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Purev E, Bahmed K, Kosmider B. Alveolar Organoids in Lung Disease Modeling. Biomolecules 2024; 14:115. [PMID: 38254715 PMCID: PMC10813493 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung organoids display a tissue-specific functional phenomenon and mimic the features of the original organ. They can reflect the properties of the cells, such as morphology, polarity, proliferation rate, gene expression, and genomic profile. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells have a stem cell potential in the adult lung. They produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant and proliferate to restore the epithelium after damage. Therefore, AT2 cells are used to generate alveolar organoids and can recapitulate distal lung structures. Also, AT2 cells in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolospheres express surfactant proteins and other factors, indicating their application as suitable models for studying cell-cell interactions. Recently, they have been utilized to define mechanisms of disease development, such as COVID-19, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we show lung organoid applications in various pulmonary diseases, drug screening, and personalized medicine. In addition, stem cell-based therapeutics and approaches relevant to lung repair were highlighted. We also described the signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation of lung regeneration. It is critical to identify novel regulators of alveolar organoid generations to promote lung repair in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhee Purev
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Junatas KL, Couck L, Tay H, Sinowatz F, Van Den Broeck W. Ultrastructural evidence of telocytes in the embryonic chick heart. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12970. [PMID: 37740674 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac telocyte (TC) is a novel interstitial cell type with a unique ultrastructure and great potential in therapy. The present study examined its presence in the heart of chicken embryos ageing 7-15 days old (Hamburger-Hamilton [HH] stages 31-41) using transmission electron microscopy. TCs were identified across all stages in the atrial and ventricular myocardium, close to maturing cardiomyocytes, blood vessels and lymphatics. Early-stage TCs have immature features resembling mesenchymal cells. Late-stage TCs were distinct, possessing the cytoplasmic prolongations termed telopodes (Tps), which are very long and thin, usually 1-3 in number, and display a moniliform appearance and have an average thickness below 0.2 μm. TCs residing in the epicardium and endocardium were also detected. In the subepicardium near developing coronary vessels, they were localized in the cardiac stem cell niches, coexisting with cardiac stem cells and cardiomyocyte progenitors. Electron-dense structures and the release of extracellular vesicles were observed between embryonic TCs and surrounding structures, suggesting roles in intercellular communication, cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation, angiogenesis, and stem cell nursing and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Lamanero Junatas
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Southern Mindanao, Cotabato, Philippines
| | - Liesbeth Couck
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hanna Tay
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Mohamedien D, Awad M. Pulmonary Guardians and Special Regulatory Devices in the Lung of Nile Monitor Lizard ( Varanus niloticus) with Special Attention to the Communication Between Telocyte, Pericyte, and Immune Cells. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:281-287. [PMID: 34955118 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762101388x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitor lizards are acclimatized to a variety of environments. Most of the monitor species are terrestrial, although there are arboreal and semiaquatic monitors. Such accommodation requires unique cellular structure and regulatory devices in various organs, particularly their lungs. This study aimed to report the pulmonary guardians and special regulatory devices that may guard and promote the function of the lungs of the Nile monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus). Specially structured vessels were recorded in the pulmonary tissue involving atypical glomus vessels, vessels with variable wall thickness, and a venule with specialized internal elastic membrane. Moreover, numerous lung resident guardians could be identified including both alveolar and interstitial macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and B- and T-lymphocytes. Pericytes were demonstrated surrounding the capillary endothelium with a characteristic direct hetero-cellular junction with telocytes. Telocytes established a microenvironment through an indirect hetero-cellular junction with the interstitial macrophage, dendritic cells, and pneumocyte type II. Collectively, these data indicate a significant role played by the specially structured vessels and the resident immune cells in guarding the pulmonary tissue of the Nile monitor lizards and promoting its function. Telocytes are suggested to play a key role in angiogenesis and cellular communication to promote the function of the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Mohamedien
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Awad
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
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Awad M, Emeish WFA, Mohamedien D. Migrating and Nerve Fibers-Associated Eosinophilic Granule Cells in the Olfactory Organ of Catfish ( Clarias garpienius): Light and Electron Microscopic Evidence. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-7. [PMID: 34615566 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Piscine mast cells or eosinophilic granule cells (EGCs) of fish are equivalent to the mammalian mast cells. Recently, a better understanding of EGCs functions is allowed because of the growing interest in fish models. Herein, we present a trial to furnish data regarding the distribution of the EGCs in the fish olfactory organ, an issue that has not been reported so far. Regarding their distribution, two kinds of EGCs had been identified. An intra-epithelial one was detected in the olfactory epithelium lining of the olfactory lamellae. The stromal one was identified in the connective tissue core of the olfactory lamellae and in the lamina propria underlying the olfactory epithelium. Some were detected in the capillary lumen. The cytoplasm of the EGCs reacted strongly with the MMP-9 antibody. Stimulating a migration perspective for the olfactory EGCs which was confirmed by their location in the blood capillaries. Several EGCs could be verified in close relation, some underneath the epineurium, with the nerve fiber. Mutually, this verifies the existence of intra-epithelial and stromal migrating EGCs in the catfish olfactory organ and their inclusion in the olfactory immune response. Additionally, this provides evidence for an immune–nervous interaction to influence both the immune reactions and the nervous scheme in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Awad
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
| | - Walaa F A Emeish
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohamedien
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
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