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Garcia DO, Morrill KE, Lopez‐Pentecost M, Villavicencio EA, Vogel RM, Bell ML, Klimentidis YC, Marrero DG, Thomson CA. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Risk Factors in a Community-Based Sample of Mexican-Origin Adults. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1322-1335. [PMID: 35076162 PMCID: PMC9134817 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highest among Mexican-origin (MO) adults. Few studies have estimated the prevalence of NAFLD in this subpopulation, particularly by sex and age. We assessed the prevalence of NAFLD in a community sample of MO adults residing in a border region of southern Arizona and determined risk factors associated with NAFLD. A total of 307 MO adults (n = 194 women; n = 113 men) with overweight or obesity completed an in-person study visit, including vibration-controlled transient elastography (FibroScan) for the assessment of NAFLD status. A continuous attenuation parameter score of ≥288 dB/m (≥5% hepatic steatosis) indicated NAFLD status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD. We identified 155 participants (50%) with NAFLD, including 52% of women and 48% of men; there were no sex differences in steatosis (men, 287.8 dB/m; women, 288.4 dB/m). Sex, age, patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) risk allele carrier status, comorbidities, and cultural and behavioral variables were not associated with NAFLD status. There was some evidence for effect modification of body mass index (BMI) by sex (Pinteraction = 0.08). The estimated OR for an increase in BMI of 5 kg/m2 was 3.36 (95% CI, 1.90, 5.91) for men and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.40, 2.64) for women. In post hoc analyses treating steatosis as a continuous variable in a linear regression, significant effect modification was found for BMI by sex (Pinteraction = 0.03), age (P = 0.05), and PNPLA3 risk allele carrier status (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions to reduce body weight, with consideration of age and genetic risk status, are needed to stem the higher rates of NAFLD observed for MO populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O. Garcia
- Department of Health Promotion SciencesUniversity of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public HealthTucsonAZUSA
| | | | | | - Edgar A. Villavicencio
- Department of Health Promotion SciencesUniversity of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public HealthTucsonAZUSA
| | - Rosa M. Vogel
- Department of Health Promotion SciencesUniversity of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public HealthTucsonAZUSA
| | - Melanie L. Bell
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public HealthTucsonAZUSA
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public HealthTucsonAZUSA
| | - David G. Marrero
- Department of Health Promotion SciencesUniversity of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public HealthTucsonAZUSA
| | - Cynthia A. Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion SciencesUniversity of ArizonaMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public HealthTucsonAZUSA
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Igho-Osagie E, Cara K, Wang D, Yao Q, Penkert LP, Cassidy A, Ferruzzi M, Jacques PF, Johnson EJ, Chung M, Wallace T. Short-Term Tea Consumption Is Not Associated with a Reduction in Blood Lipids or Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Nutr 2020; 150:3269-3279. [PMID: 33188386 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent systematic review of epidemiological evidence suggests that higher amounts of tea intake are associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. OBJECTIVES Our study objective was to assess mechanisms by which tea consumption may influence CVD risks. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of green and/or black tea consumption (≥4 wk) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) in healthy populations and among at-risk adults (analyzed separately) with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to rate the strength of evidence (SoE). RESULTS A total of 14 unique RCTs which randomly assigned 798 participants to either green tea, black tea, or placebo controls were included in our analyses. Intervention durations ranged from 4 to 24 wk (mean: 7.4 wk). Individual studies were judged as moderate to high quality based on risk of bias assessments. SoE was low to moderate owing to low sample sizes and insufficient power for most included studies to observe changes in the measured CVD biomarkers. Meta-analyses showed no significant effects of tea consumption on SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and TG in healthy and at-risk adults (i.e., adults with obesity, prediabetes, borderline hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome). CONCLUSIONS Short-term (4-24 wk) tea consumption does not appear to significantly affect blood pressure or lipids in healthy or at-risk adults, although the evidence is limited by insufficient power to detect changes in these CVD biomarkers. High-quality RCTs with longer durations and sufficient sample sizes are needed to fully elucidate the effects of tea. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020134513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebuwa Igho-Osagie
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Cara
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deena Wang
- D&V Systematic Evidence Review Consulting, LLC, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qisi Yao
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura P Penkert
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taylor Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Think Healthy Group, Washington, DC, USA
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