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Zomer HD, Osuru HP, Chebolu A, Rayl JM, Timken M, Reddi PP. Sertoli cells require TDP-43 to support spermatogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1345-1359. [PMID: 35986894 PMCID: PMC9663940 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kD (TDP-43) is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed transcription factor and RNA-binding protein with major human health relevance. TDP-43 is present in Sertoli and germ cells of the testis and is aberrantly expressed in the sperm of infertile men. Sertoli cells play a key role in spermatogenesis by offering physical and nutritional support to male germ cells. The current study investigated the requirement of TDP-43 in Sertoli cells. Conditional knockout (cKO) of TDP-43 in mouse Sertoli cells caused failure of spermatogenesis and male subfertility. The cKO mice showed decreased testis weight, and low sperm count. Testis showed loss of germ cell layers, presence of vacuoles, and sloughing of round spermatids, suggesting loss of contact with Sertoli cells. Using a biotin tracer, we found that the blood-testis barrier (BTB) was disrupted as early as postnatal day 24 and worsened in adult cKO mice. We noted aberrant expression of the junction proteins connexin-43 (gap junction) and N-cadherin (ectoplasmic specialization). Oil Red O staining showed a decrease in lipid droplets (phagocytic function) in tubule cross-sections, Sertoli cells cytoplasm, and in the lumen of seminiferous tubules of cKO mice. Finally, qRT-PCR showed upregulation of genes involved in the formation and/or maintenance of Sertoli cell junctions as well as in the phagocytic pathway. Sertoli cells require TDP-43 for germ cell attachment, formation and maintenance of BTB, and phagocytic function, thus indicating an essential role for TDP-43 in the maintenance of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D Zomer
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Hari Prasad Osuru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Apoorv Chebolu
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeremy M Rayl
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Madeline Timken
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Prabhakara P Reddi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, USA
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Benvenutti L, Salvador RA, Til D, Senn AP, Tames DR, Amaral NLL, Amaral VLL. Wistar rats immature testicular tissue vitrification and heterotopic grafting. JBRA Assist Reprod 2018; 22:167-173. [PMID: 29693963 PMCID: PMC6106629 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficiency of two vitrification protocols for rat immature
testicular tissue and heterotopic transplantation. Methods Twenty-four pre-pubertal Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8).
After orchiectomy, testicular fragments (3mm) from Groups 1 and 2 were
vitrified with different cryoprotectant concentration solutions, using
sterile inoculation loops as support. After warming up, the fragments were
submitted to cell viability assessment by Trypan blue and histological
evaluation. Vitrified (Groups 1 and 2) and fresh (Group 3) fragments were
grafted to the animals periauricular region. After 8 weeks of grafting, the
implant site was histologically analyzed. Results The viability recovery rate from Group 1 (72.09%) was higher
(p=0.02) than that from Group 2 (59.19%). Histological
analysis showed similar tubular integrity between fresh fragments from
Groups 1 and 3. Group 2 samples presented lower tubular integrity. We ran
histological analyses in the grafts from the Groups. In all groups, it was
possible to see the implant site, however, no fragment of testicular tissue
or signs of inflammation were histologically found in most samples from
Groups 1 and 3. In one sample from Group 2, we found degenerated
seminiferous tubules with necrosis and signs of an inflammatory process. In
another sample from Group 2, we found seminiferous tubules in the implant
site. Conclusion The vitrification of pre-pubertal testicular tissue of rats showed little
damage to cell viability through histological analysis when we used
cryoprotectants in a lower concentration. Heterotopic transplantation could
not preserve the structural organization of the testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Benvenutti
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (LBR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Alonso Salvador
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (LBR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - David Til
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (LBR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alfred Paul Senn
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (LBR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - David Rivero Tames
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (LBR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lúcia Lângaro Amaral
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (LBR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Lipid Body Organelles within the Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi: A Role for Intracellular Arachidonic Acid Metabolism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160433. [PMID: 27490663 PMCID: PMC4973985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic cells contain varying amounts of cytosolic lipidic inclusions termed lipid bodies (LBs) or lipid droplets (LDs). In mammalian cells, such as macrophages, these lipid-rich organelles are formed in response to host-pathogen interaction during infectious diseases and are sites for biosynthesis of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived inflammatory mediators (eicosanoids). Less clear are the functions of LBs in pathogenic lower eukaryotes. In this study, we demonstrated that LBs, visualized by light microscopy with different probes and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), are produced in trypomastigote forms of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas' disease, after both host interaction and exogenous AA stimulation. Quantitative TEM revealed that LBs from amastigotes, the intracellular forms of the parasite, growing in vivo have increased size and electron-density compared to LBs from amastigotes living in vitro. AA-stimulated trypomastigotes released high amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and showed PGE2 synthase expression. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated increased unsaturated lipid content and AA incorporation in stimulated parasites. Moreover, both Raman and MALDI mass spectroscopy revealed increased AA content in LBs purified from AA-stimulated parasites compared to LBs from unstimulated group. By using a specific technique for eicosanoid detection, we immunolocalized PGE2 within LBs from AA-stimulated trypomastigotes. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that LBs from the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi are not just lipid storage inclusions but dynamic organelles, able to respond to host interaction and inflammatory events and involved in the AA metabolism. Acting as sources of PGE2, a potent immunomodulatory lipid mediator that inhibits many aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, newly-formed parasite LBs may be implicated with the pathogen survival in its host.
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Albuquerque AV, Drumond AL, Shao S, Melo RCN, Almeida FRCL, Meistrich ML, Chiarini-Garcia H. A new approach for optimal morphological identification and immunolabeling of spermatogonial cells. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:1304-1311. [PMID: 24834474 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High quality fixation often inactivates epitopes and gentler fixation can fail to preserve biological structure at the required resolution. For studies of male reproduction, immunofluorescence techniques using paraformaldehyde fixation associated with paraffin as an embedding medium gives good epitope preservation, although the cell becomes morphologically compromised. On the other hand, glutaraldehyde associated with a plastic resin has been used with success to recognize and distinguish each spermatogonial cell subtype, but the antigenic sites become inaccessible to antibodies. Here we describe a new method that provides excellent morphological details of testicular cells while preserving the binding capacity of epitopes. Using a combination of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde as a fixative and LR White resin for embedding, we show that it is possible to clearly recognize spermatogonial subtypes (Aund, A-A4, In and B spermatogonia) on 1-μm thick-sections and to label epitopes such as bromodeoxyuridine, a marker used for cellular cycle studies in the testis. The information gained from this procedure can be critical for understanding spermatogonial process of self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda V Albuquerque
- 1Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Reprodução,Departamento de Morfologia,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,31.270-901 Belo Horizonte,Brasil
| | - Ana Luiza Drumond
- 1Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Reprodução,Departamento de Morfologia,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,31.270-901 Belo Horizonte,Brasil
| | - Shan Shao
- 2Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology,MD Anderson Cancer Center,University of Texas,77030 Houston,USA
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- 3Laboratório de Biologia Celular,Departamento de Biologia,Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. 36.036-900 - Juiz de Fora,Brasil
| | - Fernanda R C L Almeida
- 1Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Reprodução,Departamento de Morfologia,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,31.270-901 Belo Horizonte,Brasil
| | - Marvin L Meistrich
- 2Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology,MD Anderson Cancer Center,University of Texas,77030 Houston,USA
| | - Hélio Chiarini-Garcia
- 1Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Reprodução,Departamento de Morfologia,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,31.270-901 Belo Horizonte,Brasil
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Dias FF, Zarantonello VC, Parreira GG, Chiarini-Garcia H, Melo RCN. The intriguing ultrastructure of lipid body organelles within activated macrophages. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:869-878. [PMID: 24786359 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761400066x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are widely distributed immune system cells with essential functions in tissue homeostasis, apoptotic cell clearance, and first defense in infections. A distinguishing feature of activated macrophages participating in different situations such as inflammatory and metabolic diseases is the presence of increased numbers of lipid-rich organelles, termed lipid bodies (LBs) or lipid droplets, in their cytoplasm. LBs are considered structural markers of activated macrophages and are involved in different functions such as lipid metabolism, intracellular trafficking, and synthesis of inflammatory mediators. In this review, we revisit the distinct morphology of LB organelles actively formed within macrophages in response to infections and cell clearance, taking into account new insights provided by ultrastructural studies. We also discuss the LB interactions within macrophages, revealed by transmission electron microscopy, with a focus on the remarkable LB-phagosome association and discuss potential links between structural aspects and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe F Dias
- 1Laboratory of Cellular Biology,Department of Biology,Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF),Juiz de Fora,MG 36036-900,Brazil
| | - Victor C Zarantonello
- 1Laboratory of Cellular Biology,Department of Biology,Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF),Juiz de Fora,MG 36036-900,Brazil
| | - Gleydes G Parreira
- 2Laboratory of Structural Biology and Reproduction,Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG),Belo Horizonte,MG 31270-901,Brazil
| | - Hélio Chiarini-Garcia
- 2Laboratory of Structural Biology and Reproduction,Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG),Belo Horizonte,MG 31270-901,Brazil
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- 1Laboratory of Cellular Biology,Department of Biology,Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF),Juiz de Fora,MG 36036-900,Brazil
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Lipid bodies: inflammatory organelles implicated in host-Trypanosoma cruzi interplay during innate immune responses. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:478601. [PMID: 22619483 PMCID: PMC3350868 DOI: 10.1155/2012/478601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The flagellated protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi is the causal agent of Chagas' disease, a significant public health issue and still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Latin America. Acute Chagas' disease elicits a strong inflammatory response. In order to control the parasite multiplication, cells of the monocytic lineage are highly mobilized. Monocyte differentiation leads to the formation of phagocytosing macrophages, which are strongly activated and direct host defense. A distinguishing feature of Chagas' disease-triggered macrophages is the presence of increased numbers of distinct cytoplasmic organelles termed lipid bodies or lipid droplets. These organelles are actively formed in response to the parasite and are sites for synthesis and storage of inflammatory mediators. This review covers current knowledge on lipid bodies elicited by the acute Chagas' disease within inflammatory macrophages and discusses the role of these organelles in inflammation. The increased knowledge of lipid bodies in pathogenic mechanisms of infections may not only contribute to the understanding of pathogen-host interactions but may also identify new targets for intervention.
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