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Hansen HD, Lindberg U, Ozenne B, Fisher PM, Johansen A, Svarer C, Keller SH, Hansen AE, Knudsen GM. Visual stimuli induce serotonin release in occipital cortex: A simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging study. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4753-4763. [PMID: 32813903 PMCID: PMC7555083 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous serotonin (5-HT) release can be measured noninvasively using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in combination with certain serotonergic radiotracers. This allows us to investigate effects of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions on brain 5-HT levels in living humans. Here, we study the neural responses to a visual stimulus using simultaneous PET/MRI. In a cross-over design, 11 healthy individuals were PET/MRI scanned with the 5-HT1B receptor radioligand [11 C]AZ10419369, which is sensitive to changes in endogenous 5-HT. During the last part of the scan, participants either viewed autobiographical images with positive valence (n = 11) or kept their eyes closed (n = 7). The visual stimuli increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the occipital cortex, as measured with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling. Simultaneously, we found decreased 5-HT1B receptor binding in the occipital cortex (-3.6 ± 3.6%), indicating synaptic 5-HT release. Using a linear regression model, we found that the change in 5-HT1B receptor binding was significantly negatively associated with change in CBF in the occipital cortex (p = .004). For the first time, we here demonstrate how cerebral 5-HT levels change in response to nonpharmacological stimuli in humans, as measured with PET. Our findings more directly support a link between 5-HT signaling and visual processing and/or visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Demant Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, Massachusetts
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Johansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune Høgild Keller
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Espe Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Luo L, Becker B, Zheng X, Zhao Z, Xu X, Zhou F, Wang J, Kou J, Dai J, Kendrick KM. A dimensional approach to determine common and specific neurofunctional markers for depression and social anxiety during emotional face processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:758-771. [PMID: 29105895 PMCID: PMC6866417 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorder are both prevalent and debilitating. High rates of comorbidity between MDD and social anxiety disorder (SAD) suggest common pathological pathways, including aberrant neural processing of interpersonal signals. In patient populations, the determination of common and distinct neurofunctional markers of MDD and SAD is often hampered by confounding factors, such as generally elevated anxiety levels and disorder-specific brain structural alterations. This study employed a dimensional disorder approach to map neurofunctional markers associated with levels of depression and social anxiety symptoms in a cohort of 91 healthy subjects using an emotional face processing paradigm. Examining linear associations between levels of depression and social anxiety, while controlling for trait anxiety revealed that both were associated with exaggerated dorsal striatal reactivity to fearful and sad expression faces respectively. Exploratory analysis revealed that depression scores were positively correlated with dorsal striatal functional connectivity during processing of fearful faces, whereas those of social anxiety showed a negative association during processing of sad faces. No linear relationships between levels of depression and social anxiety were observed during a facial-identity matching task or with brain structure. Together, the present findings indicate that dorsal striatal neurofunctional alterations might underlie aberrant interpersonal processing associated with both increased levels of depression and social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Juan Kou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Keith M. Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
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