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Alemán OR, Rosales C. Human neutrophil Fc gamma receptors: different buttons for different responses. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:571-584. [PMID: 37437115 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are fundamental cells in host defense. These leukocytes are quickly recruited from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. At these sites, neutrophils initiate several innate immune responses, including phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, degranulation to release proteases and other antimicrobial compounds, production of inflammatory mediators, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. In addition to their role in innate immunity, neutrophils are now recognized as cells that also regulate adaptive immunity, via interaction with dendritic cells and lymphocytes. Neutrophils also respond to adaptive immunity by interacting with antibody molecules. Indeed, antibody molecules allow neutrophils to have antigen-specific responses. Neutrophils express different receptors for antibodies. The receptors for immunoglobulin G molecules are known as Fcγ receptors. Upon Fcγ receptor aggregation on the cell membrane, these receptors trigger distinct signal transduction cascades that activate particular cellular responses. In this review, we describe the major Fcγ receptors expressed on human neutrophils and discuss how each Fcγ receptor activates a choice of signaling pathways to stimulate particular neutrophil responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rafael Alemán
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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2
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Cretin J, Adjemout M, Dieppois C, Gallardo F, Torres M, Merard Z, Sawadogo SA, Picard C, Rihet P, Paul P. A Non-Coding Fc Gamma Receptor Cis-Regulatory Variant within the 1q23 Gene Cluster Is Associated with Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Children Residing in Burkina Faso. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15711. [PMID: 37958695 PMCID: PMC10650193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in activating protective immunity against malaria by interacting with Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs). Genetic variations in genes encoding FcγRs can affect immune cell responses to the parasite. In this study, our aim was to investigate whether non-coding variants that regulate FcγR expression could influence the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Through bioinformatics approaches, we selected expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR2C, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B genes encoding FcγRs (FCGR), in whole blood. We prioritized two regulatory variants, rs2099684 and rs1771575, located in open genomic regions. These variants were identified using RegVar, ImmuNexUT, and transcription factor annotations specific to immune cells. In addition to these, we genotyped the coding variants FCGR2A/rs1801274 and FCGR2B/rs1050501 in 234 individuals from a malaria-endemic area in Burkina Faso. We conducted age and family-based analyses to evaluate associations with the prevalence of malarial infection in both children and adults. The analysis revealed that the regulatory rs1771575-CC genotype was predicted to influence FCGR2B/FCGR2C/FCGR3A transcripts in immune cells and was the sole variant associated with a higher prevalence of malarial infection in children. In conclusion, this study identifies the rs1771575 cis-regulatory variant affecting several FcγRs in myeloid and neutrophil cells and associates it with the inter-individual capacity of children living in Burkina Faso to control malarial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Cretin
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
- Institut MarMaRa, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Adjemout
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
- Institut MarMaRa, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Dieppois
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Frederic Gallardo
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Magali Torres
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Zachary Merard
- ADES UMR, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (C.P.)
| | - Serge Aimé Sawadogo
- Unité de Formation en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso;
- Centre PrïmO-Nelson Mandela, 84 rue Sao Tomé et Principe, Ouagadougou 09 BP 706, Burkina Faso
| | - Christophe Picard
- ADES UMR, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (C.P.)
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse, 13001 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Rihet
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Pascale Paul
- INSERM 1090, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Campus de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France (M.A.); (C.D.); (F.G.); (M.T.)
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3
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Sîrbe C, Badii M, Crişan TO, Bența G, Grama A, Joosten LAB, Rednic S, Pop TL. Detection of Novel Biomarkers in Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis by Proteomic Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087479. [PMID: 37108648 PMCID: PMC10141667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by immune-mediated hepatocyte injury resulting in the destruction of liver cells, causing inflammation, liver failure, and fibrosis. Pediatric (AIH) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that usually requires immunosuppression for an extended period. Frequent relapses after treatment discontinuation demonstrate that current therapies do not control intrahepatic immune processes. This study describes targeted proteomic profiling data in patients with AIH and controls. A total of 92 inflammatory and 92 cardiometabolic plasma markers were assessed for (i) pediatric AIH versus controls, (ii) AIH type 1 versus type 2, (iii) AIH and AIH-autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis overlapping syndrome and (iv) correlations with circulating vitamin D levels in AIH. A total of 16 proteins showed a nominally significant differential abundance in pediatric patients with AIH compared to controls. No clustering of AIH subphenotypes based on all protein data was observed, and no significant correlation of vitamin D levels was observed for the identified proteins. The proteins that showed variable expression include CA1, CA3, GAS6, FCGR2A, 4E-BP1 and CCL19, which may serve as potential biomarkers for patients with AIH. CX3CL1, CXCL10, CCL23, CSF1 and CCL19 showed homology to one another and may be coexpressed in AIH. CXCL10 seems to be the central intermediary link for the listed proteins. These proteins were involved in relevant mechanistic pathways for liver diseases and immune processes in AIH pathogenesis. This is the first report on the proteomic profile of pediatric AIH. The identified markers could potentially lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Nevertheless, considering the complex pathogenesis of AIH, more extensive studies are warranted to replicate and validate the present study's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sîrbe
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Medeea Badii
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tania O Crişan
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Bența
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Grama
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Rednic
- Rheumatology Department, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Rheumatology Discipline, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Lucian Pop
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Zhan Y, Zhao CS, Qu X, Xiao Z, Deng C, Li Y. Identification of a novel amphioxus leucine-rich repeat receptor involved in phagocytosis reveals a role for Slit2-N-type LRR in bacterial elimination. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104689. [PMID: 37044216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal chordate amphioxus is a model for tracing the origin and evolution of vertebrate immunity. To explore the evolution of immunoreceptor signaling pathways, we searched the associated receptors of the amphioxus B. belcheri (Bb) homolog of immunoreceptor signaling adaptor protein Grb2. Mass-spectrum analysis of BbGrb2 immunoprecipitates from B. belcheri intestine lysates revealed a folate receptor (FR) domain- and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (FrLRR). Sequence and structural analysis showed that FrLRR is a membrane protein with a predicted curved solenoid structure. The N-terminal Fr domain contains very few folate-binding sites; the following LRR region is a Slit2-type LRR, and a GPI-anchored site was predicted at the C-terminus. RT-PCR analysis showed FrLRR is a transcription-mediated fusion gene of BbFR-like and BbSlit2-N-like genes. Genomic DNA structure analysis implied the B. belcheri FrLRR gene locus and the corresponding locus in B. floridae might be generated by exon shuffling of a Slit2-N-like gene into an FR gene. RT-qPCR, immunostaining and immunoblot results showed that FrLRR was primarily distributed in B. belcheri intestinal tissue. We further demonstrated that FrLRR localized to the cell membrane and lysosomes. Functionally, FrLRR mediated and promoted bacteria-binding and phagocytosis, and FrLRR antibody blocking or Grb2 knockdown inhibited FrLRR-mediated phagocytosis. Interestingly, we found that human Slit2-N (hSlit2-N) also mediated direct bacteria-binding and phagocytosis which was inhibited by Slit2-N antibody blocking or Grb2 knockdown. Together, these results indicate FrLRR and hSlit2-N may function as phagocytotic-receptors to promote phagocytosis through Grb2, implying the Slit2-N-type-LRR-containing proteins play a role in bacterial binding and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chen-Si Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xuemei Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhihui Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chong Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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5
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Richoz N, Tuong ZK, Loudon KW, Patiño-Martínez E, Ferdinand JR, Portet A, Bashant KR, Thevenon E, Rucci F, Hoyler T, Junt T, Kaplan MJ, Siegel RM, Clatworthy MR. Distinct pathogenic roles for resident and monocyte-derived macrophages in lupus nephritis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:159751. [PMID: 36345939 PMCID: PMC9675473 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus, mediated by IgG immune complex (IC) deposition in kidneys, with limited treatment options. Kidney macrophages are critical tissue sentinels that express IgG-binding Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), with previous studies identifying prenatally seeded resident macrophages as major IC responders. Using single-cell transcriptomic and spatial analyses in murine and human lupus nephritis, we sought to understand macrophage heterogeneity and subset-specific contributions in disease. In lupus nephritis, the cell fate trajectories of tissue-resident (TrMac) and monocyte-derived (MoMac) kidney macrophages were perturbed, with disease-associated transcriptional states indicating distinct pathogenic roles for TrMac and MoMac subsets. Lupus nephritis-associated MoMac subsets showed marked induction of FcγR response genes, avidly internalized circulating ICs, and presented IC-opsonized antigen. In contrast, lupus nephritis-associated TrMac subsets demonstrated limited IC uptake, but expressed monocyte chemoattractants, and their depletion attenuated monocyte recruitment to the kidney. TrMacs also produced B cell tissue niche factors, suggesting a role in supporting autoantibody-producing lymphoid aggregates. Extensive similarities were observed with human kidney macrophages, revealing cross-species transcriptional disruption in lupus nephritis. Overall, our study suggests a division of labor in the kidney macrophage response in lupus nephritis, with treatment implications - TrMacs orchestrate leukocyte recruitment while MoMacs take up and present IC antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Richoz
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zewen K. Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom.,Cellular Genetics programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin W. Loudon
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Patiño-Martínez
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Anaïs Portet
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen R. Bashant
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Francesca Rucci
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hoyler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard M. Siegel
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom.,Cellular Genetics programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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6
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Delpire B, Van Loon E, Naesens M. The Role of Fc Gamma Receptors in Antibody-Mediated Rejection of Kidney Transplants. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10465. [PMID: 35935272 PMCID: PMC9346079 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
For the past decades, complement activation and complement-mediated destruction of allograft cells were considered to play a central role in anti-HLA antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) of kidney transplants. However, also complement-independent mechanisms are relevant in the downstream immune activation induced by donor-specific antibodies, such as Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR)-mediated direct cellular activation. This article reviews the literature regarding FcγR involvement in AMR, and the potential contribution of FcγR gene polymorphisms to the risk for antibody mediated rejection of kidney transplants. There is large heterogeneity between the studies, both in the definition of the clinical phenotypes and in the technical aspects. The study populations were generally quite small, except for two larger study cohorts, which obviates drawing firm conclusions regarding the associations between AMR and specific FcγR polymorphisms. Although FcγR are central in the pathophysiology of AMR, it remains difficult to identify genetic risk factors for AMR in the recipient’s genome, independent of clinical risk factors, independent of the donor-recipient genetic mismatch, and in the presence of powerful immunosuppressive agents. There is a need for larger, multi-center studies with standardised methods and endpoints to identify potentially relevant FcγR gene polymorphisms that represent an increased risk for AMR after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Delpire
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabet Van Loon
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Naesens
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Maarten Naesens,
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Abstract
The immune system in the large intestine is separated from commensal microbes and comparatively rare enteric pathogens by a monolayer of diverse epithelial cells overlaid with a compact and adherent inner mucus layer and a looser outer mucus layer. Microorganisms, collectively referred to as the mucus-associated (MA) microbiota, physically inhabit this mucus barrier, resulting in a dynamic and incessant dialog to maintain both spatial segregation and immune tolerance. Recent major findings reveal novel features of the crosstalk between the immune system and mucus-associated bacteria in health and disease, as well as disease-related peripheral immune signatures indicative of host responses to these organisms. In this brief review, we integrate these novel observations into our overall understanding of host-microbiota mutualism at the colonic mucosal border and speculate on the significance of this emerging knowledge for our understanding of the prevention, development, and progression of chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294, USA,CONTACT Qing Zhao University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Craig L. Maynard
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294, USA,Craig L. Maynard Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
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8
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Fleming A, Castro‐Dopico T, Clatworthy MR. B cell class switching in intestinal immunity in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13139. [PMID: 34978077 PMCID: PMC9285483 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of commensal microorganisms that collectively form the microbiome and make essential contributions to organism homeostasis. The intestinal immune system must tolerate these beneficial commensals, whilst preventing pathogenic organisms from systemic spread. Humoral immunity plays a key role in this process, with large quantities of immunoglobulin (Ig)A secreted into the lumen on a daily basis, regulating the microbiome and preventing bacteria from encroaching on the epithelium. However, there is an increasing appreciation of the role of IgG antibodies in intestinal immunity, including beneficial effects in neonatal immune development, pathogen and tumour resistance, but also of pathological effects in driving chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These antibody isotypes differ in effector function, with IgG exhibiting more proinflammatory capabilities compared with IgA. Therefore, the process that leads to the generation of different antibody isotypes, class-switch recombination (CSR), requires careful regulation and is orchestrated by the immunological cues generated by the prevalent local challenge. In general, an initiating signal such as CD40 ligation on B cells leads to the induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), but a second cytokine-mediated signal determines which Ig heavy chain is expressed. Whilst the cytokines driving intestinal IgA responses are well-studied, there is less clarity on how IgG responses are generated in the intestine, and how these cues might become dysfunctional in IBD. Here, we review the key mechanisms regulating class switching to IgA vs IgG in the intestine, processes that could be therapeutically manipulated in infection and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fleming
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Tomas Castro‐Dopico
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cellular GeneticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUK
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9
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Onyishi CU, May RC. Human immune polymorphisms associated with the risk of cryptococcal disease. Immunology 2021; 165:143-157. [PMID: 34716931 PMCID: PMC9426616 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause lethal cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV/AIDS. In addition, cryptococcal infections occasionally arise in immunocompetent individuals or those with previously undiagnosed immunodeficiencies. The course of cryptococcosis is highly variable in both patient groups, and there is rapidly growing evidence that genetic polymorphisms may have a significant impact on the trajectory of disease. Here, we review what is currently known about the nature of these polymorphisms and their impact on host response to C. neoformans infection. Thus far, polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptors, mannose‐binding lectin, Dectin‐2, Toll‐like receptors and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor have been associated with susceptibility to cryptococcal disease. Notably, however, in some cases the impact of these polymorphisms depends on the genetic background of the population; for example, the FCGR3A 158 F/V polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of cryptococcal disease in both HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative white populations, but not in Han Chinese patients. In most cases, the precise mechanism by which the identified polymorphisms influence disease progression remains unclear, although impaired fungal recognition and phagocytosis by innate immune cells appears to play a major role. Finally, we highlight outstanding questions in the field and emphasize the need for future research to include more diverse populations in their genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinaemerem U Onyishi
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robin C May
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Castro-Dopico T, Clatworthy MR. Mucosal IgG in inflammatory bowel disease - a question of (sub)class? Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-9. [PMID: 31480888 PMCID: PMC7524157 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1651596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs) form a cornerstone of mucosal immunity. In the gastrointestinal tract, secretory IgA and IgM bind to commensal microorganisms within the intestinal lumen to prevent them from breaching the intestinal epithelium - a process known as immune exclusion. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the role of IgG in intestinal immunity, driven in part by a genetic association of an affinity-lowering variant of an IgG receptor, FcγRIIA, with protection from ulcerative colitis (UC), a subclass of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We recently demonstrated a role for IgG and Fcγ receptor signalling in driving pathogenic IL-1β production by colonic mononuclear phagocytes and the subsequent induction of a local type 17 response in UC. Here, we discuss the potential relevance of our observations to the other major subclass of IBD - Crohn's disease (CD) - where the genetic association with FCGR variants is less robust and consider how this may impact therapeutic interventions in these disease subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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11
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Byun JE, Lee KY. Effectiveness of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Pediatric Viral Encephalitis. ANNALS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.26815/acn.2020.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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12
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Abstract
IgG antibodies cause inflammation and organ damage in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the metabolic profile of macrophages isolated from inflamed tissues in immune complex (IC)-associated diseases, including SLE and rheumatoid arthritis, and following IgG Fcγ receptor cross-linking. We found that human and mouse macrophages undergo a switch to glycolysis in response to IgG IC stimulation, mirroring macrophage metabolic changes in inflamed tissue in vivo. This metabolic reprogramming was required to generate a number of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, and was dependent on mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α. Inhibition of glycolysis, or genetic depletion of HIF1α, attenuated IgG IC-induced activation of macrophages in vitro, including primary human kidney macrophages. In vivo, glycolysis inhibition led to a reduction in kidney macrophage IL-1β and reduced neutrophil recruitment in a murine model of antibody-mediated nephritis. Together, our data reveal the molecular mechanisms underpinning FcγR-mediated metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and suggest a therapeutic strategy for autoantibody-induced inflammation, including lupus nephritis.
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13
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Uribe-Querol E, Rosales C. Phagocytosis: Our Current Understanding of a Universal Biological Process. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1066. [PMID: 32582172 PMCID: PMC7280488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger than 0.5 μm in diameter, including microorganisms, foreign substances, and apoptotic cells. Phagocytosis is found in many types of cells and it is, in consequence an essential process for tissue homeostasis. However, only specialized cells termed professional phagocytes accomplish phagocytosis with high efficiency. Macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts are among these dedicated cells. These professional phagocytes express several phagocytic receptors that activate signaling pathways resulting in phagocytosis. The process of phagocytosis involves several phases: i) detection of the particle to be ingested, ii) activation of the internalization process, iii) formation of a specialized vacuole called phagosome, and iv) maturation of the phagosome to transform it into a phagolysosome. In this review, we present a general view of our current understanding on cells, phagocytic receptors and phases involved in phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Castro-Dopico T, Dennison TW, Ferdinand JR, Mathews RJ, Fleming A, Clift D, Stewart BJ, Jing C, Strongili K, Labzin LI, Monk EJM, Saeb-Parsy K, Bryant CE, Clare S, Parkes M, Clatworthy MR. Anti-commensal IgG Drives Intestinal Inflammation and Type 17 Immunity in Ulcerative Colitis. Immunity 2019; 50:1099-1114.e10. [PMID: 30876876 PMCID: PMC6477154 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, relapsing condition with two subtypes, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in UC implicate a FCGR2A variant that alters the binding affinity of the antibody receptor it encodes, FcγRIIA, for immunoglobulin G (IgG). Here, we aimed to understand the mechanisms whereby changes in FcγRIIA affinity would affect inflammation in an IgA-dominated organ. We found a profound induction of anti-commensal IgG and a concomitant increase in activating FcγR signaling in the colonic mucosa of UC patients. Commensal-IgG immune complexes engaged gut-resident FcγR-expressing macrophages, inducing NLRP3- and reactive-oxygen-species-dependent production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and neutrophil-recruiting chemokines. These responses were modulated by the FCGR2A genotype. In vivo manipulation of macrophage FcγR signal strength in a mouse model of UC determined the magnitude of intestinal inflammation and IL-1β-dependent type 17 immunity. The identification of an important contribution of IgG-FcγR-dependent inflammation to UC has therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Thomas W Dennison
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - John R Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Rebeccah J Mathews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Aaron Fleming
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Dean Clift
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Chenzhi Jing
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Konstantina Strongili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Larisa I Labzin
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Edward J M Monk
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Miles Parkes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinton CB10 1SA, UK.
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15
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Anania JC, Chenoweth AM, Wines BD, Hogarth PM. The Human FcγRII (CD32) Family of Leukocyte FcR in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:464. [PMID: 30941127 PMCID: PMC6433993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FcγRs have been the focus of extensive research due to their key role linking innate and humoral immunity and their implication in both inflammatory and infectious disease. Within the human FcγR family FcγRII (activatory FcγRIIa and FcγRIIc, and inhibitory FcγRIIb) are unique in their ability to signal independent of the common γ chain. Through improved understanding of the structure of these receptors and how this affects their function we may be able to better understand how to target FcγR specific immune activation or inhibition, which will facilitate in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in patients where FcγRII activity may be desirable for efficacy. This review is focused on roles of the human FcγRII family members and their link to immunoregulation in healthy individuals and infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Anania
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia M Chenoweth
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Brückner C, Lehmann C, Dudziak D, Nimmerjahn F. Sweet SIGNs: IgG glycosylation leads the way in IVIG-mediated resolution of inflammation. Int Immunol 2019; 29:499-509. [PMID: 29300958 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is that there is an impaired resolution of inflammation and return to the steady state. The infusion of high doses of pooled serum IgG preparations from thousands of donors [intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy] has been shown to induce resolution of inflammation in a variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, suggesting that IgG molecules can instruct the immune system to stop inflammatory processes and initiate the return to the steady state. The aim of this review is to discuss how insights into the mechanism of IVIG activity may help to understand the molecular and cellular pathways underlying resolution of inflammation. We will put a special emphasis on pathways dependent on the IgG FC domain and IgG sialylation, as several recent studies have provided new insights into how this glycosylation-dependent pathway modulates innate and adaptive immune responses through different sets of C-type or I-type lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Brückner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Scott KM, Kouli A, Yeoh SL, Clatworthy MR, Williams-Gray CH. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Alpha Synuclein Auto-Antibodies in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:815. [PMID: 30333787 PMCID: PMC6176114 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune dysfunction has been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and its progression. Antibodies play an important role in both innate and adaptive responses, acting as powerful effector molecules that can propagate inflammation by activating innate immune cells. Alpha synuclein binding antibodies have been described in PD patients with conflicting associations. In this article, we consider the potential mechanistic basis of alpha synuclein auto-antibody development and function in PD. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of antibody studies in PD cohorts showing that there is weak evidence for an increase in alpha synuclein auto-antibodies in PD patients particularly in early disease. The confidence with which this conclusion can be drawn is limited by the heterogeneity of the clinical cohorts used, inclusion of unmatched controls, inadequate power and assay related variability. We have therefore made some recommendations for the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Scott
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonina Kouli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Su L. Yeoh
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H. Williams-Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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18
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Rodrigues-Alves ML, Melo-Júnior OAO, Coelho-Dos-Reis JG, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Alves-Costa H, Reis CA, Dutra WO, Silva RE, Senna MCR, Faria AC, Medeiros NI, Gomes JAS, Silveira-Lemos D, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Costa-Silva MF, Giunchetti RC, Peruhype-Magalhães V. Fcγ-RI, Fcγ-RII and IL-10 as predictive biomarkers for post-therapeutic cicatrization time in monocytes from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12565. [PMID: 29908029 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) treatment is based on therapy with Glucantime® , yet, there are few laboratory methods to monitor its success. In this study, ex vivo and in vitro evaluations of peripheral blood monocytes were performed in a longitudinal study to characterize the impact of Glucantime® on overall phenotypic/functional features of these cells from CL patients to identify predictive biomarkers for post-therapeutic monitoring by flow cytometry. The ex vivo evaluation from CL patients demonstrated a modulatory profile before treatment, with a decrease in TLR-2, FcγRII, HLA-DR, CD86, IFN-γR, TNF, IL-12, NO, and an increase in FcγRIII and IL-10R. Conversely, treatment changes some of these biomarker expressions by decreasing FcγRIII and IL-10R and increasing IFN-γR, IL-12 and NO. Moreover, an in vitro analysis of these patients showed a reduced phagocytic capacity of Leishmania braziliensis and higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-β modulating functional profile. Regardless of the compromised L. braziliensis phagocytic capacity, treatment re-established the production of IL-12, IL-10, TGF-β and NO at the basal level. Notably, monocytes from patients with early cicatrization showed enhanced FcγRI and FcγRII expressions and reduced IL-10, which was further corroborated by a baseline fold change analysis. Finally, the logistic regression model emphasized the performance of FcγRI, FcγRII and IL-10 as robust predictive biomarkers for post-therapeutic cicatrization during cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Rodrigues-Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - O A O Melo-Júnior
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J G Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M A Pascoal-Xavier
- Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Anatomia Patológica e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - H Alves-Costa
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - C A Reis
- Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - W O Dutra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - R E Silva
- Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M C R Senna
- Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A C Faria
- Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - N I Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J A S Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - D Silveira-Lemos
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - O A Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M F Costa-Silva
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - R C Giunchetti
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - V Peruhype-Magalhães
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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19
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Liu XG, Liu Y, Chen F. Soluble fibrinogen like protein 2 (sFGL2), the novel effector molecule for immunoregulation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3711-3723. [PMID: 27732962 PMCID: PMC5356913 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2) is the soluble form of fibrinogen-like protein 2 belonging to the fibrinogen-related protein superfamily. It is now well characterized that sFGL2 is mainly secreted by regulatory T cell (Treg) populations, and exerts potently immunosuppressive activities. By repressing not only the differentiation and proliferation of T cells but also the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), sFGL2 acts largely as an immunosuppressant. Moreover, sFGL2 also induces apoptosis of B cells, tubular epithelial cells (TECs), sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), and hepatocytes. This mini-review focuses primarily on the recent literature with respect to the signaling mechanism of sFGL2 in immunomodulation, and discusses the clinical implications of sFGL2 in transplantation, hepatitis, autoimmunity, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.,Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
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20
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Lehmann CHK, Baranska A, Heidkamp GF, Heger L, Neubert K, Lühr JJ, Hoffmann A, Reimer KC, Brückner C, Beck S, Seeling M, Kießling M, Soulat D, Krug AB, Ravetch JV, Leusen JHW, Nimmerjahn F, Dudziak D. DC subset-specific induction of T cell responses upon antigen uptake via Fcγ receptors in vivo. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1509-1528. [PMID: 28389502 PMCID: PMC5413326 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lehmann et al. targeted antigens to Fcγ receptors expressed on various antigen-presenting cells. Induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were solely dependent on CD11b+ and CD8+ DC subsets, respectively, but independent of receptor intrinsic ITAM or ITIM signaling domains. Dendritic cells (DCs) are efficient antigen-presenting cells equipped with various cell surface receptors for the direct or indirect recognition of pathogenic microorganisms. Interestingly, not much is known about the specific expression pattern and function of the individual activating and inhibitory Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on splenic DC subsets in vivo and how they contribute to the initiation of T cell responses. By targeting antigens to select activating and the inhibitory FcγR in vivo, we show that antigen uptake under steady-state conditions results in a short-term expansion of antigen-specific T cells, whereas under inflammatory conditions especially, the activating FcγRIV is able to induce superior CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Of note, this effect was independent of FcγR intrinsic activating signaling pathways. Moreover, despite the expression of FcγRIV on both conventional splenic DC subsets, the induction of CD8+ T cell responses was largely dependent on CD11c+CD8+ DCs, whereas CD11c+CD8− DCs were critical for priming CD4+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13288 Marseille-Luminy, France
| | - Gordon F Heidkamp
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Neubert
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer J Lühr
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina C Reimer
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christin Brückner
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Beck
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michaela Seeling
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melissa Kießling
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Didier Soulat
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne B Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jeffrey V Ravetch
- Leonard Wagner Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany .,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany .,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Rosales C. Fcγ Receptor Heterogeneity in Leukocyte Functional Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:280. [PMID: 28373871 PMCID: PMC5357773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies participate in defense of the organism from all types of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. IgG antibodies recognize their associated antigen via their two Fab portions and are in turn recognized though their Fc portion by specific Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on the membrane of immune cells. Multiple types and polymorphic variants of FcγR exist. These receptors are expressed in many cells types and are also redundant in inducing cell responses. Crosslinking of FcγR on the surface of leukocytes activates several effector functions aimed toward the destruction of pathogens and the induction of an inflammatory response. In the past few years, new evidence on how the particular IgG subclass and the glycosylation pattern of the antibody modulate the IgG-FcγR interaction has been presented. Despite these advances, our knowledge of what particular effector function is activated in a certain cell and in response to a specific type of FcγR remains very limited today. On one hand, each immune cell could be programmed to perform a particular cell function after FcγR crosslinking. On the other, each FcγR could activate a particular signaling pathway leading to a unique cell response. In this review, I describe the main types of FcγRs and our current view of how particular FcγRs activate various signaling pathways to promote unique leukocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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22
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Abstract
In the current era, one of the major factors limiting graft survival is chronic antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), whilst patient survival is impacted by the effects of immunosuppression on susceptibility to infection, malignancy and atherosclerosis. IgG antibodies play a role in all of these processes, and many of their cellular effects are mediated by Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs). These surface receptors are expressed by most immune cells, including B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. Genetic variation in FCGR genes is likely to affect susceptibility to ABMR and to modulate the physiological functions of IgG. In this review, we discuss the potential role played by FcγRs in determining outcomes in solid organ transplantation, and how genetic polymorphisms in these receptors may contribute to variations in transplant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH UK
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH UK
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Effects of B Cell Depletion on Early Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1301-1311. [PMID: 26883591 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00083-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies in mice have shown that components of B cell and humoral immunity can modulate the immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the roles of these components in human and nonhuman primate infections are unknown. The cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) model of M. tuberculosis infection closely mirrors the infection outcomes and pathology in human tuberculosis (TB). The present study used rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, to deplete B cells in M. tuberculosis-infected macaques to examine the contribution of B cells and humoral immunity to the control of TB in nonhuman primates during the acute phase of infection. While there was no difference in the overall pathology, disease profession, and clinical outcome between the rituximab-treated and untreated macaques in acute infection, analyzing individual granulomas revealed that B cell depletion resulted in altered local T cell and cytokine responses, increased bacterial burden, and lower levels of inflammation. There were elevated frequencies of T cells producing interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and IL-17 and decreased IL-6 and IL-10 levels within granulomas from B cell-depleted animals. The effects of B cell depletion varied among granulomas in an individual animal, as well as among animals, underscoring the previously reported heterogeneity of local immunologic characteristics of tuberculous granulomas in nonhuman primates. Taken together, our data clearly showed that B cells can modulate the local granulomatous response in M. tuberculosis-infected macaques during acute infection. The impact of these alterations on disease progression and outcome in the chronic phase remains to be determined.
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Ligation of porcine Fc gamma receptor III inhibits levels of antiviral cytokine in response to PRRSV infection in vitro. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hristodorov D, Mladenov R, Brehm H, Fischer R, Barth S, Thepen T. Recombinant H22(scFv) blocks CD64 and prevents the capture of anti-TNF monoclonal antibody. A potential strategy to enhance anti-TNF therapy. MAbs 2015; 6:1283-9. [PMID: 25517313 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.32182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in many inflammatory diseases. Soluble TNF can be neutralized by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and this is a widely-used therapeutic approach. However, some patients do not respond to anti-TNF therapy due to the increased expression of CD64 on monocytes and macrophages. A recent study has shown that CD64 captures anti-TNF mAbs via their Fcγ domain, which induces the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. Specific blocking of CD64 could therefore be a promising strategy to improve the response to anti-TNF therapy. We used the CD64-specific antibody fragment H22(scFv) and tested its activity against the human CD64(+) cell line HL-60. When stimulated with interferon gamma (IFN-γ), these cells represent a pro-inflammatory phenotype of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We found that H22(scFv) binds selectively to and blocks CD64, preventing the capture of anti-TNF mAb. Importantly, H22(scFv) itself does not induce CD64 activation. We also found that transmembrane TNF on HL-60 cells stimulated with IFN-γ also contributes to the capture of anti-TNF mAb, although via their Fab domain. In conclusion, the specific blocking of CD64 by H22(scFv) could be used a possible anti-inflammatory mechanism for potentiating the effect of anti-TNF antibodies.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- CD64
- CDC, complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- Fcγ, fragment crystallizable gamma
- H22
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TNF
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- aglycoIgG1, aglycosylated IgG1
- chronic inflammation
- immunotherapy
- mAb(s), monoclonal antibodie(s)
- mTNF, transmembrane tumor necrosis factor
- monoclonal antibodies
- scFv, single chain fragment variable
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Hristodorov
- a Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy; Institute of Applied Medical Engineering ; University Hospital RWTH Aachen ; Aachen , Germany
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Haridan US, Mokhtar U, Machado LR, Abdul Aziz AT, Shueb RH, Zaid M, Sim B, Mustafa M, Nik Yusof NK, Lee CKC, Abu Bakar S, AbuBakar S, Hollox EJ, Boon Peng H. A comparison of assays for accurate copy number measurement of the low-affinity Fc gamma receptor genes FCGR3A and FCGR3B. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116791. [PMID: 25594501 PMCID: PMC4297192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The FCGR3 locus encoding the low affinity activating receptor FcγRIII, plays a vital role in immunity triggered by cellular effector and regulatory functions. Copy number of the genes FCGR3A and FCGR3B has previously been reported to affect susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions. However, such genetic association studies often yield inconsistent results; hence require assays that are robust with low error rate. We investigated the accuracy and efficiency in estimating FCGR3 CNV by comparing Sequenom MassARRAY and paralogue ratio test-restriction enzyme digest variant ratio (PRT-REDVR). In addition, since many genetic association studies of FCGR3B CNV were carried out using real-time quantitative PCR, we have also included the evaluation of that method’s performance in estimating the multi-allelic CNV of FCGR3B. The qPCR assay exhibited a considerably broader distribution of signal intensity, potentially introducing error in estimation of copy number and higher false positive rates. Both Sequenom and PRT-REDVR showed lesser systematic bias, but Sequenom skewed towards copy number normal (CN = 2). The discrepancy between Sequenom and PRT-REDVR might be attributed either to batch effects noise in individual measurements. Our study suggests that PRT-REDVR is more robust and accurate in genotyping the CNV of FCGR3, but highlights the needs of multiple independent assays for extensive validation when performing a genetic association study with multi-allelic CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Shakina Haridan
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Umairah Mokhtar
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee R. Machado
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Abu Thalhah Abdul Aziz
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Science, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Masliza Zaid
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Benedict Sim
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahiran Mustafa
- Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Christopher K. C. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaili Abu Bakar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Edward J. Hollox
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hoh Boon Peng
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Niewiesk S. Maternal antibodies: clinical significance, mechanism of interference with immune responses, and possible vaccination strategies. Front Immunol 2014; 5:446. [PMID: 25278941 PMCID: PMC4165321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates have an immature immune system, which cannot adequately protect against infectious diseases. Early in life, immune protection is accomplished by maternal antibodies transferred from mother to offspring. However, decaying maternal antibodies inhibit vaccination as is exemplified by the inhibition of seroconversion after measles vaccination. This phenomenon has been described in both human and veterinary medicine and is independent of the type of vaccine being used. This review will discuss the use of animal models for vaccine research. I will review clinical solutions for inhibition of vaccination by maternal antibodies, and the testing and development of potentially effective vaccines. These are based on new mechanistic insight about the inhibitory mechanism of maternal antibodies. Maternal antibodies inhibit the generation of antibodies whereas the T cell response is usually unaffected. B cell inhibition is mediated through a cross-link between B cell receptor (BCR) with the Fcγ-receptor IIB by a vaccine-antibody complex. In animal experiments, this inhibition can be partially overcome by injection of a vaccine-specific monoclonal IgM antibody. IgM stimulates the B cell directly through cross-linking the BCR via complement protein C3d and antigen to the complement receptor 2 (CR2) signaling complex. In addition, it was shown that interferon alpha binds to the CD21 chain of CR2 as well as the interferon receptor and that this dual receptor usage drives B cell responses in the presence of maternal antibodies. In lieu of immunizing the infant, the concept of maternal immunization as a strategy to protect neonates has been proposed. This approach would still not solve the question of how to immunize in the presence of maternal antibodies but would defer the time of infection to an age where infection might not have such a detrimental outcome as in neonates. I will review successful examples and potential challenges of implementing this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
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29
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Urbaczek AC, Toller-Kawahisa JE, Fonseca LM, Costa PI, Faria CMQG, Azzolini AECS, Lucisano-Valim YM, Marzocchi-Machado CM. Influence of FcγRIIIb polymorphism on its ability to cooperate with FcγRIIa and CR3 in mediating the oxidative burst of human neutrophils. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:785-90. [PMID: 24945596 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering that human neutrophil FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIb receptors interact synergistically with CR3 in triggering neutrophil functional responses, allelic polymorphisms in these receptors might influence such interactions. We assessed whether FcγRIIIb polymorphisms affect FcγR/CR cooperation in mediating the neutrophil oxidative burst (OB), in particular the FcγRIIIb/CR3 cooperation that occurs via lectin-saccharide-like interactions. The OB of human neutrophil antigen (HNA)-1a-, HNA-1b-, and HNA-1a/-1b-neutrophils stimulated with immune complexes, opsonized or not with serum complement, was measured by the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay. Compared with HNA-1a-neutrophils, HNA-1b-neutrophils exhibited reduced FcγR-stimulated OB, but increased FcγR/CR-stimulated OB. It suggests that (i) FcγR and CR cooperate more effectively in HNA-1b-neutrophils, and (ii) the HNA-1b allotype influences the FcγRIIIb cooperation with FcγRIIa, but not with CR3. HNA-1a- and HNA-1b-neutrophils exhibited similar OB responses elicited via CR3 alone or via FcγR/CR-independent pathways. In addition, the level of FcγRIIIb, FcγRIIa, and CR3 expression did not differ significantly among the neutrophil groups studied. Together, these results demonstrate that the HNA-1b allotype influences the functional cooperation between FcγRIIIb and FcγRIIa, and suggest that the difference in the glycosylation pattern between HNA-1a and HNA-1b does not affect the FcγRIIIb cooperation with CR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Urbaczek
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Centro, Araraquara, SP CEP 14801-360, Brazil
| | - Juliana Escher Toller-Kawahisa
- Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Marcos Fonseca
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Centro, Araraquara, SP CEP 14801-360, Brazil
| | - Paulo Inácio Costa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Centro, Araraquara, SP CEP 14801-360, Brazil
| | - Carolina Maria Quinello Gomes Faria
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, Centro, Araraquara, SP CEP 14801-360, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Caleiro Seixas Azzolini
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Lucisano-Valim
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Cleni Mara Marzocchi-Machado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903, Brazil.
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30
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Human gene copy number variation and infectious disease. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1217-33. [PMID: 25110110 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Variability in the susceptibility to infectious disease and its clinical manifestation can be determined by variation in the environment and by genetic variation in the pathogen and the host. Despite several successes based on candidate gene studies, defining the host variation affecting infectious disease has not been as successful as for other multifactorial diseases. Both single nucleotide variation and copy number variation (CNV) of the host contribute to the host's susceptibility to infectious disease. In this review we focus on CNV, particularly on complex multiallelic CNV that is often not well characterised either directly by hybridisation methods or indirectly by analysis of genotypes and flanking single nucleotide variants. We summarise the well-known examples, such as α-globin deletion and susceptibility to severe malaria, as well as more recent controversies, such as the extensive CNV of the chemokine gene CCL3L1 and HIV infection. We discuss the potential biological mechanisms that could underly any genetic association and reflect on the extensive complexity and functional variation generated by a combination of CNV and sequence variation, as illustrated by the Fc gamma receptor genes FCGR3A, FCGR3B and FCGR2C. We also highlight some understudied areas that might prove fruitful areas for further research.
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31
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Kao D, Lux A, Schwab I, Nimmerjahn F. Targeting B cells and autoantibodies in the therapy of autoimmune diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:289-99. [PMID: 24777745 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
B cells and B cell-derived autoantibodies play a central role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. Thus, depletion of B cells via monoclonal antibodies such as Rituximab is an obvious therapeutic intervention and has been used successfully in many instances. More recently, novel therapeutic options targeting either the autoantibody itself or resetting the threshold for B cell activation have become available and show promising immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of animal models. The aim of this review is to summarize these results and to provide an insight into the underlying molecular and cellular pathways of these novel therapeutic interventions targeting autoantibodies and B cells and to discuss their value for human therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kao
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Chu SY, Yeter K, Kotha R, Pong E, Miranda Y, Phung S, Chen H, Lee SH, Leung I, Bonzon C, Desjarlais JR, Stohl W, Szymkowski DE. Suppression of Rheumatoid Arthritis B Cells by XmAb5871, an Anti-CD19 Antibody That Coengages B Cell Antigen Receptor Complex and Fcγ Receptor IIb Inhibitory Receptor. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1153-64. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Yeter
- Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center and University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
| | - Roshan Kotha
- Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center and University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William Stohl
- Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center and University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
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Ben Mkaddem S, Aloulou M, Benhamou M, Monteiro RC. Role of FcγRIIIA (CD16) in IVIg-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Function. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34 Suppl 1:S46-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Yuan J, Zhao D, Wu L, Xu X, Pang Y, Zhang J, Ma Y, Liu J, Wang J. FCGR3Bcopy number loss rather than gain is a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematous and lupus nephritis: a meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 18:392-7. [PMID: 24673810 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yuan
- Department of Dermatology; Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Dongbao Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Changhai Hospital affiliated to Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Digestive Diseases; Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Changhai Hospital affiliated to Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Yafei Pang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Changhai Hospital affiliated to Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases; Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases; Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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LILR-B1 blocks activating FcγR signaling to allow antibody dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2404-5. [PMID: 24501131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1324286111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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36
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Ratelade J, Asavapanumas N, Ritchie AM, Wemlinger S, Bennett JL, Verkman AS. Involvement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in inflammatory demyelination in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 126:699-709. [PMID: 23995423 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can cause paralysis and blindness. The pathogenesis of NMO involves binding of immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on astrocytes, which is thought to cause complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and a secondary inflammatory response leading to oligodendrocyte and neuronal damage. Here, we investigate in vivo the role of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) triggered by AQP4 autoantibodies (AQP4-IgG) in the development of NMO pathology. A high-affinity, human recombinant monoclonal AQP4-IgG was mutated in its Fc region to produce 'NMO superantibodies' with enhanced CDC and/or ADCC effector functions, without altered AQP4 binding. Pathological effects of these antibodies were studied in a mouse model of NMO produced by intracerebral injection of AQP4-IgG and human complement. The original (non-mutated) antibody produced large NMO lesions in this model, with loss of AQP4 and GFAP immunoreactivity, inflammation and demyelination, as did a mutated antibody with enhanced CDC and ADCC effector functions. As anticipated, a mutated AQP4-IgG lacking CDC, but having tenfold enhanced ADCC, produced little pathology. However, unexpectedly, a mutated antibody with ninefold enhanced CDC, but lacking ADCC, produced much less pathology than the original AQP4-IgG. Also, pathology was greatly reduced following administration of AQP4-IgG and complement to mice lacking the FcγIII receptor involved in effector cell activation during ADCC, and to normal mice injected with an Fcγ receptor blocking antibody. Our results provide evidence for the central involvement of ADCC in NMO pathology and suggest ADCC as a new therapeutic target in NMO.
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Flytzani S, Stridh P, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Marta M, Hedreul MT, Jagodic M, Olsson T. Anti-MOG antibodies are under polygenic regulation with the most significant control coming from the C-type lectin-like gene locus. Genes Immun 2013; 14:409-19. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Yang Q, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhou Y, Li N, Qin Y, Yang M, Xia P, Cui B. Ligation of porcine Fc gamma receptor I inhibits levels of antiviral cytokine in response to PRRSV infection in vitro. Virus Res 2013; 173:421-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fernandez-Arias C, Lopez JP, Hernandez-Perez JN, Bautista-Ojeda MD, Branch O, Rodriguez A. Malaria inhibits surface expression of complement receptor 1 in monocytes/macrophages, causing decreased immune complex internalization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3363-72. [PMID: 23440418 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Complement receptor 1 (CR1) expressed on the surface of phagocytic cells binds complement-bound immune complexes (IC), playing an important role in the clearance of circulating IC. This receptor is critical to prevent accumulation of IC, which can contribute to inflammatory pathology. Accumulation of circulating IC is frequently observed during malaria, although the factors contributing to this accumulation are not clearly understood. We have observed that the surface expression of CR1 on monocytes/macrophages and B cells is strongly reduced in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii, a rodent malaria model. Monocytes/macrophages from these infected mice present a specific inhibition of complement-mediated internalization of IC caused by the decreased CR1 expression. Accordingly, mice show accumulation of circulating IC and deposition of IC in the kidneys that inversely correlate with the decrease in CR1 surface expression. Our results indicate that malaria induces a significant decrease on surface CR1 expression in the monocyte/macrophage population that results in deficient internalization of IC by monocytes/macrophages. To determine whether this phenomenon is found in human malaria patients, we have analyzed 92 patients infected with either P. falciparum (22 patients) or P. vivax (70 patients) , the most prevalent human malaria parasites. The levels of surface CR1 on peripheral monocytes/macrophages and B cells of these patients show a significant decrease compared with uninfected control individuals in the same area. We propose that this decrease in CR1 plays an essential role in impaired IC clearance during malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fernandez-Arias
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Schwab I, Nimmerjahn F. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: how does IgG modulate the immune system? Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:176-89. [PMID: 23411799 DOI: 10.1038/nri3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations comprise pooled IgG antibodies from the serum of thousands of donors and were initially used as an IgG replacement therapy in immunocompromised patients. Since the discovery, more than 30 years ago, that IVIG therapy can ameliorate immune thrombocytopenia, the use of IVIG preparations has been extended to a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Despite the broad efficacy of IVIG therapy, its modes of action remain unclear. In this Review, we cover the recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways that are involved in IVIG-mediated immunosuppression, with a particular focus on IVIG as a therapy for IgG-dependent autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inessa Schwab
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Mueller M, Barros P, Witherden A, Roberts A, Zhang Z, Schaschl H, Yu CY, Hurles M, Schaffner C, Floto R, Game L, Steinberg K, Wilson R, Graves T, Eichler E, Cook H, Vyse T, Aitman T. Genomic pathology of SLE-associated copy-number variation at the FCGR2C/FCGR3B/FCGR2B locus. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:28-40. [PMID: 23261299 PMCID: PMC3542466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced FCGR3B copy number is associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The five FCGR2/FCGR3 genes are arranged across two highly paralogous genomic segments on chromosome 1q23. Previous studies have suggested mechanisms for structural rearrangements at the FCGR2/FCGR3 locus and have proposed mechanisms whereby altered FCGR3B copy number predisposes to autoimmunity, but the high degree of sequence similarity between paralogous segments has prevented precise definition of the molecular events and their functional consequences. To pursue the genomic pathology associated with FCGR3B copy-number variation, we integrated sequencing data from fosmid and bacterial artificial chromosome clones and sequence-captured DNA from FCGR3B-deleted genomes to establish a detailed map of allelic and paralogous sequence variation across the FCGR2/FCGR3 locus. This analysis identified two highly paralogous 24.5 kb blocks within the FCGR2C/FCGR3B/FCGR2B locus that are devoid of nonpolymorphic paralogous sequence variations and that define the limits of the genomic regions in which nonallelic homologous recombination leads to FCGR2C/FCGR3B copy-number variation. Further, the data showed evidence of swapping of haplotype blocks between these highly paralogous blocks that most likely arose from sequential ancestral recombination events across the region. Functionally, we found by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and cDNA sequencing that individuals with FCGR3B-deleted alleles show ectopic presence of FcγRIIb on natural killer (NK) cells. We conclude that FCGR3B deletion juxtaposes the 5'-regulatory sequences of FCGR2C with the coding sequence of FCGR2B, creating a chimeric gene that results in an ectopic accumulation of FcγRIIb on NK cells and provides an explanation for SLE risk associated with reduced FCGR3B gene copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mueller
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paula Barros
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Abigail S. Witherden
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Amy L. Roberts
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Helmut Schaschl
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chack-Yung Yu
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Matthew E. Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Catherine Schaffner
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - R. Andres Floto
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Laurence Game
- Genomics Core Laboratory, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Karyn Meltz Steinberg
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard K. Wilson
- The Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tina A. Graves
- The Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - H. Terence Cook
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Timothy J. Vyse
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Timothy J. Aitman
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Kozakiewicz L, Phuah J, Flynn J, Chan J. The role of B cells and humoral immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 783:225-50. [PMID: 23468112 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6111-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious threat to public health, causing 2 million deaths annually world-wide. The control of TB has been hindered by the requirement of long duration of treatment involving multiple chemotherapeutic agents, the increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the HIV-infected population, and the development of multi-drug resistant and extensively resistant strains of tubercle bacilli. An efficacious and cost-efficient way to control TB is the development of effective anti-TB vaccines. This measure requires thorough understanding of the immune response to M. tuberculosis. While the role of cell-mediated immunity in the development of protective immune response to the tubercle bacillus has been well established, the role of B cells in this process is not clearly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that B cells and humoral immunity can modulate the immune response to various intracellular pathogens, including M. tuberculosis. These lymphocytes form conspicuous aggregates in the lungs of tuberculous humans, non-human primates, and mice, which display features of germinal center B cells. In murine TB, it has been shown that B cells can regulate the level of granulomatous reaction, cytokine production, and the T cell response. This chapter discusses the potential mechanisms by which specific functions of B cells and humoral immunity can shape the immune response to intracellular pathogens in general, and to M. tuberculosis in particular. Knowledge of the B cell-mediated immune response to M. tuberculosis may lead to the design of novel strategies, including the development of effective vaccines, to better control TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kozakiewicz
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Shankar-Hari M, Spencer J, Sewell WA, Rowan KM, Singer M. Bench-to-bedside review: Immunoglobulin therapy for sepsis - biological plausibility from a critical care perspective. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:206. [PMID: 22424150 PMCID: PMC3584720 DOI: 10.1186/cc10597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis represents a dysregulated host response to infection, the extent of which determines the severity of organ dysfunction and subsequent outcome. All trialled immunomodulatory strategies to date have resulted in either outright failure or inconsistent degrees of success. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy falls into the latter category with opinion still divided as to its utility. This article provides a narrative review of the biological rationale for using IVIg in sepsis. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database (1966 to February 2011). The strategy included the following text terms and combinations of these: IVIg, intravenous immune globulin, intravenous immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin therapy, pentaglobin, sepsis, inflammation, immune modulation, apoptosis. Preclinical and extrapolated clinical data of IVIg therapy in sepsis suggests improved bacterial clearance, inhibitory effects upon upstream mediators of the host response (for example, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor), scavenging of downstream inflammatory mediators (for example, cytokines), direct anti-inflammatory effects mediated via Fcγ receptors, and a potential ability to attenuate lymphocyte apoptosis and thus sepsis-related immunosuppression. Characterizing the trajectory of change in immunoglobulin levels during sepsis, understanding mechanisms contributing to these changes, and undertaking IVIg dose-finding studies should be performed prior to further large-scale interventional trials to enhance the likelihood of a successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Shankar-Hari
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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45
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Callaghan CJ, Win TS, Motallebzadeh R, Conlon TM, Chhabra M, Harper I, Sivaganesh S, Bolton EM, Bradley JA, Brownlie RJ, Smith KGC, Pettigrew GJ. Regulation of allograft survival by inhibitory FcγRIIb signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5694-702. [PMID: 23150718 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγR) provide important immunoregulation. Targeting inhibitory FcγRIIb may therefore prolong allograft survival, but its role in transplantation has not been addressed. FcγRIIb signaling was examined in murine models of acute or chronic cardiac allograft rejection by transplanting recipients that either lacked FcγRIIb expression (FcγRIIb(-/-)) or overexpressed FcγRIIb on B cells (B cell transgenic [BTG]). Acute heart allograft rejection occurred at the same tempo in FcγRIIb(-/-) C57BL/6 (B6) recipients as wild type recipients, with similar IgG alloantibody responses. In contrast, chronic rejection of MHC class II-mismatched bm12 cardiac allografts was accelerated in FcγRIIb(-/-) mice, with development of more severe transplant arteriopathy and markedly augmented effector autoantibody production. Autoantibody production was inhibited and rejection was delayed in BTG recipients. Similarly, whereas MHC class I-mismatched B6.K(d) hearts survived indefinitely and remained disease free in B6 mice, much stronger alloantibody responses and progressive graft arteriopathy developed in FcγRIIb(-/-) recipients. Notably, FcγRIIb-mediated inhibition of B6.K(d) heart graft rejection was abrogated by increasing T cell help through transfer of additional H2.K(d)-specific CD4 T cells. Thus, inhibitory FcγRIIb signaling regulates chronic but not acute rejection, most likely because the supra-optimal helper CD4 T cell response in acute rejection overcomes FcγRIIb-mediated inhibition of the effector B cell population. Immunomodulation of FcγRIIb in clinical transplantation may hold potential for inhibiting progression of transplant arteriopathy and prolonging transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Callaghan
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Phuah JY, Mattila JT, Lin PL, Flynn JL. Activated B cells in the granulomas of nonhuman primates infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:508-14. [PMID: 22721647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis, host immune cells form a granuloma as a physical and immunological barrier. To date, the contribution of humoral immunity, including antibodies and specific functions of B cells, to M. tuberculosis infection in humans remains largely unknown. Recent studies in mice show that humoral immunity can alter M. tuberculosis infection outcomes. M. tuberculosis infection in cynomolgus macaques recapitulates essentially all aspects of human tuberculosis. As a first step toward understanding the importance of humoral immunity to control of M. tuberculosis infection in primates, we characterized the B-cell and plasma-cell populations in infected animals and found that B cells are present primarily in clusters within the granuloma. The B-cell clusters are in close proximity to peripheral node addressin-positive cells and contain cells positive for Ki-67, a proliferation marker. Granuloma B cells also express CXCR5 and have elevated HLA-DR expression. Tissues containing M. tuberculosis bacilli had higher levels of M. tuberculosis-specific IgG, compared with uninvolved tissue from the same monkeys. Plasma cells detected within the granuloma produced mycobacteria-specific antibodies. Together, these data demonstrate that B cells are present and actively secreting antibodies specific for M. tuberculosis antigens at the site of infection, including lung granulomas and thoracic lymph nodes. These antibodies likely have the capacity to modulate local control of infection in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao Phuah
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Wang X, Liu X, Kishimoto C, Yuan Z. The role of Fcγ receptors in atherosclerosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:609-16. [PMID: 22688821 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is widely considered to be an immune-mediated process. Fcγ receptors (Fcγ Rs) contribute to the regulation of a multitude of immune and inflammatory responses and are implicated in human atherosclerotic lesions. Major cell types involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis express Fcγ Rs and their proatherogenic ligands such as immune complexes and C-reactive protein, which act to activate Fcγ R signaling pathways. This review summarizes recent significant progress addressing the multifaceted roles of Fcγ Rs in atherogenesis which comes from the studies of Fcγ R-deficient animal models, clinical investigations and in vitro molecular and cellular studies. These new findings help us appreciate the emerging role of Fcγ Rs in atherosclerosis, and suggest Fcγ Rs as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, China
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Gaspar JA, Doss MX, Winkler J, Wagh V, Hescheler J, Kolde R, Vilo J, Schulz H, Sachinidis A. Gene expression signatures defining fundamental biological processes in pluripotent, early, and late differentiated embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2471-84. [PMID: 22420508 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the molecular mechanisms controlling the in vivo developmental program postembryogenesis is challenging and time consuming. However, the developmental program can be partly recapitulated in vitro by the use of cultured embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Similar to the totipotent cells of the inner cell mass, gene expression and morphological changes in cultured ESCs occur hierarchically during their differentiation, with epiblast cells developing first, followed by germ layers and finally somatic cells. Combination of high throughput -omics technologies with murine ESCs offers an alternative approach for studying developmental processes toward organ-specific cell phenotypes. We have made an attempt to understand differentiation networks controlling embryogenesis in vivo using a time kinetic, by identifying molecules defining fundamental biological processes in the pluripotent state as well as in early and the late differentiation stages of ESCs. Our microarray data of the differentiation of the ESCs clearly demonstrate that the most critical early differentiation processes occur at days 2 and 3 of differentiation. Besides monitoring well-annotated markers pertinent to both self-renewal and potency (capacity to differentiate to different cell lineage), we have identified candidate molecules for relevant signaling pathways. These molecules can be further investigated in gain and loss-of-function studies to elucidate their role for pluripotency and differentiation. As an example, siRNA knockdown of MageB16, a gene highly expressed in the pluripotent state, has proven its influence in inducing differentiation when its function is repressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Antonydas Gaspar
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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McKinney C, Merriman TR. Meta-analysis confirms a role for deletion in FCGR3B in autoimmune phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2370-6. [PMID: 22337955 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although deletion in the low-affinity IgG receptor gene FCGR3B has repeatedly been implicated in systemic autoimmune disease, the role of FCGR3B copy number variation (CNV) in autoimmunity still remains unclear. Factors such as study size, ethnicity, specific disease phenotype and experimental methodology may explain these conflicting results. Here we aimed at using meta-analysis to assess the role for FCGR3B CNV in autoimmunity. We excluded studies using SybrGreen-based genotyping and found strong evidence for association between low (<2) FCGR3B CN and systemic lupus erythematosus [OR = 1.59 (1.32-1.92), P(meta)=9.1 × 10(-7)], but not for rheumatoid arthritis [OR = 1.36 (0.89-2.06), P= 0.15]. However, a combined autoimmune phenotype analysis supports the deletion of FCGR3B as a risk factor for non-organ-specific autoimmunity [OR = 1.44 (1.28-1.62), P(meta)= 2.9 × 10(-9)]. This meta-analysis implicates the clearance of immune complex in the etiology of non-organ-specific autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cushla McKinney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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MacLellan LM, Montgomery J, Sugiyama F, Kitson SM, Thümmler K, Silverman GJ, Beers SA, Nibbs RJB, McInnes IB, Goodyear CS. Co-opting endogenous immunoglobulin for the regulation of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in humans and mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 63:3897-907. [PMID: 22127707 DOI: 10.1002/art.30629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cells of the monocytic lineage play fundamental roles in the regulation of health, ranging from the initiation and resolution of inflammation to bone homeostasis. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the inflamed synovium exhibits characteristic infiltration of macrophages along with local osteoclast maturation, which, together, drive chronic inflammation and downstream articular destruction. The aim of this study was to explore an entirely novel route of immunoglobulin-mediated regulation, involving simultaneous suppression of the inflammatory and erosive processes in the synovium. METHODS Using in vivo and in vitro studies of human cells and a murine model of RA, the ability of staphylococcal protein A (SPA) to interact with and modulate cells of the monocytic lineage was tested. In addition, the efficacy of SPA as a therapeutic agent was evaluated in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). RESULTS SPA showed a capacity to appropriate circulating IgG, by generating small immunoglobulin complexes that interacted with monocytes, macrophages, and preosteoclasts. Formation of these complexes resulted in Fcγ receptor type I-dependent polarization of macrophages to a regulatory phenotype, rendering them unresponsive to activators such as interferon-γ. The antiinflammatory complexes also had the capacity to directly inhibit differentiation of preosteoclasts into osteoclasts in humans. Moreover, administration of SPA in the early stages of disease substantially alleviated the clinical and histologic erosive features of CIA in mice. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the overarching utility of immunoglobulin complexes for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. The results shed light on the interface between immunoglobulin complex-mediated pathways, osteoclastogenesis, and associated pathologic processes. Thus, therapeutic agents designed to harness all of these properties may be an effective treatment for arthritis, by targeting both the innate inflammatory response and prodestructive pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/pharmacology
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/physiopathology
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/physiology
- Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/physiology
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Osteoclasts/cytology
- Osteoclasts/drug effects
- Osteoclasts/physiology
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/physiology
- Staphylococcal Protein A/pharmacology
- Staphylococcal Protein A/therapeutic use
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/drug effects
- Stem Cells/physiology
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