.003, estimate = -0.73, 95% CI = -1.18 to -0.29). Higher scores on each subscale corresponded with higher caregiver burden (p < 0.001). Greater change over time corresponded to greater fronto-subcortical atrophy in the semantic-appraisal and fronto-parietal intrinsically connected networks. DISCUSSION The SBOCL is sensitive to early symptoms and reflects disease severity, with some evidence for progression across asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of FTLD syndromes; thus, it may hold promise for early measurement and monitoring of behavioral symptoms in clinical practice and treatment trials. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that the SBOCL is sensitive to early behavioral changes in FTLD pathogenic variants and early symptomatic individuals in a highly educated patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Toller
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
| | - Yann Cobigo
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Peter A Ljubenkov
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Brian S Appleby
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Kimiko Domoto-Reilly
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Jamie C Fong
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Leah K Forsberg
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ralitza H Gavrilova
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Nupur Ghoshal
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Hilary W Heuer
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - David S Knopman
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - John Kornak
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Maria I Lapid
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Irene Litvan
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Diane E Lucente
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ian R Mackenzie
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Scott M McGinnis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Bruce L Miller
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Otto Pedraza
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Julio C Rojas
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Adam M Staffaroni
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Bonnie Wong
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Brad F Boeve
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Adam L Boxer
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Howard J Rosen
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., Y.C., P.A.L., J.C.F., H.W.H., B.L.M., J.C.R., A.M.S., A.L.B., H.J.R., K.P.R.), Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (B.S.A.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit (B.C.D., D.E.L., S.M.M., B.W.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology (K.D.-R.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurology (L.K.F., R.H.G., D.S.K., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (N.G.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.K.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (M.I.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.L.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.R.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology (O.P.), and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Poos JM, MacDougall A, van den Berg E, Jiskoot LC, Papma JM, van der Ende EL, Seelaar H, Russell LL, Peakman G, Convery R, Pijnenburg YAL, Moreno F, Sanchez-Valle R, Borroni B, Laforce R, Doré MC, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Graff C, Galimberti D, Rowe JB, Finger E, Synofzik M, Vandenberghe R, Mendonça A, Tiraboschi P, Santana I, Ducharme S, Butler C, Gerhard A, Levin J, Danek A, Otto M, Le Ber I, Pasquier F, van Swieten J, Rohrer JD. Longitudinal Cognitive Changes in Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Within the GENFI Cohort. Neurology 2022; 99:e281-e295. [PMID: 35483895 PMCID: PMC9302936 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Disease-modifying therapeutic trials for genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are underway, but sensitive cognitive outcome measures are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify such cognitive tests in early stage FTD by investigating cognitive decline in a large cohort of genetic FTD pathogenic variant carriers and by investigating whether gene-specific differences are moderated by disease stage (asymptomatic, prodromal, and symptomatic). METHODS C9orf72, GRN, and MAPT pathogenic variant carriers as well as controls underwent a yearly neuropsychological assessment covering 8 cognitive domains as part of the Genetic FTD Initiative, a prospective multicenter cohort study. Pathogenic variant carriers were stratified according to disease stage using the global Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) plus National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) FTLD score (0, 0.5, or ≥1). Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate differences between genetic groups and disease stages as well as the 3-way interaction between time, genetic group, and disease stage. RESULTS A total of 207 C9orf72, 206 GRN, and 86 MAPT pathogenic variant carriers and 255 controls were included. C9orf72 pathogenic variant carriers performed lower on attention, executive function, and verbal fluency from CDR plus NACC FTLD 0 onwards, with relatively minimal decline over time regardless of the CDR plus NACC FTLD score (i.e., disease progression). The cognitive profile in MAPT pathogenic variant carriers was characterized by lower memory performance at CDR plus NACC FTLD 0.5, with decline over time in language from the CDR plus NACC FTLD 0.5 stage onwards, and executive dysfunction rapidly developing at CDR plus NACC FTLD ≥1. GRN pathogenic variant carriers declined on verbal fluency and visuoconstruction in the CDR plus NACC FTLD 0.5 stage, with progressive decline in other cognitive domains starting at CDR plus NACC FTLD ≥1. DISCUSSION We confirmed cognitive decline in the asymptomatic and prodromal stage of genetic FTD. Specifically, tests for attention, executive function, language, and memory showed clear differences between genetic groups and controls at baseline, but the speed of change over time differed depending on genetic group and disease stage. This confirms the value of neuropsychological assessment in tracking clinical onset and progression and could inform clinical trials in selecting sensitive end points for measuring treatment effects as well as characterizing the best time window for starting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie M Poos
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Amy MacDougall
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Esther van den Berg
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Lize C Jiskoot
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Janne M Papma
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Emma L van der Ende
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Harro Seelaar
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Lucy L Russell
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Georgia Peakman
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Rhian Convery
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Fermin Moreno
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Barbara Borroni
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Robert Laforce
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Claire Doré
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Mario Masellis
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Graff
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - James B Rowe
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Mendonça
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Pietro Tiraboschi
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Isabel Santana
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Simon Ducharme
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Christopher Butler
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Johannes Levin
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Adrian Danek
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Markus Otto
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - John van Swieten
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M. Poos, E.v.d.B., L.C.J., J.M. Papma, E.L.v.d.E., H.S., J.v.S.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dementia Research Centre (J.M. Poos, L.C.J., L.L.R., G.P., R.C., J.D.R.), Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology; Department of Medical Statistics (A.M.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.A.L.P.), Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Cognitive Disorders Unit (F.M.), Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.B.), Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy; Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (R.L., M.-C.D.), Département des Sciences Neurologiques, Université Laval, Québec; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.C.T.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geriatric Medicine (C.G.), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Dino Ferrari (D.G.), University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda (D.G.), Ospedale Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.B.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (E.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology (R.V.), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (A.M.), University of Lisbon, Portugal; Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologica Carlo Besta (P.T.), Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine (I.S.), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry (S.D.), McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurology (C.B.), University of Oxford; Divison of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (A.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine (A.G.), Essen University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L., A.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.L.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.L.); Department of Neurology (M.O.), University of Ulm, Germany; Sorbonne Université (I.L.B.), Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces (I.L.B.), IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Univ Lille (F.P.); Inserm 1172 (F.P.); and CHU (F.P.), CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France.
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