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Lasure VU, Singh Gautam A, Singh RK. Quercetin ameliorates neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers in the brain and improves neurobehavioral parameters in a repeated intranasal amyloid-beta exposed model of Alzheimer's disease. Food Funct 2024; 15:8712-8728. [PMID: 39087409 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02602k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to study the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin in protection against repeated intranasal exposure of an amyloid-beta-induced mouse model. Methods: Mice received intranasal Aβ1-42 (5 μg/10 μL) exposure once daily for seven consecutive days. Quercetin was orally administered to them at 30 mg kg-1 and 100 mg kg-1 doses for one week starting from day five following Aβ1-42 peptide administration. Following this, the animals were evaluated for neurobehavioral parameters using a Morris water maze test and a novel object recognition test. Further to this, the biomarkers for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration were evaluated in the hippocampus and cortex regions of the brain in these animals. Results: Multiple exposures to intranasal Aβ led to a significant decline in the learning and cognitive memory of the animals, whereas oral treatment with quercetin at dosages of 30 and 100 mg kg-1 alleviated Aβ-induced effects. Quercetin treatment significantly reduced Aβ accumulation, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine biomarkers in the brain. In addition, it also alleviated the activation of astrocytic biomarkers, amyloid precursor protein and phosphorylated-tau proteins in the brain. Conclusion: Quercetin was found to be a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound with protection against neurodegenerative damage and improved learning and cognitive memory in a repeated Aβ-exposure model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Uttamrao Lasure
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Avtar Singh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sharma V, Sharma P, Singh TG. Leukotriene signaling in neurodegeneration: implications for treatment strategies. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01557-1. [PMID: 39167313 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of substances that cause inflammation. They are produced by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from arachidonic acid. Cysteinyl LTs are a group of lipid molecules that have a prominent role in inflammatory signaling in the allergic diseases. Although they are traditionally known for their role in allergic disease, current advancements in bio-medical research have shed light on the involvement of these inflammatory mediators in diseases such as in the inflammation related to central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Among the CNS diseases, LTs, along with 5-LOX and their receptors, have been shown to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Through a comprehensive review of current research and experimentation, this investigation provides an insight on the biosynthesis, receptors, and biological effects of LTs in the body. Furthermore, implications of leukotriene signaling in CNS and its intricate role in neurodegeneration are also studied. Through the revelation of these insights, our aim is to establish a foundation for the development of enhanced and focused therapeutic approaches in the continuous endeavor to combat neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of leukotriene signaling with selective inhibitors offers promising prospects for future interventions and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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3
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Adams JM, Rege SV, Liu AT, Vu NV, Raina S, Kirsher DY, Nguyen AL, Harish R, Szoke B, Leone DP, Czirr E, Braithwaite S, Kerrisk Campbell M. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibition improves age-related cognitive decline via modulation of synaptic function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8764. [PMID: 37976357 PMCID: PMC10656077 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes, a class of inflammatory bioactive lipids, are well studied in the periphery, but less is known of their importance in the brain. We identified that the enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is expressed in healthy mouse neurons, and inhibition of LTA4H in aged mice improves hippocampal dependent memory. Single-cell nuclear RNA sequencing of hippocampal neurons after inhibition reveals major changes to genes important for synaptic organization, structure, and activity. We propose that LTA4H inhibition may act to improve cognition by directly inhibiting the enzymatic activity in neurons, leading to improved synaptic function. In addition, LTA4H plasma levels are increased in both aging and Alzheimer's disease and correlated with cognitive impairment. These results identify a role for LTA4H in the brain, and we propose that LTA4H inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy to treat cognitive decline in aging related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Adams
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Sanket V. Rege
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Ninh V. Vu
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Sharda Raina
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Amy L. Nguyen
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Balazs Szoke
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Dino P. Leone
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
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Liu X, Tang SS, Liu SM, Zeng J, Chen ZG, Liu CH, Mu RH, Yuan DH, Zhao JJ, Hong H, Wang H. Deficiency of astrocyte CysLT1R ameliorates depression-like behaviors in mice by modulating glutamate synaptic transmission. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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5
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Prajapati KJ, Kothari CS. Isolation, Characterization, and Toxicity Study of Stress Degradation Products of Pranlukast Hydrate. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1206-1219. [PMID: 35731702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pranlukast hydrate (PRN), a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist (CysLT1), is used to treat bronchial asthma. The objective of this study is to perform the isolation, characterization, and toxicity analysis of stress degradation products of PRN. In high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the separation was achieved using a Phenomenex Gemini C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ) column; the ammonium format buffer (50 mM), pH 4, with formic acid: acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) was used as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.25 mL/min; and the photodiode array detector was used for detection at 230 nm. The drug was subjected to stress degradation as per ICH Q1A (R2) and ICH Q1B guidelines. The drug was found to be labile in alkaline (62.48% degradation) and photolytic (liquid state) (7.67% degradation) conditions, whereas the drug was found to be stable in acidic, peroxide, photolytic (solid state), and thermal conditions. The characterization of the drug and its degradation products was achieved using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS), and the degradation mechanism was proposed. There were two degradation products observed in alkaline conditions (DP6 and DP9), whereas six novel degradation products were observed in photolytic degradation products (DP1, DP3, DP4, DP5, DP7, and DP10). The developed method was successfully validated as per the ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. The isolation of the alkaline degradation product DP9 was performed using preparative HPLC, and it was found to be 96.8% pure degradation product. The characterizations of the isolated degradation product (DP9) and procured impurity were performed using MS/MS, NMR, and FTIR. The mass of the procured impurity and DP9 were observed to be 404 and 500 Da, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity study of the procured impurity and DP9 was conducted using a 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using an A549 cell line, and they were found to be cytotoxic at concentrations above 62.5 and 250 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, an in silico toxicity study was performed to predict the toxicity of all the major characterized degradation products of PRN using admetSAR software version 2.0. DP1, DP2, DP6, and DP10 were found to be hepatotoxic, mutagenic according to the micronucleus test, and aquatic toxic. We can conclude that the drug should be kept away from the direct exposure of light and the toxicity levels of DP1, DP2, DP6, and DP10 should be reduced below 0.1% to avoid their toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krunal J Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Post: Chandlodia, Via: Gota, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
| | - Charmy S Kothari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Post: Chandlodia, Via: Gota, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
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Leukotriene Signaling as a Target in α-Synucleinopathies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030346. [PMID: 35327537 PMCID: PMC8944962 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are two common types of α-synucleinopathies and represent a high unmet medical need. Despite diverging clinical manifestations, both neurodegenerative diseases share several facets of their complex pathophysiology. Apart from α-synuclein aggregation, an impairment of mitochondrial functions, defective protein clearance systems and excessive inflammatory responses are consistently observed in the brains of PD as well as DLB patients. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators of inflammatory signaling traditionally known for their role in asthma. However, recent research advances highlight a possible contribution of leukotrienes, along with their rate-limiting synthesis enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, in the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders. This review provides an overview of in vitro as well as in vivo studies, in summary suggesting that dysregulated leukotriene signaling is involved in the pathological processes underlying PD and DLB. In addition, we discuss how the leukotriene signaling pathway could serve as a future drug target for the therapy of PD and DLB.
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Fang SC, Wang JJ, Chen F, Tang SS, Mu RH, Yuan DH, Zhao JJ, Hong H, Long Y. Hippocampal CysLT1R overexpression or activation accelerates memory deficits, synaptic dysfunction, and amyloidogenesis in young APP/PS1 transgenic mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1531. [PMID: 34790737 PMCID: PMC8576703 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Our previous studies demonstrated that cysteinyl leukotrienes receptor 1 (CysLT1R) knockout, pharmacological blockade, or hippocampus knockdown produced beneficial effects against Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, whether CysLT1R upregulation has deleterious effects on AD remains elusive. Methods In this study, we investigated the changes in behaviors, hippocampal amyloidogenesis, and synapse plasticity after CysLT1R overexpression by microinfusion of the lentiviral vector, containing its coding sequence of mouse (LV-CysLT1R), into the bilateral dentate gyri (DG) of the hippocampus or CysLT1R activation by repeated systemic administration of its agonist YM-17690 (0.1 mg/kg, once a day, i.p., for 28 d). Results The behavior data showed that overexpression of CysLT1R in hippocampal DG or administration of YM-17690 deteriorated behavioral performance in Morris water maze (MWM), Y-maze tests, and novel object recognition (NOR) in young APP/PS1 mice. The further studies showed that these treatments significantly destroyed synaptic function, as evidenced by impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), decreased spine density, low number of synapses, and decreased postsynaptic protein (PSD95), and promoted the generation of amyloid β (Aβ) through increased expression of BACE1 and PS1 in the hippocampus of young APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions Together, our results indicate that CysLT1R upregulation accelerates memory impairment in young APP/PS1 mice, which is associated with promoting synaptic dysfunction and amyloidogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong-Hao Mu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Hua Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Callens M, Kraskovskaya N, Derevtsova K, Annaert W, Bultynck G, Bezprozvanny I, Vervliet T. The role of Bcl-2 proteins in modulating neuronal Ca 2+ signaling in health and in Alzheimer's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118997. [PMID: 33711363 PMCID: PMC8041352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The family of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins exerts key functions in cellular health. Bcl-2 primarily acts in mitochondria where it controls the initiation of apoptosis. However, during the last decades, it has become clear that this family of proteins is also involved in controlling intracellular Ca2+ signaling, a critical process for the function of most cell types, including neurons. Several anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members are expressed in neurons and impact neuronal function. Importantly, expression levels of neuronal Bcl-2 proteins are affected by age. In this review, we focus on the emerging roles of Bcl-2 proteins in neuronal cells. Specifically, we discuss how their dysregulation contributes to the onset, development, and progression of neurodegeneration in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aberrant Ca2+ signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, and we propose that dysregulation of the Bcl-2-Ca2+ signaling axis may contribute to the progression of AD and that herein, Bcl-2 may constitute a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Callens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nina Kraskovskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kristina Derevtsova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research & KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Rm 7.357, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Tim Vervliet
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Brooks LJ, Clements MP, Burden JJ, Kocher D, Richards L, Devesa SC, Zakka L, Woodberry M, Ellis M, Jaunmuktane Z, Brandner S, Morrison G, Pollard SM, Dirks PB, Marguerat S, Parrinello S. The white matter is a pro-differentiative niche for glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2184. [PMID: 33846316 PMCID: PMC8042097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are hierarchically organised tumours driven by glioma stem cells that retain partial differentiation potential. Glioma stem cells are maintained in specialised microenvironments, but whether, or how, they undergo lineage progression outside of these niches remains unclear. Here we identify the white matter as a differentiative niche for glioblastomas with oligodendrocyte lineage competency. Tumour cells in contact with white matter acquire pre-oligodendrocyte fate, resulting in decreased proliferation and invasion. Differentiation is a response to white matter injury, which is caused by tumour infiltration itself in a tumoursuppressive feedback loop. Mechanistically, tumour cell differentiation is driven by selective white matter upregulation of SOX10, a master regulator of normal oligodendrogenesis. SOX10 overexpression or treatment with myelination-promoting agents that upregulate endogenous SOX10, mimic this response, leading to niche-independent pre-oligodendrocyte differentiation and tumour suppression in vivo. Thus, glioblastoma recapitulates an injury response and exploiting this latent programme may offer treatment opportunities for a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Brooks
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Melanie P Clements
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jemima J Burden
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniela Kocher
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Luca Richards
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sara Castro Devesa
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Leila Zakka
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Megan Woodberry
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Michael Ellis
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
| | - Gillian Morrison
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Departments of Surgery and Molecular Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Samuel Marguerat
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Simona Parrinello
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Chen F, Fang S, Du Y, Ghosh A, Reed MN, Long Y, Suppiramaniam V, Tang S, Hong H. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CysLT1R deletion reverses synaptic failure, amyloidosis and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6634-6661. [PMID: 33591941 PMCID: PMC7993729 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) is regarded as a causative factor for cognitive impairment. Extensive studies have found Aβ induces a series of pathophysiological responses, finally leading to memory loss in AD. Our previous results demonstrated that cysteinyl leukotrienes receptor 1 (CysLT1R) antagonists improved exogenous Aβ-induced memory impairment. But the role of CysLT1R in AD and its underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In this study, we investigated CysLT1R levels in AD patients and APP/PS1 mice. We also generated APP/PS1-CysLT1R-/- mice by clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated CysLT1R deletion in APP/PS1 mice and studied the effect of CysLT1R knockout on amyloidogenesis, synapse structure and plasticity, cognition, neuroinflammation, and kynurenine pathway. These attributes were also studied after lentivirus-mediated knockdown of CysLT1R gene in APP/PS1 mice. We found that CysLT1R knockout or knockdown could conserve synaptic structure and plasticity, and improve cognition in APP/PS1 mice. These effects were associated with concurrent decreases in amyloid processing, reduced neuroinflammation and suppression of the kynurenine pathway. Our study demonstrates that CysLT1R deficiency can mediate several beneficial effects against AD pathogenesis, and genetic/pharmacological ablation of this protein could be a potential therapeutic option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shunchang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Susu Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Siddiqui A, Akhtar S, Shah Z, Othman I, Kumari Y. Inflammation Drives Alzheimer's Disease: Emphasis on 5-lipoxygenase Pathways. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:885-895. [PMID: 32972344 PMCID: PMC8686299 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200924122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a known fact that inflammation affects several physiological processes, including the functioning of the central nervous system. Additionally, impairment of lipid mechanisms/pathways have been associated with a number of neurodegenerative disorders and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of them. However, much attention has been given to the link between tau and beta- amyloid hypothesis in AD pathogenesis/prognosis. Increasing evidences suggest that biologically active lipid molecules could influence the pathophysiology of AD via a different mechanism of inflammation. This review intends to highlight the role of inflammatory responses in the context of AD with the emphasis on biochemical pathways of lipid metabolism enzyme, 5-lipoxygenase (5- LO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Siddiqui
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha-21974, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 43614, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Chen F, Ghosh A, Lin J, Zhang C, Pan Y, Thakur A, Singh K, Hong H, Tang S. 5-lipoxygenase pathway and its downstream cysteinyl leukotrienes as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:844-855. [PMID: 32222525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is an enzyme involved in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, a metabolic pathway in which cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are the resultant metabolites. Both ALOX5 and CysLTs are clinically significant in a number of inflammatory diseases, such as in asthma and allergic rhinitis, and drugs antagonizing the effect of these molecules have long been successfully used to counter these diseases. Interestingly, recent advances in 'neuroinflammation' research has led to the discovery of several novel inflammatory pathways regulating many cerebral pathologies, including the ALOX5 pathway. By means of pharmacological and genetic studies, both ALOX5 and CysLTs receptors have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative/neurological diseases, such as in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. In both transgenic and sporadic models of AD, it has been shown that the levels of ALOX5/CysLTs are elevated, and that genetic/pharmacological interventions of these molecules can alleviate AD-related behavioral and pathological conditions. Clinical relevance of these molecules has also been found in AD brain samples. In this review, we aim to summarize such important findings on the role of ALOX5/CysLTs in AD pathophysiology, from both the cellular and the molecular aspects, and also discuss the potential of their blockers as possible therapeutic choices to curb AD-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingran Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunteng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yining Pan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kunal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Susu Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Ginsenoside Rb1 Improves Cognitive Impairment Induced by Insulin Resistance through Cdk5/p35-NMDAR-IDE Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3905719. [PMID: 32550230 PMCID: PMC7256773 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3905719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted wide attention. Studies have reported that ginsenoside Rb1 can improve human cognitive ability and glucose tolerance during the development of diabetes. The mechanism behind the improvement in cognitive ability and glucose tolerance still remains unclear. In this study, streptozotocin- (STZ-) injected mice were used as models to explore the mechanisms behind the cognitive improvement of ginsenoside Rb1. According to the results of behavioral tests, ginsenoside Rb1 improved memory and cognitive ability of STZ-lesioned mice. In addition to that, ginsenoside Rb1 also relieved glucose intolerance induced by STZ injection by enhancing insulin sensitivity. These beneficial effects of ginsenoside Rb1 is most likely mediated by upregulating the expression of NMDAR1 and IDE in the hippocampus through inhibiting the activity of Cdk5/p35. This work will be of great importance in illustrating the mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb1 for improving cognitive ability, as well as revealing the relationship between diabetes and AD.
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Wang M, Zong HF, Chang KW, Han H, Yasir Rizvi M, Iffat Neha S, Li ZY, Yang WN, Qian YH. 5-HT 1AR alleviates Aβ-induced cognitive decline and neuroinflammation through crosstalk with NF-κB pathway in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106354. [PMID: 32143008 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor is significant for the regulation of mood and memory. However, the role of 5-HT1AR in β-Amyloid protein (Aβ)-induced cognitive decline, neuroinflammation and the possible mechanism remains elusive. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 5-HT1AR on Aβ-induced learning and memory decline and neuroinflammation in mice. Novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests were performed to observe learning and memory behavior in mice. Protein levels of Iba1, GFAP, MAP2, TNF-α, Tβ4, C-fos, IKK-β, IKB-α, NF-κBp65, phospho-NF-κBp65 in the hippocampus were examined by immunostaining or western blotting. Aβ1-42-treatment inducing learning and memory decline was shown in novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests; neuroinflammation shown in immunostaining. Our study found out that 5-HT1AR inhibitor WAY100635 showed significant improvement in Aβ-induced learning and memory decline. Moreover, WAY100635 decreases levels of Iba1, GFAP, and TNF-α in the hippocampus, which were related to neuroinflammation. While treatment with 5-HT1AR agonist 8-OH-DPAT or ERK inhibitor U0126 exerted no effects or even aggravated Aβ-induced learning and memory decline. In addition, WAY100635 could downregulate phospho-NF-κB in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-injected mice. These results provide new insight into the mechanism, for 5-HT1AR in Aβ-induced cognitive impairments through crosstalk with the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our data indicated that WAY100635 was involved in the protective effects against neuroinflammation and improvement of learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Hang-Fan Zong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Ke-Wei Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China; Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mohammad Yasir Rizvi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Saema Iffat Neha
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Wei-Na Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China; Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yi-Hua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China; Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Michael J, Marschallinger J, Aigner L. The leukotriene signaling pathway: a druggable target in Alzheimer’s disease. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:505-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Protective Effects of 1-Methylnicotinamide on Aβ1–42-Induced Cognitive Deficits, Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:401-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-09830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alleviates Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity via downregulation of p38 and JNK MAPK signaling pathways. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:238-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rahman SO, Singh RK, Hussain S, Akhtar M, Najmi AK. A novel therapeutic potential of cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors modulation in the neurological complications associated with Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:208-220. [PMID: 30389631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are member of eicosanoid inflammatory lipid mediators family produced by oxidation of arachidonic acid by action of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). 5-LOX is activated by enzyme 5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), which further lead to production of cysLTs i.e. leukotriene C4 (LTC4), leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and leukotriene E4 (LTE4). CysLTs then produce their potent inflammatory actions by activating CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors. Inhibitors of cysLTs are indicated in asthma, allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory disorders. Earlier studies have associated cysLTs and their receptors in several neurodegenerative disorders diseases like, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These inflammatory lipid mediators have previously shown effects on various aggravating factors of AD. However, not much data has been elucidated to test their role against AD clinically. Herein, through this review, we have provided the current and emerging information on the role of cysLTs and their receptors in various neurological complications responsible for the development of AD. In addition, literature evidences for the effect of cysLT inhibitors on distinct aspects of abnormalities in AD has also been reviewed. Promising advancement in understanding on the role of cysLTs on the various neuromodulatory processes and mechanisms may contribute to the development of newer and safer therapy for the treatment of AD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Sohna, Gurgaon 122013, Haryana, India.
| | - Salman Hussain
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Treadmill Exercise Ameliorates Spatial Learning and Memory Deficits Through Improving the Clearance of Peripheral and Central Amyloid-Beta Levels. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1561-1574. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Reis J, Gaspar A, Milhazes N, Borges F. Chromone as a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery: Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7941-7957. [PMID: 28537720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of privileged structures in drug discovery has proven to be an effective strategy, allowing the generation of innovative hits/leads and successful optimization processes. Chromone is recognized as a privileged structure and a useful template for the design of novel compounds with potential pharmacological interest, particularly in the field of neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and infectious diseases as well as diabetes and cancer. This perspective provides the reader with an update of an earlier article entitled "Chromone: A Valid Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry" ( Chem. Rev. 2014 , 114 , 4960 - 4992 ) and is mainly focused on chromones of biological interest, including those isolated from natural sources. Moreover, as drug repurposing is becoming an attractive drug discovery approach, recent repurposing studies of chromone-based drugs are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Gaspar
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Nuno Milhazes
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
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Cysteinyl Leukotrienes as Potential Pharmacological Targets for Cerebral Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3454212. [PMID: 28607533 PMCID: PMC5451784 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3454212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent lipid mediators widely known for their actions in asthma and in allergic rhinitis. Accumulating data highlights their involvement in a broader range of inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. The reported elevated levels of CysLTs in acute and chronic brain lesions, the association between the genetic polymorphisms in the LTs biosynthesis pathways and the risk of cerebral pathological events, and the evidence from animal models link also CysLTs and brain diseases. This review will give an overview of how far research has gone into the evaluation of the role of CysLTs in the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (ischemia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, multiple sclerosis/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and epilepsy) in order to understand the underlying mechanism by which they might be central in the disease progression.
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22
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Fang SC, Xie H, Chen F, Hu M, Long Y, Sun HB, Kong LY, Hong H, Tang SS. Simvastatin ameliorates memory impairment and neurotoxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Neuroscience 2017; 355:200-211. [PMID: 28499972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes comes with an additional burden of moderate to severe hyperlipidemia, but little is known about the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on diabetic complications such as diabetes-associated cognitive decline. Herein we investigated the effects of statins on memory impairment and neurotoxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Our data indicated that oral administration of simvastatin at 10 or 20mg/kg for 4weeks significantly ameliorated diabetes-associated memory impairment reflected by performance better in the Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. The further study showed that these treatments caused significant increase of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and decrease of NF-κB p65 in nucleus of hippocampus and cortex, and ameliorated neuroinflammatory response as evidenced by less Iba-1-positive cells and lower inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as suppressed neuronal apoptosis as indicated by decreased TUNEL-positive cells, increased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and decreased caspase-3 activity in the hippocampus and cortex. Moreover, simvastatin pronouncedly attenuated amyloidogenesis by decreasing amyloid-β, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-site APP cleaving enzyme-1. As expected, treated with simvastatin, the diabetic mice exhibited significant improvement of hyperlipidemia rather than hyperglycemia. Our findings disclosed novel therapeutic potential of simvastatin for the diabetes-associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hang Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Hippocampal CysLT 1R knockdown or blockade represses LPS-induced depressive behaviors and neuroinflammatory response in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:477-487. [PMID: 28112182 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in depression and that the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) plays a potential pathophysiological role in several types of CNS disorders. Our previous study has shown that knockdown of hippocampal CysLT1R in mice prevents the depressive-like phenotype and neuroinflammation induced by chronic mild stress (CMS). Here, we examined the effects of hippocampal CysLT1R knockdown and CysLT1R blockade on LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. We found that injection of LPS (0.5 mg/kg, ip) caused marked increase in hippocampal CysLT1R expression, which was reversed by pretreatment with fluoxetine (20 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 7 d, ig). Knockdown of hippocampal CysLT1R or blockade of CysLT1R by pretreatment with pranlukast (0.5 mg/kg, ip) significantly suppressed LPS-induced depressive behaviors, as evidenced by decreases in mouse immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) and latency to feed in the novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test. Moreover, both CysLT1R knockdown and CysLT1R blockade markedly prevented LPS-induced neuroinflammation, as shown by the suppressed activation of microglia and NF-κB signaling as well as the hippocampal levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in mice. Our results suggest that CysLT1R may be involved in LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation, and that downregulation of CysLT1R could be a novel and potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of depression, at least partially due to its role in neuroinflammation.
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Ghosh A, Chen F, Wu F, Tang SS, Hu M, Long Y, Sun HB, Kong LY, Hong H. CysLT 1R downregulation reverses intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced memory impairment via modulation of neuroinflammation in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 73:19-30. [PMID: 27720931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that cysteinyl leukotrienes receptor 1 (CysLT1R) is upregulated in amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity and that administration of CysLT1R antagonists such as pranlukast or montelukast can ameliorate memory impairment in mice. In the current study, we sought to explore the role of CysLT1R in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ-ICV)-induced mouse model of memory impairment and neuroinflammation through shRNA-mediated knockdown of CysLT1R and also its pharmacological blockade by pranlukast. ICR mice were infused with STZ (3.0mg/kg) by a single bilateral stereotaxic ICV microinjection followed by administration of CysLT1R-shRNA (intra-hippocampal) or pranlukast (intragastric, IG). After 21days, a set of behavioral and biochemical tests were performed in order to assess the degree of memory impairment and neuroinflammation in mice. STZ-infused mice spent less time in the target quadrant of Morris water maze test and took more time to find the shock-free arm in modified Y-maze test, which were rescued in the CysLT1R-knockdowned or pranlukast-treated mice. STZ-induced memory impairment was also accompanied by an elevated level of hippocampal CysLT1R, microglial activation, increased IL-1β, and TNF-α. Such elevation of these factors was found to be mediated through the classical NF-κB pathway and administration of CysLT1R-shRNA or pranlukast for 21days reversed all these parameters, suggesting a role of CysLT1R in STZ-induced memory deficit and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Huang Y, Todd N, Thathiah A. The role of GPCRs in neurodegenerative diseases: avenues for therapeutic intervention. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 32:96-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Chen F, Ghosh A, Wu F, Tang S, Hu M, Sun H, Kong L, Hong H. Preventive effect of genetic knockdown and pharmacological blockade of CysLT 1R on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory deficit and neurotoxicity in vivo. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:255-269. [PMID: 27810377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we reported that cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) and the type 1 receptor for Cys-LTs (CysLT1R) are related to amyloid β (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity. The aim of the current study was to find out the role of CysLT1R on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive deficit and neurotoxicity. shRNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacological blockade (by pranlukast) of CysLT1R were performed in ICR mice for 21days prior to systemic infusion of LPS. From day 22, LPS was administered for 7days and then a set of behavioral, histopathological and biochemical tests were employed to test memory, neuroinflammation and apoptotic responses in the mouse hippocampus. LPS (only)-treated mice showed poor performance in both Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests. However, shRNA-mediated knockdown or pranlukast-treated blockade of CysLT1R improved performance of the mice in these tests. To find out the possible underlying mechanisms, we assessed several parameters such as microglial activation (by immunohistochemistry), level of CysLT1R (by WB and qRT-PCR) and the inflammatory/apoptotic pathways (by ELISA or TUNEL or WB) in the mouse hippocampus. LPS-induced memory impairment was accompanied by activation of microglia, higher level of CysLT1R, IL-1β, TNF-α and nuclear NF-κB p65. LPS also caused apoptosis in the hippocampus as detected by TUNEL staining, further supplemented by detection of increased Caspase-3 and a reduced Bcl-2/Bax ratio. All of these adverse changes in the mouse hippocampus were inhibited by pretreatment with CysLT1R-shRNA and pranlukast. Through this study we suggest that CysLT1R shares a strong correlation with LPS-associated memory deficit, neuroinflammation and apoptosis and CysLT1R could be a novel target for preventive measures to intervene the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Susu Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Zhang D, Jin B, Ondrejcak T, Rowan MJ. Opposite in vivo effects of agents that stimulate or inhibit the glutamate/cysteine exchanger system xc- on the inhibition of hippocampal LTP by Aß. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1655-1665. [PMID: 27701797 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aggregated amyloid ß-protein (Aß) is pathognomonic of Alzheimer's disease and certain assemblies of Aß are synaptotoxic. Excess glutamate or diminished glutathione reserve are both implicated in mediating or modulating Aß-induced disruption of synaptic plasticity. The system xc- antiporter promotes Na+ -independent exchange of cystine with glutamate thereby providing a major source of extracellular glutamate and intracellular glutathione concentrations. Here we probed the ability of two drugs with opposite effects on system xc-, the inhibitor sulfasalazine and facilitator N-acetylcysteine, to modulate the ability of Aß1-42 to inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area of the anaesthetized rat. Whereas acute systemic treatment with sulfasalazine lowered the threshold for Aß to interfere with synaptic plasticity, N-acetylcysteine prevented the inhibition of LTP by Aß alone or in combination with sulfasalazine. Moreover acute N-acetylcysteine also prevented the inhibition of LTP by TNFα, a putative mediator of Aß actions, and repeated systemic N-acetylcysteine treatment for 7 days reversed the delayed deleterious effect of Aß on LTP. Since both of these drugs are widely used clinically, further evaluation of their potential beneficial and deleterious actions in early Alzheimer's disease seems warranted. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Baozhe Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Tomas Ondrejcak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael J Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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28
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Ghosh A, Chen F, Thakur A, Hong H. Cysteinyl Leukotrienes and Their Receptors: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Central Nervous System Disorders. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:943-951. [PMID: 27542570 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes are a group of the inflammatory lipid molecules well known as mediators of inflammatory signaling in the allergic diseases. Although they are traditionally known for their role in allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and others, recent advances in the field of biomedical research highlighted the role of these inflammatory mediators in a broader range of diseases such as in the inflammation associated with the central nervous system (CNS) disorders, vascular inflammation (atherosclerotic), and in cancer. Among the CNS diseases, they, along with their synthesis precursor enzyme 5-lipoxygenase and their receptors, have been shown to be associated with brain injury, Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain ischemia, epilepsy, and others. However, a lot more remains elusive as the research in these areas is emerging and only a little has been discovered. Herein, through this review, we first provided a general up-to-date information on the synthesis pathway and the receptors for the molecules. Next, we summarized the current findings on their role in the brain disorders, with an insight given to the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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29
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An YQ, Zhang CT, Du Y, Zhang M, Tang SS, Hu M, Long Y, Sun HB, Hong H. PPARδ agonist GW0742 ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:663-71. [PMID: 26864581 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β deposition is thought to be associated with memory deficits, neuroinflammation, apoptotic responses, and progressive neuronal death manifested in Alzheimer's disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) is a transcription factor with potent anti-inflammatory effect. In the current study, the effect of GW0742, a selective PPARδ agonist, on Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in the hippocampus of mice. Intra-hippocampal infusion of aggregated Aβ1-42 oligomer (410pmol/mouse) remarkably damaged learning and memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests, accompanied by decreased expression of PPARδ in the hippocampus as confirmed by Western blot. Intra-hippocampal infusion of GW0742 (1.06 mM/mouse) significantly improved Aβ1-42-induced memory deficits in mice, reversed Aβ1-42-induced hippocampal PPARδ down-regulation and repressed Aβ1-42-triggered neuroinflammatory and apoptotic responses, indicated by decreased nuclear NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β as well as a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and increased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the hippocampus. These results suggest that PPARδ activation ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity, and it might play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qi An
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chun Teng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Su Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong Bing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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30
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Bazovkina DV, Tsybko AS, Filimonova EA, Ilchibaeva TV, Naumenko VS. Influence of chronic alcohol treatment on the expression of the Bdnf, Bax, Bcl-xL, and CASP3 genes in the mouse brain: Role of the C1473G polymorphism in the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 2. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Yu XB, Dong RR, Wang H, Lin JR, An YQ, Du Y, Tang SS, Hu M, Long Y, Sun HB, Kong LY, Hong H. Knockdown of hippocampal cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 prevents depressive behavior and neuroinflammation induced by chronic mild stress in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1739-49. [PMID: 26546369 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Numerous studies have demonstrated that neuroinflammation is associated with depression-like symptoms and neuropsychological disturbances, and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) was reported to be involved in neuroinflammation. The pathophysiological role of CysLT1R has been reported in several types of brain damage. However, the role of CysLT1R in depression remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effect of hippocampal CysLT1R downregulation on depressive behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses in mice exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). RESULTS We firstly found that expression of hippocampal CysLT1R was gradually increased over CMS exposure, while 3 weeks treatment with fluoxetine reversed the increment of hippocampal CysLT1R expression. Hippocampal CysLT1R knockdown suppressed CMS-induced depressive-like behaviors as evidenced by decreases in immobility time in tail suspension test (TST), decreased latency to feed in novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test, and by increase in the number of entries and decrease in time spent in the open arm in elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Increments of hippocampal NF-κB p65, IL-1β, and TNF-α induced by CMS were also prevented by hippocampal CysLT1R knockdown beforehand. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal CysLT1R participates in depression, and knockdown of hippocampal CysLT1R prevents CMS-induced depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation, suggesting that suppression of CysLT1R could prevent the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ben Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rong-Rong Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Jing-Ran Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yun-Qi An
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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32
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Chu J, Praticò D. The 5-Lipoxygenase as modulator of Alzheimer's γ-secretase and therapeutic target. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:207-212. [PMID: 27005438 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment with memory loss, extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides aggregation, and intracellular hyper-phosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) accumulation. Although the 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) protein enzyme is well known as an important modulators of oxidation and inflammation, recent work has highlighted the new hypothesis that this pathway may play a direct role in AD pathogenesis. In this review article, we will discuss how the 5LO via the γ-secretase influences Aβ peptides formation, and other molecular pathologies including neuroinflammation, synaptic integrity, and cognitive functions, and provide an assessment of how targeting this protein could lead to novel therapeutics for AD and other related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chu
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Dvash
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Menachem Rubinstein
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
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34
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Leukotriene C4 is the major trigger of stress-induced oxidative DNA damage. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10112. [PMID: 26656251 PMCID: PMC4682057 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and major chemotherapeutic agents damage DNA by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we show that ER stress and chemotherapy induce leukotriene C4 (LTC4) biosynthesis by transcriptionally upregulating and activating the enzyme microsomal glutathione-S-transferase 2 (MGST2) in cells of non-haematopoietic lineage. ER stress and chemotherapy also trigger nuclear translocation of the two LTC4 receptors. Acting in an intracrine manner, LTC4 then elicits nuclear translocation of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), ROS accumulation and oxidative DNA damage. Mgst2 deficiency, RNAi and LTC4 receptor antagonists abolish ER stress- and chemotherapy-induced ROS and oxidative DNA damage in vitro and in mouse kidneys. Cell death and mouse morbidity are also significantly attenuated. Hence, MGST2-generated LTC4 is a major mediator of ER stress- and chemotherapy-triggered oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage. LTC4 inhibitors, commonly used for asthma, could find broad clinical use in major human pathologies associated with ER stress-activated NOX4. Chemotherapeutic agents elicit ER and oxidative stress as part of their mode of action. Here the authors show that chemotherapy and ER stress trigger MGST2-based biosynthesis of LTC4, whose inhibition abolishes chemotherapy- and ER stress-triggered oxidative stress and DNA damage, resulting in the attenuation of cell death.
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35
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Li J, Ding X, Zhang R, Jiang W, Sun X, Xia Z, Wang X, Wu E, Zhang Y, Hu Y. Harpagoside ameliorates the amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment in rats via up-regulating BDNF expression and MAPK/PI3K pathways. Neuroscience 2015; 303:103-14. [PMID: 26135675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
So far, no effective disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) aiming at protecting or reversing neurodegeneration of the disease have been established yet. The present work aims to elucidate the effect of Harpagoside (abbreviated HAR), an iridoid glycosides purified from the Chinese medicinal herb Scrophularia ningpoensis, on neurodegeneration induced by β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and the underlying molecular mechanism. Here we show that HAR exerts neuroprotective effects against Aβ neurotoxicity. Rats injected aggregated Aβ₁₋₄₀ into the bilateral hippocampus displayed impaired spatial learning and memory ability in a Y-maze test and novel object recognition test, while HAR treatment ameliorated Aβ₁₋₄₀-induced behavioral deficits. Moreover, administration of HAR increased the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activated the extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathways both in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the Aβ₁₋₄₀-insulted rat model. Furthermore, in cultured primary cortical neurons, Aβ₁₋₄₂ induced significant decrease of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neuron number and neurite outgrowth length, both of which were dose dependently increased by HAR. In addition, HAR pretreatment also significantly attenuated the decrease of cell viability in Aβ₁₋₄₂-injured primary cortical neurons. Finally, when K252a, an inhibitor of Trk tyrosine kinases, and a BDNF neutralizing antibody were added to the culture medium 2 h prior to HAR addition, the protective effect of HAR on Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced neurodegeneration in the primary cortical neuron was almost inhibited. Taken together, HAR exerting neuroprotection effect and ameliorating learning and memory deficit appears to be associated, at least in part, with up-regulation of BDNF content as well as activating its downstream signaling pathways, e.g., MAPK/PI3K pathways. It raises the possibility that HAR has potential to be a therapeutic agent against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - R Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - W Jiang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Sun
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Z Xia
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - E Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - Y Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Y Hu
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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36
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Naumenko VS, Kulikov AV, Kondaurova EM, Tsybko AS, Kulikova EA, Krasnov IB, Shenkman BS, Sychev VN, Bazhenova EY, Sinyakova NA, Popova NK. Effect of actual long-term spaceflight on BDNF, TrkB, p75, BAX and BCL-XL genes expression in mouse brain regions. Neuroscience 2015; 284:730-736. [PMID: 25451288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mice of C57BL/6J strain were exposed to 1-month spaceflight on Russian biosatellite Bion-M1 to determine the effect of long-term actual spaceflight on the expression of genes involved in the processes of neurogenesis and apoptosis. Specifically, we focused on the genes encoding proapoptotic factor BAX, antiapoptotic factor BCL-XL, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and BDNF receptors TrkB and p75. Spaceflight reduced the expression of the antiapoptotic BCL-XL gene in the striatum and hypothalamus, but increased it in the hippocampus. To estimate environmental stress contribution into spaceflight effects we analyzed spaceflight-responsive genes in mice housed for 1 month on Earth in the same shuttle cabins that were used for spaceflight, and in mice of the laboratory control group. It was shown that 1-month shuttle cabin housing decreased BCL-XL gene expression in the striatum but failed to alter BCL-XL mRNA levels in the hippocampus or hypothalamus. Spaceflight failed to alter the expression of the proapoptotic BAX gene in all investigated brain structures, although the insignificant increase of the BAX mRNA level in the hippocampus of spaceflight mice was found. At the same time, shuttle cabin housing produced insignificant decrease in BAX gene expression in the hippocampus. In contrast to the BCL-XL gene, genes encoding BAX, BDNF as well as TrkB and p75 receptors did not respond to 30-day spaceflight. Thus, long-term spaceflight (1) did not affect the expression of genes encoding BDNF as well as TrkB and p75 receptors, (2) produced dysregulation in genetic control of the neuronal apoptosis, (3) implicated BCL-XL as the risk factor for spaceflight-induced behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - A V Kulikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E M Kondaurova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A S Tsybko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Kulikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I B Krasnov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Khoroshevskoe Street, 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - B S Shenkman
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Khoroshevskoe Street, 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - V N Sychev
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Khoroshevskoe Street, 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Y Bazhenova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N A Sinyakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N K Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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