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Silva P, Rodríguez-Pérez M, Burgos-Ramos E. Zebrafish Model Insights into Mediterranean Diet Liquids: Olive Oil and Wine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1843. [PMID: 37891921 PMCID: PMC10604723 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explored the potential of a zebrafish model to investigate the antioxidant effects of key components of the Mediterranean diet, namely, olive oil and wine, in the context of preventing age-related diseases, particularly cardiovascular conditions. This paper explores the spectrum of observational studies to preclinical investigations and ultimately converges toward potential translational insights derived from animal experimentation. This review highlights the potential and underutilization of zebrafish as an experimental model in this domain. We highlighted the genetic proximity of zebrafish to humans, offering a unique opportunity for translational insights into the health benefits of olive oil and wine. Indeed, we wanted to focus on the potential of zebrafish to elucidate the health benefits of olive oil and wine while calling for continued exploration to unlock its full potential to advance our knowledge of age-related disease prevention within the Mediterranean diet framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Silva
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- iNOVA Media Lab, ICNOVA-NOVA Institute of Communication, NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María Rodríguez-Pérez
- Biochemistry Area, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Biochemistry Area, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
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Mendes V, Niforou A, Kasdagli MI, Ververis E, Naska A. Intake of legumes and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:22-37. [PMID: 36411221 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To summarize the evidence on the association between the intake of legumes and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overall, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and to identify optimal intake levels for reduced disease risk through a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS We have systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to March, 2022 for the retrieval of intervention and observational studies (PROSPERO Reg. number: CRD42021247565). Pooled relative risks (RRs) comparing extreme categories of intake were computed using random-effects models. One-stage dose-response meta-analyses were also performed using random-effects models. 22 831 articles were screened resulting in 26 eligible observational studies (21 prospective cohort and 5 case-control studies). When comparing extreme categories of intake, the consumption of legumes was inversely associated with CVD (n = 25: RR = 0.94; 95%CI:0.89,0.99) and CHD (n = 16: RR = 0.90; 95%CI:0.85,0.96), but not with stroke (n = 9: RR = 1.00; 95%CI:0.93,1.08). We further found evidence for an inverse dose-response association with CHD, increasing in magnitude up to an intake of 400 g/week, after which the benefit seems to level-off. CONCLUSIONS The intake of legumes was associated with a reduced risk of CVD and CHD, but not with stroke, among individuals with the highest consumption levels. An intake level of 400 g/week seemed to provide the optimal cardiovascular benefit. Further research is needed to better understand the role of legumes in stroke subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Mendes
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Niforou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria I Kasdagli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ermolaos Ververis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Amato M, Bonomi A, Laguzzi F, Veglia F, Tremoli E, Werba JP, Giroli MG. Overall dietary variety and adherence to the Mediterranean diet show additive protective effects against coronary heart disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1315-1321. [PMID: 32513579 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Along with the increasing evidence of the cardioprotective effects of the Mediterranean Diet (MD), the scientific interest and advocacy of dietary variety as a potentially healthy eating habit gradually faded, until its complete oblivion in the latest European cardiovascular prevention guidelines. Our study aims to investigate whether dietary variety adds to the "Mediterranean-ness" of the diet in protecting against coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS AND RESULTS In this case-control Italian study, data on eating habits were collected from 178 patients with CHD and 155 healthy controls, primarily males, frequency matched for age and gender, using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Adherence to MD was estimated from FFQ by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), an index developed by Trichopoulou (2003) ranging from 0 to 9, with higher scores indicating a stricter adherence. Overall dietary variety was computed from FFQ as a count of single food items consumed at least once a month. Associations between MDS or overall dietary variety and coronary status were evaluated by logistic regression models adjusted for BMI, physical activity, smoking, education, and caloric intake; the Odds Ratio (OR) for CHD for each 1.5-point increase in MDS was 0.76 [IC 95% 0.59; 0.98], whereas the OR for CHD for each 15-item increase in dietary variety was 0.62 [IC 95% 0.46; 0.84]. Remarkably, adherence to MD and overall dietary variety were independently associated with a significantly reduced chance of CHD. CONCLUSION Dietary Mediterranean-ness and overall dietary variety exhibit additive cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Amato
- Unit of Atherosclerosis Prevention, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alice Bonomi
- Units of Biostatistics, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Laguzzi
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- Units of Biostatistics, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - José P Werba
- Unit of Atherosclerosis Prevention, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica G Giroli
- Unit of Atherosclerosis Prevention, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
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Magnoni M, Scarano P, Vergani V, Berteotti M, Gallone G, Cristell N, Maseri A, Cianflone D. Impact of adherence to a Mediterranean Diet pattern on patients with first acute myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:574-580. [PMID: 32007333 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Mediterranean diet (MD) affects the risk of myocardial infarction and long-term prognosis after a coronary event. Limited data are available regarding the influence of MD on short-term prognosis. We assessed the impact of the MD adherence on in-hospital and short-term outcome in patients with first ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). METHODS AND RESULTS As many as 533 European patients with STEMI and no previous history of coronary artery disease were included in this analysis. Previous dietary habits of each patient were collected with a food frequency questionnaire from which we calculated the FAMI Mediterranean Diet Score (FAMI MD Score), according to the MD adherence. A blood sample was drawn to each patient within 6 h of symptoms onset. Levels of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. Clinical outcome at 180 days and myocardial reperfusion were assessed. Patients with higher FAMI MD Score had lower levels of hsCRP; there were no differences between IL-6 level among FAMI MD Score quintiles. There were no associations between adherence to MD and 180-day adverse events. Lower FAMI MD Score was associated with a higher risk of ineffective myocardial reperfusion after thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention. Similar results were observed for daily consumption of ≥4 portions of fruit and vegetable. CONCLUSIONS A positive effect of the Mediterranean diet, and fruit and vegetable intake was observed on hsCRP and the occurrence of effective myocardial reperfusion. These findings confirm the favorable impact of Mediterranean diet adherence not only in primary but also in secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Magnoni
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Scarano
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Vergani
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Berteotti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Gallone
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Cristell
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Cianflone
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), abundant in minimally processed plant-based foods, rich in monounsaturated fat from olive oil, but lower in saturated fat, meats, and dairy products, seems an ideal nutritional model for cardiovascular health. Methodological aspects of Mediterranean intervention trials, limitations in the quality of some meta-analyses, and other issues may have raised recent controversies. It remains unclear whether such limitations are important enough as to attenuate the postulated cardiovascular benefits of the MedDiet. We aimed to critically review current evidence on the role of the MedDiet in cardiovascular health. We systematically searched observational prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials which explicitly reported to assess the effect of the MedDiet on hard cardiovascular end points. We critically assessed all the original cohorts and randomized controlled trials included in the 5 most comprehensive meta-analyses published between 2014 and 2018 and additional prospective studies not included in these meta-analyses, totaling 45 reports of prospective studies (including 4 randomized controlled trials and 32 independent observational cohorts). We addressed the existing controversies on methodology and other issues. Some departures from individual randomization in a subsample of the landmark Spanish trial (PREDIMED [Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea]) did not represent any clinically meaningful attenuation in the strength of its findings and the results of PREDIMED were robust in a wide range of sensitivity analyses. The criteria for causality were met and potential sources of controversies did not represent any reason to compromise the main findings of the available observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The available evidence is large, strong, and consistent. Better conformity with the traditional MedDiet is associated with better cardiovascular health outcomes, including clinically meaningful reductions in rates of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and total cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Martínez-González
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Alfredo Gea
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.)
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.)
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Shivappa N, Tavani A, Hébert JR, Rosato V, La Vecchia C. Dietary inflammatory index and acute myocardial infarction in a large Italian case-control study. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:161-166. [PMID: 28481985 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and inflammation have been implicated to play a role in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods In this Italian case-control study conducted between 1995 and 2003, we explored the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DIITM) and AMI. Cases were 760 patients, below age 79 years, with a first episode of nonfatal AMI and controls were 682 patients admitted to hospital for acute conditions unrelated to diet. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a reproducible and validated 78-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated through logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, total energy intake, tobacco, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other recognized confounding factors. Results Higher DII scores (i.e., indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet) were associated with increased likelihood of AMI when expressed both as continuous (ORcontinuous=1.14, 95% confidence interval, CI:1.05, 1.24; one-unit increase in DII score corresponding to ≈9% of the range of DII) and as quartiles (ORQuartile4vs1= 1.60, 95%, CI 1.06, 2.41; P-trend = 0.02). Stratified analyses produced slightly stronger associations between DII and AMI among women, ≥60 years, never smokers, subjects with history of hypertension and subjects with no family history of AMI, however, in the absence of heterogeneity across strata. Conclusion A pro-inflammatory diet as indicated by higher DII scores is associated with increased likelihood of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alessandra Tavani
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Valentina Rosato
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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La Torre G, Saulle R, Di Murro F, Siliquini R, Firenze A, Maurici M, Mannocci A, Colamesta V, Barillà F, Ferrante F, Agati L. Mediterranean diet adherence and synergy with acute myocardial infarction and its determinants: A multicenter case-control study in Italy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193360. [PMID: 29543823 PMCID: PMC5854311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Western countries. The possible synergistic effect of poor adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) and other risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) such as hypertension, cholesterol, ever smoker, BMI> 25, diabetes, has not been deeply studied. Design Case-control study. Methods Patients with first AMI and controls from four tertiary referral Italian centers were screened for enrolment. Dietary information was collected through a questionnaire and a MD adherence score was calculated. Physical activity and smoking habits were also registered. The Synergy Index was calculated according to Rothman. Results 127 cases and 173 controls were enrolled. The analysis was conducted using a dichotomous variable for the MD score with values ≥7 representing good adherence. Multivariate analysis showed the following variables associated to AMI: ever smoker (OR = 2.08), diabetes (OR = 1.42), hypertension (OR = 2.08), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.47), BMI> 25 (OR = 1.99), while a protective effect emerged both in subjects scoring > 7 on the MD score (OR = 0.55) and in subjects resident of Southern Italy (OR = 0.38). A synergistic effect does exist between poor adherence to the MD and the following risk factors: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, BMI >25, diabetes and being a resident in central and northern Italy. Conclusion Synergy between heart disease risk factors and MD underlines the need to enlarge the list of known modifiable cardiovascular risk factors to include and promote adherence to Mediterranean dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Rosella Saulle
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Murro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Siliquini
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics Torino University, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Maurici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Mannocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colamesta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrante
- Department of Cardiology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Agati
- Department of Cardiology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Rosato V, Temple NJ, La Vecchia C, Castellan G, Tavani A, Guercio V. Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Nutr 2017; 58:173-191. [PMID: 29177567 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide evidence of the relationship of Mediterranean diet (MD) on incidence/mortality for cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary/ischemic heart disease (CHD)/acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke (ischemic/hemorrhagic) by sex, geographic region, study design and type of MD score (MDS). METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS We identified 29 articles. The RR for the highest versus the lowest category of the MDS was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74-0.88) for the 11 studies that considered unspecified CVD, consistent across all strata. The corresponding pooled RR for CHD/AMI risk was 0.70 (95% CI 0.62-0.80), based on 11 studies. The inverse relationship was consistent across strata of study design, end point (incidence and mortality), sex, geographic area, and the MDS used. The overall RR for the six studies that considered unspecified stroke was 0.73 (95% CI 0.59-0.91) for the highest versus the lowest category of the MDS. The corresponding values were 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.92) for ischemic (five studies) and 1.01 (95% CI 0.74-1.37) for hemorrhagic stroke (four studies). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate and further quantify that MD exerts a protective effect on the risk of CVD. This inverse association includes CHD and ischemic stroke, but apparently not hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rosato
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Tavani
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Guercio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Parkinson L, Cicerale S. The Health Benefiting Mechanisms of Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds. Molecules 2016; 21:E1734. [PMID: 27999296 PMCID: PMC6273500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) is credited as being one of the many healthful components associated with the Mediterranean diet. Mediterranean populations experience reduced incidence of chronic inflammatory disease states and VOO is readily consumed as part of an everyday Mediterranean dietary pattern. VOO is rich in phenolic compounds and the health promoting benefits of these phenolics are now established. Recent studies have highlighted the biological properties of VOO phenolic compounds elucidating their anti-inflammatory activities. This paper will review current knowledge on the anti-inflammatory and nutrigenomic, chemoprotective and anti-atherosclerotic activities of VOO phenolics. In addition the concentration, metabolism and bioavailability of specific phenolic compounds will be discussed. The evidence presented in the review concludes that oleurepein, hydroxytyrosol and oleocanthal have potent pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo; however, intervention studies with biologically relevant concentrations of these phenolic compounds are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Parkinson
- Department of Medical and Health Science, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Sara Cicerale
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Advanced Sensory Science (CASS), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
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Carfora V, Caso D, Conner M. The role of self-identity in predicting fruit and vegetable intake. Appetite 2016; 106:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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D'Alessandro A, De Pergola G. Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: A Critical Evaluation of A Priori Dietary Indexes. Nutrients 2015; 7:7863-88. [PMID: 26389950 PMCID: PMC4586562 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the a priori dietary indexes used in the studies that have evaluated the role of the Mediterranean Diet in influencing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. All the studies show that this dietary pattern protects against cardiovascular disease, but studies show quite different effects on specific conditions such as coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. A priori dietary indexes used to measure dietary exposure imply quantitative and/or qualitative divergences from the traditional Mediterranean Diet of the early 1960s, and, therefore, it is very difficult to compare the results of different studies. Based on real cultural heritage and traditions, we believe that the a priori indexes used to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean Diet should consider classifying whole grains and refined grains, olive oil and monounsaturated fats, and wine and alcohol differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata D'Alessandro
- Endocrinologist, General Practitioner, General Medicine ASL BA/4 D.S.S. 8, viale Japigia 38/G, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Oncology, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
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Gallus S, Lugo A, Garavello W, Bosetti C, Santoro E, Colombo P, Perin P, La Vecchia C, Langguth B. Prevalence and Determinants of Tinnitus in the Italian Adult Population. Neuroepidemiology 2015; 45:12-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000431376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited, outdated, and poor quality data are available on the prevalence of tinnitus, particularly in Italy. Methods: A face-to-face survey was conducted in 2014 on 2,952 individuals, who represented the Italian population aged 18 or more (50.6 million). Any tinnitus was defined as the presence of ringing or buzzing in the ears lasting for at least 5 min in the previous 12 months. Results: Any tinnitus was reported by 6.2% of Italian adults, chronic tinnitus (i.e. for more than 3 months) by 4.8%, and severe tinnitus (i.e. which constitutes a big or very big problem) by 1.2%. The corresponding estimates for the population aged ≥45 years were 8.7, 7.4 and 2.0%, respectively. Multivariable analysis on population aged ≥45 years revealed that old age (odds ratio (OR) = 4.49 for ≥75 vs. 45-54 years) and obesity (OR = 2.14 compared to normal weight) were directly related to any tinnitus, and high monthly family income (OR = 0.50) and moderate alcohol consumption (OR = 0.59 for <7 drinks/week vs. non-drinking) were inversely related. Conclusions: This is the first study on tinnitus prevalence among the general Italian adult population. It indicates that in Italy tinnitus affects more than 3 million adults and is felt as a major problem by more than 600,000 Italians, mostly aged 45 years or more.
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