1
|
Jia Y, Zhang F, Meng X, Andreev D, Lyu P, Zhang W, Lai C, Schett G, Bozec A. Osteocytes support bone metastasis of melanoma cells by CXCL5. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216866. [PMID: 38589005 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a common complication of certain cancers such as melanoma. The spreading of cancer cells into the bone is supported by changes in the bone marrow environment. The specific role of osteocytes in this process is yet to be defined. By RNA-seq and chemokines screening we show that osteocytes release the chemokine CXCL5 when they are exposed to melanoma cells. Osteocytes-mediated CXCL5 secretion enhanced the migratory and invasive behaviour of melanoma cells. When the expression of the CXCL5 receptor, CXCR2, was down-regulated in melanoma cells in vitro, we observed a significant decrease in melanoma cell migration in response to osteocytes. Furthermore, melanoma cells with down-regulated CXCR2 expression showed less bone metastasis and less bone loss in the bone metastasis model in vivo. Furthermore, when simultaneously down-regulating CXCL5 in osteocytes and CXCR2 in melanoma cells, melanoma progression was abrogated in vivo. In summary, these data suggest a significant role of osteocytes in bone metastasis of melanoma, which is mediated through the CXCL5-CXCR2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fulin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xianyi Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Darja Andreev
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pang Lyu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wenshuo Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chaobo Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Wang C, Xia M, Tian Z, Zhou J, Berger JM, Zhang XHF, Xiao H. Engineering small-molecule and protein drugs for targeting bone tumors. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1219-1237. [PMID: 38449313 PMCID: PMC11081876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer is common and severe. Both primary (e.g., osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma) and secondary (e.g., metastatic) bone cancers lead to significant health problems and death. Currently, treatments such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation therapy are used to treat bone cancer, but they often only shrink or slow tumor growth and do not eliminate cancer completely. The bone microenvironment contributes unique signals that influence cancer growth, immunogenicity, and metastasis. Traditional cancer therapies have limited effectiveness due to off-target effects and poor distribution on bones. As a result, therapies with improved specificity and efficacy for treating bone tumors are highly needed. One of the most promising strategies involves the targeted delivery of pharmaceutical agents to the site of bone cancer by introduction of bone-targeting moieties, such as bisphosphonates or oligopeptides. These moieties have high affinities to the bone hydroxyapatite matrix, a structure found exclusively in skeletal tissue, and can enhance the targeting ability and efficacy of anticancer drugs when combating bone tumors. This review focuses on the engineering of small molecules and proteins with bone-targeting moieties for the treatment of bone tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Chenhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Zeru Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Joseph Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Julian Meyer Berger
- Osteologic Therapeutics, Inc., 228 Park Ave S PMB 35546, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; SynthX Center, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lan H, Wu B, Jin K, Chen Y. Beyond boundaries: unraveling innovative approaches to combat bone-metastatic cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1260491. [PMID: 38260135 PMCID: PMC10800370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1260491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence demonstrated that bones, liver, and lungs are the most common metastasis sites in some human malignancies, especially in prostate and breast cancers. Bone is the third most frequent target for spreading tumor cells among these organs and tissues. Patients with bone-metastatic cancers face a grim prognosis characterized by short median survival time. Current treatments have proven insufficient, as they can only inhibit metastasis or tumor progression within the bone tissues rather than providing a curative solution. Gaining a more profound comprehension of the interplay between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment (BME) is of utmost importance in tackling this issue. This knowledge will pave the way for developing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying bone metastasis and discusses the clinical aspects of this pathologic condition. Additionally, it highlights emerging therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing the quality of life for patients affected by bone-metastatic cancers. By synthesizing current research, this review seeks to shed light on the complexities of bone metastasis and offer insights for future advancements in patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanrong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hosptial, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yefeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bone Metastasis in Bladder Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 13:jpm13010054. [PMID: 36675715 PMCID: PMC9864951 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the 10th most common and 13th most deadly malignancy worldwide. About 5% of BCa patients present initially with metastatic disease, with bone being the most diagnosed site for distant metastasis. The overall one-year survival of patients with BCa is 84%, whereas it is only 21% in patients with bone metastasis (BM). Metastasis of BCa cells to bone occurs by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, intravasation, extravasation, and interactions with the bone microenvironment. However, the mechanism of BCa metastasis to the bone is not completely understood; it needs a further preclinical model to completely explain the process. As different imaging mechanisms, PET-CT cannot replace a radionuclide bone scan or an MRI for diagnosing BM. The management of BCa patients with BM includes chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, bisphosphonates, denosumab, radioisotopes, and surgery. The objective of these treatments is to inhibit disease progression, improve overall survival, reduce skeletal-related events, relieve pain, and improve the quality of life of patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Evolution of bone metastases in patients receiving at least three months of checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2609-2618. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Di Pompo G, Kusuzaki K, Ponzetti M, Leone VF, Baldini N, Avnet S. Radiodynamic Therapy with Acridine Orange Is an Effective Treatment for Bone Metastases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081904. [PMID: 36009451 PMCID: PMC9405350 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current multimodal treatment of bone metastases is partially effective and often associated with side effects, and novel therapeutic options are needed. Acridine orange is a photosensitizing molecule that accumulates in acidic compartments. After photo- or radiodynamic activation (AO-PDT or AO-RDT), acridine orange can induce lysosomal-mediated cell death, and we explored AO-RDT as an acid-targeted anticancer therapy for bone metastases. We used osteotropic carcinoma cells and human osteoclasts to assess the extracellular acidification and invasiveness of cancer cells, acridine orange uptake and lysosomal pH/stability, and the AO-RDT cytotoxicity in vitro. We then used a xenograft model of bone metastasis to compare AO-RDT to another antiacid therapeutic strategy (omeprazole). Carcinoma cells showed extracellular acidification activity and tumor-derived acidosis enhanced cancer invasiveness. Furthermore, cancer cells accumulated acridine orange more than osteoclasts and were more sensitive to lysosomal death. In vivo, omeprazole did not reduce osteolysis, whereas AO-RDT promoted cancer cell necrosis and inhibited tumor-induced bone resorption, without affecting osteoclasts. In conclusion, AO-RDT was selectively toxic only for carcinoma cells and effective to impair both tumor expansion in bone and tumor-associated osteolysis. We therefore suggest the use of AO-RDT, in combination with the standard antiresorptive therapies, to reduce disease burden in bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Di Pompo
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katsuyuki Kusuzaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Takai Hospital, Tenri 632-0372, Japan
| | - Marco Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Baldini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
MicroRNAs: Emerging Regulators of Metastatic Bone Disease in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030729. [PMID: 35158995 PMCID: PMC8833828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a frequent complication in patients with advanced breast cancer. Once in the bone, cancer cells disrupt the tightly regulated cellular balance within the bone microenvironment, leading to excessive bone destruction and further tumor growth. Physiological and pathological interactions in the bone marrow are mediated by cell-cell contacts and secreted molecules that include soluble proteins as well as RNA molecules. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally interfere with their target messenger RNA (mRNA) and subsequently reduce protein abundance. Since their discovery, miRNAs have been identified as critical regulators of physiological and pathological processes, including breast cancer and associated metastatic bone disease. Depending on their targets, miRNAs can exhibit pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic functions and serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. These properties have encouraged pre-clinical and clinical development programs to investigate miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various diseases, including metastatic cancers. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in metastatic bone disease with a focus on breast cancer and the bone microenvironment and elaborate on their potential use for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in metastatic bone disease and beyond.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While the function of osteocytes under physiologic conditions is well defined, their role and involvement in cancer disease remains relatively unexplored, especially in a context of non-bone metastatic cancer. This review will focus on describing the more advanced knowledge regarding the interactions between osteocytes and cancer. RECENT FINDINGS We will discuss the involvement of osteocytes in the onset and progression of osteosarcoma, with the common bone cancers, as well as the interaction that is established between osteocytes and multiple myeloma. Mechanisms responsible for cancer dissemination to bone, as frequently occur with advanced breast and prostate cancers, will be reviewed. While a role for osteocytes in the stimulation and proliferation of cancer cells has been reported, protective effects of osteocytes against bone colonization have been described as well, thus increasing ambiguity regarding the role of osteocytes in cancer progression and dissemination. Lastly, supporting the idea that skeletal defects can occur also in the absence of direct cancer dissemination or osteolytic lesions directly adjacent to the bone, our recent findings will be presented showing that in the absence of bone metastases, the bone microenvironment and, particularly, osteocytes, can manifest a clear and dramatic response to the distant, non-metastatic tumor. Our observations support new studies to clarify whether treatments designed to preserve the osteocytes can be combined with traditional anticancer therapies, even when bone is not directly affected by tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matt Prideaux
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W Walnut Street, R3-C522, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Capietto AH, Lee S, Clever D, Eul E, Ellis H, Ma CX, Faccio R. Effective Treatment of Established Bone Metastases Can Be Achieved by Combinatorial Osteoclast Blockade and Depletion of Granulocytic Subsets. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1400-1412. [PMID: 34551967 PMCID: PMC8642282 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast (OC) blockade has been successful in reducing tumor growth in bone in preclinical settings, but antiresorptive drugs, such as zoledronic acid (ZA), fail to improve the overall survival rate of patients with bone metastasis despite ameliorating skeletal complications. To address this unmet clinical need, we interrogated what other cells modulated tumor growth in bone in addition to OCs. Because myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)-heterogeneous populations expressing CD11b, Ly6C, and Ly6G markers-originate in the bone marrow and promote tumor progression, we hypothesized that their accumulation hinders ZA antitumor effects. By using a murine model of bone metastasis insensitive to OC blockade, we assessed the antitumor effect of MDSC depletion using anti-Gr1 in mice bearing skeletal lung [Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)], melanoma (B16-F10), and mammary (4T1) tumors. Differently from soft tissue tumors, anti-Gr1 did not reduce bone metastases and led to the paradoxical accumulation of bone marrow-resident CD11b+Ly6CintLy6Gint cells that differentiated into OCs when cultured in vitro Anti-Gr1-mediated depletion of Ly6G+ granulocytic MDSCs combined with ZA-induced OC blockade reduced growth of established skeletal metastases compared with each agent alone. CD15+ granulocytic populations were increased in patients with breast cancer with progressive bone disease after antiresorptive treatment compared with those with stable bone disease. We provide evidence that antiresorptive therapies fail to reduce bone metastases in the presence of elevated granulocytic populations and that effective treatment of established skeletal metastases requires combinatorial depletion of granulocytes and OC blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude-Hélène Capietto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David Clever
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emily Eul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Haley Ellis
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cynthia X Ma
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spinal metastasis: The rise of minimally invasive surgery. Surgeon 2021; 20:328-333. [PMID: 34563452 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone is the third most common site of metastatic cancer, of which the spine is the most frequently involved. As metastatic cancer prevalence rises and surgical techniques advance, operative intervention for spinal metastases is expected to rise. In the first operative cohort of spinal metastasis in Ireland, we describe the move towards less invasive surgery, the causative primary types and post-operative survival. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of all operative interventions for spinal metastasis in a tertiary referral centre over eight years. Primary spinal tumours and local invasion to the spine were excluded. Median follow up was 1895 days. RESULTS 225 operative procedures in 196 patients with spinal metastasis were performed over eight years. Average cases per year increased form 20 per year to 29 per year. Percutaneous procedures became more common, accounting for the majority (53%) in the final two years. The most common primary types were breast, myeloma, lung, prostate and renal. Overall survival at 1 year was 51%. Primary type was a major determinant of survival, with breast and the haematological cancers demonstrating good survival, while lung had the worst prognosis. CONCLUSION This is the first descriptive cohort of operative interventions for spinal metastasis in an Irish context. Surgery for spinal metastasis is performed at an increasing rate, especially through minimally-invasive means. The majority of patients survive for at least one year post-operatively. Prudent resource planning is necessary to prepare for this growing need.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lasagna A, Cuzzocrea F, Maccario G, Mahagna A, Sacchi P, U Mondelli M. Bone metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma: some food for thought. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3777-3780. [PMID: 34313153 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angioletta Lasagna
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale C. Golgi 19, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cuzzocrea
- Orthopedics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale C. Golgi 19, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Gaia Maccario
- Orthopedics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale C. Golgi 19, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Antonio Mahagna
- Orthopedics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale C. Golgi 19, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Paolo Sacchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases I, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale C. Golgi 19, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Mario U Mondelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale C. Golgi 19, Pavia 27100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Madel MB, Elefteriou F. Mechanisms Supporting the Use of Beta-Blockers for the Management of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122887. [PMID: 34207620 PMCID: PMC8228198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone represents the most common site of metastasis for breast cancer and the establishment and growth of metastatic cancer cells within the skeleton significantly reduces the quality of life of patients and their survival. The interplay between sympathetic nerves and bone cells, and its influence on the process of breast cancer bone metastasis is increasingly being recognized. Several mechanisms, all dependent on β-adrenergic receptor signaling in stromal bone cells, were shown to promote the establishment of disseminated cancer cells into the skeleton. This review provides a summary of these mechanisms in support of the therapeutic potential of β-blockers for the early management of breast cancer metastasis. Abstract The skeleton is heavily innervated by sympathetic nerves and represents a common site for breast cancer metastases, the latter being the main cause of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients. Progression and recurrence of breast cancer, as well as decreased overall survival in breast cancer patients, are associated with chronic stress, a condition known to stimulate sympathetic nerve outflow. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that sympathetic stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors in osteoblasts increases bone vascular density, adhesion of metastatic cancer cells to blood vessels, and their colonization of the bone microenvironment, whereas β-blockade prevented these events in mice with high endogenous sympathetic activity. These findings in preclinical models, along with clinical data from breast cancer patients receiving β-blockers, support the pathophysiological role of excess sympathetic nervous system activity in the formation of bone metastases, and the potential of commonly used, safe, and low-cost β-blockers as adjuvant therapy to improve the prognosis of bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
D'Oronzo S, Wood S, Brown JE. "The use of bisphosphonates to treat skeletal complications in solid tumours". Bone 2021; 147:115907. [PMID: 33676057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is the most common site of secondary disease in breast cancer and prostate cancer, with up to 80% of patients with advanced disease developing bone metastases (BM). The proportion is also substantial in advanced lung cancer (20%-40%). Because of the high prevalence of cancers of the breast, prostate and lung, these cancers account for more than 80% of cases of metastatic bone disease occurring in solid tumours. Metastatic bone disease is associated with greatly increased bone resorption by osteoclasts, leading to moderate to severe pain and other skeletal complications, with major impact on quality of life (QoL). Skeletal Related Events (SREs) have been defined as: pathological long bone or vertebral fractures; spinal cord compression; need for radiation for pain relief or to prevent fracture/spinal cord compression, need for surgery to bone and hypercalcaemia. More recently, Symptomatic Skeletal Events (SSEs) have been defined to monitor QoL. Although there are currently no curative treatments for metastatic bone disease, patients with breast or prostate cancer and BM are now surviving for several years and sometimes longer, and prevention of SREs is the key aim to optimization of QoL. Since their discovery 50 years ago and their introduction more than 30 years ago into the field of metastatic bone disease, a range of oral and intravenous bisphosphonate drugs have made a major contribution to prevention of SREs. Large trials have clearly demonstrated the clinical value of different bisphosphonate-based drugs (including the oral drugs ibandronate and clodronate and intravenous agents such as zoledronate and pamidronate), in treatment of hypercalcaemia of malignancy and the reduction of SREs and SSEs in a range of cancers. Despite the success of denosumab in reducing osteolysis, bisphosphonates also remain mainstay drugs for treatment of metastatic bone disease. Recognizing the 50th Anniversary of the discovery of bisphosphonates, this review focuses on their continuing value in BM treatment and their future potential, for example in providing a bone-targeting vehicle for cytotoxic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D'Oronzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - S Wood
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.
| | - J E Brown
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Weston Park Hospital, Whitham Rd, Broomhill, Sheffield S10 2SJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brignole C, Pastorino F, Perri P, Amoroso L, Bensa V, Calarco E, Ponzoni M, Corrias MV. Bone Marrow Environment in Metastatic Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102467. [PMID: 34069335 PMCID: PMC8158729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the interactions occurring in the BM environment has been facilitated by the peculiar nature of metastatic NB. In fact: (i) metastases are present at diagnosis; (ii) metastases are confined in a very specific tissue, the BM, suggestive of a strong attraction and possibility of survival; (iii) differently from adult cancers, NB metastases are available because the diagnostic procedures require morphological examination of BM; (iv) NB metastatic cells express surface antigens that allow enrichment of NB metastatic cells by immune-magnetic separation; and (v) patients with localized disease represent an internal control to discriminate specific alterations occurring in the metastatic niche from generic alterations determined by the neoplastic growth at the primary site. Here, we first review the information regarding the features of BM-infiltrating NB cells. Then, we focus on the alterations found in the BM of children with metastatic NB as compared to healthy children and children with localized NB. Specifically, information regarding all the BM cell populations and their sub-sets will be first examined in the context of BM microenvironment in metastatic NB. In the last part, the information regarding the soluble factors will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brignole
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (V.B.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Fabio Pastorino
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (V.B.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Patrizia Perri
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (V.B.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Loredana Amoroso
- Pediatric Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Veronica Bensa
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (V.B.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Enzo Calarco
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (V.B.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (V.B.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.B.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (V.B.); (E.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Haider MT, Ridlmaier N, Smit DJ, Taipaleenmäki H. Interleukins as Mediators of the Tumor Cell-Bone Cell Crosstalk during the Initiation of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2898. [PMID: 33809315 PMCID: PMC7999500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced breast cancer are at high risk of developing bone metastasis. Despite treatment advances for primary breast cancer, metastatic bone disease remains incurable with a low relative survival. Hence, new therapeutic approaches are required to improve survival and treatment outcome for these patients. Bone is among the most frequent sites of metastasis in breast cancer. Once in the bone, disseminated tumor cells can acquire a dormant state and remain quiescent until they resume growth, resulting in overt metastasis. At this stage the disease is characterized by excessive, osteoclast-mediated osteolysis. Cells of the bone microenvironment including osteoclasts, osteoblasts and endothelial cells contribute to the initiation and progression of breast cancer bone metastasis. Direct cell-to-cell contact as well as soluble factors regulate the crosstalk between disseminated breast cancer cells and bone cells. In this complex signaling network interleukins (ILs) have been identified as key regulators since both, cancer cells and bone cells secrete ILs and express corresponding receptors. ILs regulate differentiation and function of bone cells, with several ILs being reported to act pro-osteoclastogenic. Consistently, the expression level of ILs (e.g., in serum) has been associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. In this review we discuss the role of the most extensively investigated ILs during the establishment of breast cancer bone metastasis and highlight their potential as therapeutic targets in preventing metastatic outgrowth in bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Haider
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Nicole Ridlmaier
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (N.R.)
- Department of Life Sciences, IMC FH Krems University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Daniel J. Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (N.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kameda Y, Aizawa M, Sato T, Honda M. Zoledronic Acid-Loaded β-TCP Inhibits Tumor Proliferation and Osteoclast Activation: Development of a Functional Bone Substitute for an Efficient Osteosarcoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1889. [PMID: 33672879 PMCID: PMC7918630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma has a poor survival rate due to relapse and metastasis. Zoledronic acid (ZOL), an anti-resorptive and anti-tumor agent, is used for treating osteosarcoma. Delivery of ZOL to the target region is difficult due to its high binding affinity to bone minerals. This study developed a novel treatment for osteosarcoma by delivering ZOL to the target region locally and sustainably. In this study, we fabricated a novel bone substitute by loading ZOL on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). The ZOL-loaded β-TCP (ZOL/β-TCP) would be expected to express the inhibitory effects via both bound-ZOL (bound to β-TCP) and free-ZOL (release from ZOL/β-TCP). To explore the ability to release ZOL from the ZOL/β-TCP, the amount of released ZOL was measured. The released profile indicates that a small amount of ZOL was released, and most of it remained on the β-TCP. Our data showed that ZOL/β-TCP could successfully express the effects of ZOL via both bound-ZOL and free-ZOL. In addition, we examined the biological effects of bound/free-ZOL using osteosarcoma and osteoclasts (target cells). The results showed that two states of ZOL (bound/free) inhibit target cell activities. As a result, ZOL/β-TCP is a promising candidate for application as a novel bone substitute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kameda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mamoru Aizawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Taira Sato
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Michiyo Honda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The rise of metastatic bone disease in Ireland. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:693-702. [PMID: 33099723 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To describe the expected rise of metastatic bone disease in Ireland, the relative primary types, and the locations of spread within the skeleton. This was a population-based epidemiological study using cancer registry data. We included patients with known metastatic cancer to bone, within 1 year of the primary diagnosis, during the years 1994 to 2012 inclusive. Our main outcome measures were age-specific, gender-specific and age-standardised incidence rates of bone metastasis, primary types and metastatic location within the skeleton. There were 14,495 recognised cases of bone metastasis in Ireland, 1994-2012 inclusive. Cases consistently rose over the time period, with 108% case increase and 51% age-standardised incidence rise. Annual percentage change increased across both genders and over all age groups. Most of this rise was not due to demographic population change. Breast, prostate and lung accounted for the majority of primary types. GI cancers were the fourth most common primary type. There were proportional increases in breast and lung, with proportional decreases in prostate. The spine was the major metastatic site. Bone metastasis is a significant and rising healthcare concern in Ireland. This rise is disproportionate to demographic changes. Breast, prostate and lung cancers account for the majority. GI cancers are implicated in an unexpectedly high number of cases. Spine is the most common location of bony metastasis, especially at presentation. Prudent healthcare planning is necessitated to prepare for the growing consequences of bone metastasis in cancer patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang M, Xia F, Wei Y, Wei X. Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32793401 PMCID: PMC7391760 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bone, a Secondary Growth Site of Breast and Prostate Carcinomas: Role of Osteocytes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071812. [PMID: 32640686 PMCID: PMC7408809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is the primarily preferred site for breast and prostate cancer to metastasize. Bone metastases are responsible for most deaths related to breast and prostate cancer. The bone's particular microenvironment makes it conducive for the growth of cancer cells. Studies on bone metastasis have focused on the interaction between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment. Osteocytes, the most common cell type of bone tissue, have received little attention in bone metastasis, although they are master signal sensors, integrators, and skeleton transducers. They play an important role in regulating bone mass by acting on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, through the release of proteins such as sclerostin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Osteocytes have been extensively re-evaluated, in light of their multiple functions: with different experimental approaches, it has been shown that, indeed, osteocytes are actively involved in the colonization of bone tissue by cancer cells. The present review focuses on recent research on the role that osteocytes play in bone metastasis of breast and prostate cancers. Moreover, the studies here summarized open up perspectives for new therapeutic approaches focused on modulating the activity of osteocytes to improve the condition of the bone metastatic patients. A better understanding of the complex interactions between cancer cells and bone-resident cells is indispensable for identifying potential therapeutic targets to stop tumor progression and prevent bone metastases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Haider MT, Smit DJ, Taipaleenmäki H. The Endosteal Niche in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:335. [PMID: 32232008 PMCID: PMC7082928 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of bone metastasis remains one of the most frequent complications of patients suffering from advanced breast cancer. Patients with bone metastases experience high morbidity and mortality caused by excessive, tumor-induced and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Anti-resorptive treatments, such as bisphosphonates, are available to ease skeletal related events including pain, increased fracture risk, and hypercalcemia. However, the disease remains incurable and 5-year survival rates for these patients are below 25%. Within the bone, disseminated breast cancer cells localize in “metastatic niches,” special microenvironments that are thought to regulate cancer cell colonization and dormancy as well as tumor progression and subsequent development into overt metastases. Precise location and composition of this “metastatic niche” remain poorly defined. However, it is thought to include an “endosteal niche” that is composed of key bone cells that are derived from both, hematopoietic stem cells (osteoclasts), and mesenchymal stromal cells (osteoblasts, fibroblasts, adipocytes). Our knowledge of how osteoclasts drive the late stage of the disease is well-established. In contrast, much less is known about the interaction between osteogenic cells and disseminated tumor cells prior to the initiation of the osteolytic phase. Recent studies suggest that mesenchymal-derived cells, including osteoblasts and fibroblasts, play a key role during the early stages of breast cancer bone metastasis such as tumor cell homing, bone marrow colonization, and tumor cell dormancy. Hence, elucidating the interactions between breast cancer cells and mesenchymal-derived cells that drive metastasis progression could provide novel therapeutic approaches and targets to treat breast cancer bone metastasis. In this review we discuss evidences reporting the interaction between tumor cells and endosteal niche cells during the early stages of breast cancer bone metastasis, with a particular focus on mesenchymal-derived osteoblasts and fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Haider
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mathematical modelling of the role of Endo180 network in the development of metastatic bone disease in prostate cancer. Comput Biol Med 2020; 117:103619. [PMID: 32072971 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is a common complication of advanced cancer and recent research suggests that Endo180 expression is dysregulated through the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway during the invasion of tumour cells in the development of MBD. We here provide a model for the dysregulation of the Endo180 network to demonstrate its vital contribution to bone destruction as well as tumour cell growth. The model consisted of a set of ordinary differential equations and reconstructed variations in the bone cells, resultant bone volume, and biochemical factors involved in the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway over time. The model also investigated the underlying mechanism in which the change of TGFβ affects the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway and the resultant Endo180 expression in osteoblastic and tumour cells. The model links the appearance of tumour cells with the inhibition of TGFβ binding to its receptors on osteoblastic cells, to affect TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling and Endo180 expression. Temporal variation in bone cells, bone volume, and the biochemical factors involved in the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 pathway as demonstrated in the model simulations agree with published experimental data. The model can be refined based on further discoveries but allows the influence of Endo180 network dysregulation on bone remodelling in MBD to be established. This model could aid in the development of Endo180 targeted therapies for MBD in the future.
Collapse
|
22
|
Brown JE, Westbrook JA, Wood SL. Dedicator of Cytokinesis 4: A Potential Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker Within the Metastatic Spread of Breast Cancer to Bone. Cancer Inform 2019; 18:1176935119866842. [PMID: 31488945 PMCID: PMC6712742 DOI: 10.1177/1176935119866842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to bone occurs in over 70% of patients with advanced breast cancer resulting in skeletal complications, including pathological fractures, hypercalcaemia, and bone pain. Significant advances have been made in the treatment of bone metastases, including the use of antiresorptive drugs, such as bisphosphonates, as well as antibody-based therapies targeting key signalling intermediates within the process of cancer-mediated bone destruction. Despite these advances, treatment is not without side effects, including osteonecrosis of the jaw therefore biomarkers predictive of which patients are at high risk of developing bone spread are required to enable personalized medicine initiatives within this important disease area. We used proteomic analysis to compare the protein expression within (1) a parental triple negative human breast cancer cell line, (2) a fully bone homing cell line and (3) a lung homing cell line. The bone and lung homing cell-lines were derived by intra-cardiac injection of fluorescently labelled cells within immune-compromised mice. Proteomics identified Dedicator of Cytokinesis 4 as a biomarker predictive of bone spread, and this finding was further supported by the observation that high levels of Dedicator of Cytokinesis 4 within primary breast tumours were predictive of breast cancer spread to bone. Here, we provide an overview of this study and put the findings into context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Brown
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jules A Westbrook
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven L Wood
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hesse E, Schröder S, Brandt D, Pamperin J, Saito H, Taipaleenmäki H. Sclerostin inhibition alleviates breast cancer-induced bone metastases and muscle weakness. JCI Insight 2019; 5:125543. [PMID: 30965315 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer bone metastases often cause a debilitating non-curable condition with osteolytic lesions, muscle weakness and a high mortality. Current treatment comprises chemotherapy, irradiation, surgery and anti-resorptive drugs that restrict but do not revert bone destruction. In metastatic breast cancer cells, we determined the expression of sclerostin, a soluble Wnt inhibitor that represses osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In mice with breast cancer bone metastases, pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin using an anti-sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) reduced metastases without tumor cell dissemination to other distant sites. Sclerostin inhibition prevented the cancer-induced bone destruction by augmenting osteoblast-mediated bone formation and reducing osteoclast-dependent bone resorption. During advanced disease, NF-κB and p38 signaling was increased in muscles in a TGF-β1-dependent manner, causing muscle fiber atrophy, muscle weakness and tissue regeneration with an increase in Pax7-positive satellite cells. Scl-Ab treatment restored NF-κB and p38 signaling, the abundance of Pax7-positive cells and ultimately muscle function. These effects improved the overall health condition and expanded the life span of cancer-bearing mice. Together, these results demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin reduces bone metastatic burden and muscle weakness with a prolongation of the survival time. This might provide novel options for treating musculoskeletal complications in breast cancer patients. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hesse
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Saskia Schröder
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana Brandt
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jenny Pamperin
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
DiNatale A, Fatatis A. The Bone Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:171-184. [PMID: 31900910 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The propensity of prostate cancer cells to seed the skeleton and then progress into clinically relevant metastatic tumors is widely recognized and a major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients. The natural history of prostate adenocarcinoma most frequently begins with a tumor diagnosed at a localized stage, which is successfully treated by surgical and/or radiation therapy modalities. A relevant percentage of patients are clinically cured but approximately 20-30% will develop biochemical signs of recurrence, which respond to the inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) signaling by hormone-deprivation and receptor antagonists, before the inevitable transition into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This stage simultaneously presents with or is rapidly followed by secondary tumors, which involve the skeleton in more than 90% of cases (mCRPC). While generalization in clinical practice is always unwise, it is indisputable that bone-metastatic prostate cancer is virtually incurable. Decades of research have revealed that the tissue microenvironment provided by the bone marrow is as important as the cell-autonomous features of tumor cells in fostering the right conditions that lead to establishment and progression of metastatic tumors in the skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony DiNatale
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Program in Prostate Cancer, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Program in Prostate Cancer, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Taipaleenmäki H, Farina NH, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Hesse E, Stein GS, Lian JB. Antagonizing miR-218-5p attenuates Wnt signaling and reduces metastatic bone disease of triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79032-79046. [PMID: 27738322 PMCID: PMC5346696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is implicated in bone formation and activated in breast cancer cells promoting primary and metastatic tumor growth. A compelling question is whether osteogenic miRNAs that increase Wnt activity for bone formation are aberrantly expressed in breast tumor cells to support metastatic bone disease. Here we report that miR-218-5p is highly expressed in bone metastases from breast cancer patients, but is not detected in normal mammary epithelial cells. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-218-5p impaired the growth of bone metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells in the bone microenvironment in vivo. These findings indicate a positive role for miR-218-5p in bone metastasis. Bioinformatic and biochemical analyses revealed a positive correlation between aberrant miR-218-5p expression and activation of Wnt signaling in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, miR-218-5p targets the Wnt inhibitors Sclerostin (SOST) and sFRP-2, which highly enhances Wnt signaling. In contrast, delivery of antimiR-218-5p decreased Wnt activity and the expression of metastasis-related genes, including bone sialoprotein (BSP/IBSP), osteopontin (OPN/SPP1) and CXCR-4, implicating a Wnt/miR-218-5p regulatory network in bone metastatic breast cancer. Furthermore, miR-218-5p also mediates the Wnt-dependent up-regulation of PTHrP, a key cytokine promoting cancer-induced osteolysis. Antagonizing miR-218-5p reduced the expression of PTHrP and Rankl, inhibited osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo, and prevented the development of osteolytic lesions in a preclinical metastasis model. We conclude that pathological elevation of miR-218-5p in breast cancer cells activates Wnt signaling to enhance metastatic properties of breast cancer cells and cancer-induced osteolytic disease, suggesting that miR-218-5p could be an attractive therapeutic target for preventing disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas H Farina
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Eric Hesse
- Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Asonitis N, Kassi E, Kokkinos M, Giovanopoulos I, Petychaki F, Gogas H. Hypercalcemia of malignancy treated with cinacalcet. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2017; 2017:EDM170118. [PMID: 29399364 PMCID: PMC5788071 DOI: 10.1530/edm-17-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercalcemia of malignancy is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients. It is associated with a poor prognosis, since it reflects an advanced cancer stage. Among all cancer in females, breast cancer is the most common malignancy, and it has the highest prevalence of hypercalcemia. Approximately 70% of patients with breast cancer have bone metastases and 10% of them will have hypercalcemia as a complication at some point in the disease. Herein, we report a 69-year-old female patient with metastatic breast cancer, who developed severe hypercalcemia in the course of her disease and was diagnosed with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). Intense hydration along with corticoisteroids and antiresorptive medication (calcitonin, bisphosphonates and denosumab) were administered to the patient. Despite the above treatment, serum calcium levels remain elevated and calcimimetic cinacalcet was added. Upon discontinuation of cinacalcet, calcium levels were raised and returned back to the normal levels following re-initiation of the calcimimetic. Her calcium level restored to normal, and she was discharged with the following medical treatment: denosumab monthly, and cinacalcet at a titrated dose of 90 mg per day. The patient is followed as an outpatient and 11 months later, her calcium level remained within the normal range. Learning points Hypercalcemia of malignancy is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients.Breast cancer has the highest prevalence of hypercalcemia.The cornerstone of therapy remains the intense hydration and intravenous bisphosphonates (preferably zoledronic acid).In case of persistent hypercalcemia of malignancy, the administration of calcimimetic cinacalcet could be an additional effective therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Asonitis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon Hospital, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Msc Metabolic Bone Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon Hospital, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Msc Metabolic Bone Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Kokkinos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon Hospital, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Giovanopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon Hospital, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Petychaki
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon Hospital, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon Hospital, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lagman C, Chung LK, Macyszyn L, Choy W, Smith ZA, Dahdaleh NS, Bohnen AM, Cho JM, Colen CB, Duckworth E, Germanwala AV, Kan P, Khalessi AA, Kim CY, Lam S, Li G, Lim M, Sherman JH, Wang VY, Zada G, Yang I. Neurosurgery concepts: Key perspectives on imaging characteristics of spinal metastases, surgery for low back pain, anesthesia for disc surgery, and laminectomy versus laminectomy and fusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis. Surg Neurol Int 2017; 8:9. [PMID: 28217388 PMCID: PMC5288991 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.198736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlito Lagman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lawrance K Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Luke Macyszyn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Winward Choy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Zachary A Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Nader S Dahdaleh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Angela M Bohnen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jin M Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chaim B Colen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Grosse Pointe, MI, United States
| | - Edward Duckworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Anand V Germanwala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Illinois, United States
| | - Peter Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Alexander A Khalessi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Chae-Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sandi Lam
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Gordon Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jonathan H Sherman
- Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, United States
| | - Vincent Y Wang
- Seton Brain and Spine Institute Neurosurgery, Kyle, Texas, United States
| | - Gabriel Zada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles functionalized with alendronate-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the treatment of bone metastasis. Int J Pharm 2016; 516:352-363. [PMID: 27887884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Because of the peculiarity of the bone microstructure, the uptake of chemotherapeutics often happens at non-targeted sites, which induces side effects. In order to solve this problem, we designed a bone-targeting drug delivery system that can release drug exclusively in the nidus of the bone. Alendronate (ALN), which has a high ability to target to hydroxyapatite, was used to fabricate double ALN-conjugated poly (ethylene glycol) 2000 material (ALN-PEG2k-ALN). The ALN-PEG2k-ALN was characterized using 1H NMR and 31P NMR and FTIR. ALN-PEG2k-ALN-modified calcium phosphate nanoparticles (APA-CPNPs) with an ALN targeting moiety and hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) arms tiled on the surface was prepared for bone-targeted drug delivery. The distribution of ALN-PEG2k-ALN was tested by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Isothermal titration calorimetry data indicated that similar to free ALN, both ALN-PEG2k-ALN and APA-CPNPs can bind to calcium ions. The bone-binding ability of APA-CPNPs was verified via ex vivo imaging of bone fragments. An in vitro release experiment demonstrated that APA-CPNPs can release drug faster in an acid environment than a neutral environment. Cell viability experiments indicated that blank APA-CPNPs possessed excellent biocompatibility with normal cells. Methotrexate (MTX) loaded APA-CPNPs have the same ability to inhibit cancer cells as free drug at high concentrations, while they are slightly weaker at low concentrations. All of these experiments verified the prospective application of APA-CPNPs as a bone-targeting drug delivery system.
Collapse
|
29
|
Norozi F, Ahmadzadeh A, Shahrabi S, Vosoughi T, Saki N. Mesenchymal stem cells as a double-edged sword in suppression or progression of solid tumor cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11679-11689. [PMID: 27440203 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are able to attract mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to primary tumor site. On the other hand, MSCs secrete various factors to attract tumor cells towards BM. In this review, in addition to assessment of MSCs function at tumor sites and their impact on growth and metastasis of tumor cells, the importance of MSC in attraction of malignant cells to BM and their involvement in drug resistance of tumor cells have also been studied. Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (2000-2015) of English-language literature using the terms mesenchymal stem cells, cancer cell, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. MSCs migrate towards tumor microenvironment and are involved in both pro-tumorigenic and antitumorigenic functions. The dual function of MSCs at tumor sites is dependent upon a variety of factors, including the type and origin of MSCs, the cancer cell line under study, in vivo or in vitro conditions, the factors secreted by MSCs and interactions between MSCs, host immune cells and cancer cells. Therefore, MSCs can be regarded both as friends and enemies of cancer cells. Although the role of a number of pathways, including IL-6/STAT3 pathway, has been indicated in controlling the interaction between MSCs and tumor cells, other mechanisms by which MSCs can control the tumor cells are not clear yet. A better understanding of these mechanisms through further studies can determine the exact role of MSCs in cancer progression and identify them as important therapeutic agents or targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Norozi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of biochemistry and hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of medical sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tina Vosoughi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Feng H, Wang J, Xu J, Chen W, Zhang Y. The surgical management and treatment of metastatic lesions in the proximal femur: A mini review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3892. [PMID: 27428183 PMCID: PMC4956777 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Review current treatments of metastatic lesions in the proximal femur.We reviewed published literature related to diagnosis and surgical treatments and summarized current treatment options.Surgical management mainly consist of internal fixation, hip replacement, and percutaneous femoroplasty (PFP) which has been newly applied in clinical practice.An appropriate series of treatments is necessary for patients to avoid the occurrence of paraplegia and prolong survival time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Jianfa Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Correspondence: Yingze Zhang, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ahmadzadeh A, Norozi F, Shahrabi S, Shahjahani M, Saki N. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone marrow niche. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:321-35. [PMID: 26475718 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a specific physiological environment for hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Several signaling pathways (including Wnt/β-catenin) regulate various aspects of stem cell growth, function and death in the BM niche. In addition, the canonical Wnt pathway is crucial for directing self-renewal and differentiation as important mechanisms in many types of stem cells. We review the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the BM niche and its importance in stem cells. Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (1997-2014) of English-language literature by using the following keywords: BM niche, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, osteoblast, osteoclast and bone disease. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates the stability of the β-catenin proto-oncogene. The stabilized β-catenin then translocates to the nucleus, forming a β-catenin-TCF/LEF complex regulating the transcription of specific target genes. Stem cells require β-catenin to mediate their response to Wnt signaling for maintenance and transition from the pluripotent state during embryogenesis. In adult stem cells, Wnt signaling functions at various hierarchical levels to contribute to the specification of the diverse tissues. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its downstream transcriptional regulators are observed in several malignant stem cells and human cancers. Because Wnt signaling can maintain stem cells and cancer cells, the ability to modulate the Wnt pathway either positively or negatively may be of therapeutic relevance. The controlled activation of Wnt signaling might allow us to enhance stem and progenitor cell activity when regeneration is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Norozi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Bone metastases develop in most patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). They affect the structural integrity of bone, manifesting as pain and skeletal-related events (SREs), and are the primary cause of patient disability, reduced quality of life (QOL) and death. Understanding the pathophysiology of bone metastases resulted in the development of agents that improve clinical outcome, suggesting that managing both the systemic disease and associated bone events is important. Historically, the treatment of CRPC bone metastases with early radiopharmaceuticals and external beam radiation therapy was largely supportive; however, now, zoledronic acid and denosumab are integral to the therapeutic strategy for mCRPC. These agents substantially reduce skeletal morbidity and improve patient QOL. Radium-223 dichloride is the first bone-targeting agent to show improved survival and reduced pain and symptomatic skeletal events in patients with mCRPC without visceral disease. Five other systemic agents are currently approved for use in mCRPC based on their ability to improve survival. These include the cytotoxic drugs docetaxel and cabazitaxel, the hormone-based therapies, abiraterone and enzalutamide, and the immunotherapeutic vaccine sipuleucel-T. Abiraterone and enzalutamide are able to reduce SREs and improve survival in this setting. Novel agents targeting tumour and bone cells are under clinical development.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mori G, D'Amelio P, Faccio R, Brunetti G. Bone-immune cell crosstalk: bone diseases. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:108451. [PMID: 26000310 PMCID: PMC4427089 DOI: 10.1155/2015/108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases are associated with great morbidity; thus, the understanding of the mechanisms leading to their development represents a great challenge to improve bone health. Recent reports suggest that a large number of molecules produced by immune cells affect bone cell activity. However, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. This review aims to shed new lights into the mechanisms of bone diseases involving immune cells. In particular, we focused our attention on the major pathogenic mechanism underlying periodontal disease, psoriatic arthritis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, metastatic solid tumors, and multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Amelio
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Gerontology and Bone Metabolism Diseases, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yeku O, Slovin SF. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of radium-223 in prostate cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:843-9. [PMID: 25740232 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1021332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer metastatic to bone is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Bone pain and other skeletal events negatively impact the quality of life in patients who might otherwise be functioning well. As such, there has been intense interest in the development of strategies and pharmaceuticals to address this problem. AREAS COVERED The authors reviewed the current literature for articles relevant to metastatic prostate cancer, clinical radiopharmaceuticals, castrate-resistant prostate cancer and development of Radium-223 . The authors have referenced primary literature, clinical trials and relevant review articles that summarize the history, development and current utilization of radiopharmaceuticals for management of bone metastases from prostate cancer. EXPERT OPINION Radium-223 is the first radiopharmaceutical with an overall survival benefit approved for the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, symptomatic bone metastasis and no known visceral metastatic disease. The additional benefit of clinically significant improved overall survival should lead to exploration of whether this agent can be used earlier in the treatment algorithm or combined with chemotherapy or androgen deprivation therapy. An individualized approach needs to be tailored to each patient based on their overall symptoms, disease burden, hematologic profile and goals of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Yeku
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Genitourinary Oncology Service , 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 , USA +1 646 422 4470 ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Probenecid as a sensitizer of bisphosphonate-mediated effects in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:265. [PMID: 25496233 PMCID: PMC4295226 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-resorptive bisphosphonates (BP) are used for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone metastases. Clinical studies indicated a benefit in survival and tumor relapse in subpopulations of breast cancer patients receiving zoledronic acid, thus stimulating the debate about its anti-tumor activity. Amino-bisphosphonates in nM concentrations inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase leading to accumulation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and the ATP/pyrophosphate adduct ApppI, which induces apoptosis in osteoclasts. For anti-tumor effects μM concentrations are needed and a sensitizer for bisphosphonate effects would be beneficial in clinical anti-tumor applications. We hypothesized that enhancing intracellular pyrophosphate accumulation via inhibition of probenecid-sensitive channels and transporters would sensitize tumor cells for bisphosphonates anti-tumor efficacy. Method MDA-MB-231, T47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with BP (zoledronic acid, risedronate, ibandronate, alendronate) and the pyrophosphate channel inhibitors probenecid and novobiocin. We determined cell viability and caspase 3/7 activity (apoptosis), accumulation of IPP and ApppI, expression of ANKH, PANX1, ABCC1, SLC22A11, and the zoledronic acid target gene and tumor-suppressor KLF2. Results Treatment of MDA-MB-231 with BP induced caspase 3/7 activity, with zoledronic acid being the most effective. In MCF-7 and T47D either BP markedly suppressed cell viability with only minor effects on apoptosis. Co-treatment with probenecid enhanced BP effects on cell viability, IPP/ApppI accumulation as measurable in MCF-7 and T47D cells, caspase 3/7 activity and target gene expression. Novobiocin co-treatment of MDA-MB-231 yielded identical results on viability and apoptosis compared to probenecid, rendering SLC22A family members as candidate modulators of BP effects, whereas no such evidence was found for ANKH, ABCC1 and PANX1. Conclusions In summary, we demonstrate effects of various bisphosphonates on caspase 3/7 activity, cell viability and expression of tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer cells. Blocking probenecid and novobiocin-sensitive channels and transporters enhances BP anti-tumor effects and renders SLC22A family members as good candidates as BP modulators. Further studies will have to unravel if treatment with such BP-sensitizers translates into preclinical and clinical efficacy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-265) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
36
|
Capietto AH, Faccio R. Immune regulation of bone metastasis. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:600. [PMID: 25512853 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastases to bone occur in about 70% of patients with metastatic prostate and breast cancers. Unfortunately, bone metastases result in significant morbidity and mortality and treatment options are limited. Thus, significant effort has focused on understanding the mechanisms that drive tumor dissemination to bone. Bone metastases are typically characterized by a self-perpetuating 'vicious' cycle wherein tumor cells and bone-resorbing cells (osteoclasts) are locked in a cycle that leads to osteoclast-driven bone destruction and the release of bone-stored factors that in turn stimulate tumor cell proliferation and survival. To break this 'vicious' cycle, potent antiresorptive agents such as zoledronic acid (ZOL) have been used. However, in the clinical setting, ZOL failed to improve the overall survival of cancer patients even though it inhibited osteoclast resorptive activity. Thus, other cells in addition to osteoclasts are likely involved in modulating tumor growth in the bone. The immune system has the ability to eliminate tumor cells. Nevertheless, tumor cells can acquire the ability to escape immune control. Our recent observations indicated that a decline in the ability of the immune cells to recognize and kill the tumor drives tumor dissemination to bone even when osteoclasts are inhibited by potent antiresorptive agents. This review focuses on the antitumor and protumor effects of various immune cell populations involved in the bone metastatic process. We also discuss strategies to enhance antitumor immune responses and bypass cancer immune resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude-Hélène Capietto
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hauber AB, Arellano J, Qian Y, González JM, Posner JD, Mohamed AF, Gatta F, Tombal B, Body JJ. Patient preferences for treatments to delay bone metastases. Prostate 2014; 74:1488-97. [PMID: 25132622 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) develop bone metastases (BM) and present with bone complications like fracture. Bone-targeted agents that prevent metastasis-induced bone complications can cause adverse events. Understanding how patients view treatment options may optimize care. This study aimed to quantify how PCa patients value a hypothetical treatment that delays BM but can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). The study also assessed the value patients place on avoiding metastasis-induced bone complications versus increased survival. METHODS PCa patients from the United Kingdom (n = 201) and Sweden (n = 200) on androgen-deprivation therapy or hormone therapy for ≥ 3 years completed a 10-question discrete-choice-experiment survey examining whether patients would accept a BM-delaying treatment. Two time-tradeoff questions assessed patients' willingness to tradeoff between survival and bone complications. Percentages of patients choosing treatment were summarized by levels of treatment efficacy and ONJ risk. Odds ratios from a logit model were used to evaluate how patient and medication characteristics affected treatment choice. Proportions of patients choosing each tradeoff scenario were calculated. RESULTS A majority of patients accepted treatment at the lowest benefit level (5-month BM delay) and highest risk level (9% ONJ risk). PCa symptoms and prior treatment affected patient preferences. Nearly 80% of patients would tradeoff at least 3 months of survival to avoid bone complications. CONCLUSIONS PCa patients in the U.K and Sweden may value a medication that delays BM, despite the risk of ONJ. Furthermore, patients were willing to tradeoff up to 5 months of survival for prevention of bone complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Brett Hauber
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fang J, Xu Q. Differences of osteoblastic bone metastases and osteolytic bone metastases in clinical features and molecular characteristics. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 17:173-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
39
|
Colony-stimulating factor 1 potentiates lung cancer bone metastasis. J Transl Med 2014; 94:371-81. [PMID: 24468794 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is essential for osteoclastogenesis that mediates osteolysis in metastatic tumors. Patients with lung cancer have increased CSF1 in serum and high levels are associated with poor survival. Adenocarcinomas metastasize rapidly and many patients suffer from bone metastasis. Lung cancer stem-like cells sustain tumor growth and potentiate metastasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of CSF1 in lung cancer bone metastasis and whether inhibition of CSF1 ameliorates the disease. Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were examined in vitro for CSF1/CSF1R. A549-luc cells were injected intracardiac in NOD/SCID mice and metastasis was assessed. To determine the effect of CSF1 knockdown (KD) in A549 cells on bone metastasis, cells were stably transfected with a retroviral vector containing short-hairpin CSF1 (KD) or empty vector (CT). Results showed that A549 cells express CSF1/CSF1R; CSF1 increased their proliferation and invasion, whereas soluble CSF1R inhibited invasion. Mice injected with A549-luc cells showed osteolytic bone lesions 3.5 weeks after injection and lesions increased over 5 weeks. Tumors recapitulated adenocarcinoma morphology and showed osteoclasts along the tumor/bone interface, trabecular, and cortical bone loss. Analyses of KD cells showed decreased CSF1 protein levels, reduced colony formation in soft agar assay, and decreased fraction of stem-like cells. In CSF1KD mice, the incidence of tumor metastasis was similar to controls, although fewer CSF1KD mice had metastasis in both hind limbs. KD tumors showed reduced CSF1 expression, Ki-67+ cells, and osteoclasts. Importantly, there was a low incidence of large tumors >0.1 mm(2) in CSF1KD mice compared with control mice (10% vs 62.5%). This study established a lung osteolytic bone metastasis model that resembles human disease and suggests that CSF1 is a key determinant of cancer stem cell survival and tumor growth. Results may lead to novel strategies to inhibit CSF1 in lung cancer and improve management of bone metastasis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Novel bone-targeting agents in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014; 17:112-8. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
41
|
Rubini G, Nicoletti A, Rubini D, Asabella AN. Radiometabolic Treatment of Bone-Metastasizing Cancer: From 186Rhenium to 223Radium. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014; 29:1-11. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2013.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rubini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Adriano Nicoletti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Rubini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Treatment and Prevention of Bone Metastases from Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence for Clinical Practice. J Clin Med 2014; 3:1-24. [PMID: 26237249 PMCID: PMC4449670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the most common site of metastasis from breast cancer. Bone metastases from breast cancer are associated with skeletal-related events (SREs) including pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, surgery and radiotherapy to bone, as well as bone pain and hypercalcemia, leading to impaired mobility and reduced quality of life. Greater understanding of the pathophysiology of bone metastases has led to the discovery and clinical utility of bone-targeted agents such as bisphosphonates and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANK-L) antibody, denosumab. Both are now a routine part of the treatment of breast cancer bone metastases to reduce SREs. With regards to prevention, there is no evidence that oral bisphosphonates can prevent bone metastases in advanced breast cancer without skeletal involvement. Several phase III clinical trials have evaluated bisphosphonates as adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer to prevent bone metastases. The current published data do not support the routine use of bisphosphonates in unselected patients with early breast cancer for metastasis prevention. However, significant benefit of adjuvant bisphosphonates has been consistently observed in the postmenopausal or ovarian suppression subgroup across multiple clinical trials, which raises the hypothesis that its greatest anti-tumor effect is in a low estrogen microenvironment. An individual patient data meta-analysis will be required to confirm survival benefit in this setting. This review summarizes the key evidence for current clinical practice and future directions.
Collapse
|
43
|
Horseman ND, Hernandez LL. New concepts of breast cell communication to bone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:34-41. [PMID: 24055165 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactation is the most extreme case of normal physiological bone loss during a lifetime, and breast cancers have a strong tendency to metastasize to bone. In both the physiological and pathological circumstances, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) plays a central role. Until recently there were no regulatory mechanisms to explain the induction of endocrine PTHrP secretion from breast cells during lactation. The mammary epithelium possesses a local serotonin signaling system which drives PTHrP expression during lactation and in breast cancer cells. The mammary gland serotonin system is highly induced in response to alveolar dilation due to milk secretion. Discovery of serotonergic control of PTHrP suggests that it may be possible to manipulate the breast-to-bone axis by targeting serotonin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson D Horseman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Program in Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0576, USA.
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Alexandrino EM, Ritz S, Marsico F, Baier G, Mailänder V, Landfester K, Wurm FR. Paclitaxel-loaded polyphosphate nanoparticles: a potential strategy for bone cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1298-1306. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21295e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
46
|
Faccio R, Capietto AH, Stewart SA, Novack DV. Cellular Players in Breast Cancer Bone Metastases. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-013-9146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
47
|
Wang DC, Wang HF, Yuan ZN. Runx2 induces bone osteolysis by transcriptional suppression of TSSC1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:635-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
48
|
Pathobiology and management of prostate cancer-induced bone pain: recent insights and future treatments. Inflammopharmacology 2013; 21:339-63. [PMID: 23918298 PMCID: PMC3779011 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-013-0183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a high propensity for metastasis to bone. Despite the availability of multiple treatment options for relief of PCa-induced bone pain (PCIBP), satisfactory relief of intractable pain in patients with advanced bony metastases is challenging for the clinicians because currently available analgesic drugs are often limited by poor efficacy and/or dose-limiting side effects. Rodent models developed in the past decade show that the pathobiology of PCIBP comprises elements of inflammatory, neuropathic and ischemic pain arising from ectopic sprouting and sensitization of sensory nerve fibres within PCa-invaded bones. In addition, at the cellular level, PCIBP is underpinned by dynamic cross talk between metastatic PCa cells, cellular components of the bone matrix, factors associated with the bone microenvironment as well as peripheral components of the somatosensory system. These insights are aligned with the clinical management of PCIBP involving use of a multimodal treatment approach comprising analgesic agents (opioids, NSAIDs), radiotherapy, radioisotopes, cancer chemotherapy agents and bisphosphonates. However, a major drawback of most rodent models of PCIBP is their short-term applicability due to ethical concerns. Thus, it has been difficult to gain insight into the mal(adaptive) neuroplastic changes occurring at multiple levels of the somatosensory system that likely contribute to intractable pain at the advanced stages of metastatic disease. Specifically, the functional responsiveness of noxious circuitry as well as the neurochemical signature of a broad array of pro-hyperalgesic mediators in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of rodent models of PCIBP is relatively poorly characterized. Hence, recent work from our laboratory to develop a protocol for an optimized rat model of PCIBP will enable these knowledge gaps to be addressed as well as identification of novel targets for drug discovery programs aimed at producing new analgesics for the improved relief of intractable PCIBP.
Collapse
|
49
|
Radiographic characteristics of bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2012; 16:424-31. [PMID: 23788922 PMCID: PMC3687457 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2012.31773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Different carcinomas have different characteristics, which may play a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment. Our study was aimed at understanding the development pattern of bone metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma, based on its imaging characteristics, so as to provide a more targeted treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty two patients (123 lesions) with hepatocellular carcinoma hospitalized from June 2006 to June 2011 underwent radiotherapy for bone metastasis in our department. Clinical and imaging data were analyzed retrospectively (based on CT imaging, also with reference to MRI, ECT, or PET-CT, etc.). RESULTS One hundred of 123 lesions were vertebral metastases; 23 were non-vertebral. The major form of bone destruction was osteolytic change. Metastasis in the vertebral body was found in 87.8%, and lesions were well distributed in various sections. Vertebral appendix metastasis accounted for 52%, where lesions could be independent of vertebral body metastasis. Formation of a soft tissue mass in bone metastasis was found in 68.6% of all patients. The center of the mass from a vertebral body metastasis was mostly located at the site of the lesion; masses from the vertebral appendix and the pelvis, on the other hand, often presented as a "peripheral mass". Masses were not formed in lesions with pure osteoblastic changes. CONCLUSIONS The most common radiographic feature is an osteolytic lesion, either replaced by soft tissue mass, or invaded by soft tissue mass from the vicinity, which often cause compression syndrome. Vertebral appendix metastasis can exist independently from vertebral body metastasis, which should be paid more attention to avoid missed diagnosis.
Collapse
|
50
|
Sorafenib inhibits in vitro osteoclastogenesis by down-modulating Mcl-1. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:780-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|