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Jian G, Xie D, Kuang X, Zheng P, Liu H, Dong X. Identification and validation of miR-29b-3p and LIN7A as important diagnostic markers for bone non-union by WGCNA. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18522. [PMID: 38957040 PMCID: PMC11220363 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone non-union is a common fracture complication that can severely impact patient outcomes, yet its mechanism is not fully understood. This study used differential analysis and weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify susceptibility modules and hub genes associated with fracture healing. Two datasets, GSE125289 and GSE213891, were downloaded from the GEO website, and differentially expressed miRNAs and genes were analysed and used to construct the WGCNA network. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed enrichment in cytokine and inflammatory factor secretion, phagocytosis, and trans-Golgi network regulation pathways. Using bioinformatic site prediction and crossover gene search, miR-29b-3p was identified as a regulator of LIN7A expression that may negatively affect fracture healing. Potential miRNA-mRNA interactions in the bone non-union mechanism were explored, and miRNA-29-3p and LIN7A were identified as biomarkers of skeletal non-union. The expression of miRNA-29b-3p and LIN7A was verified in blood samples from patients with fracture non-union using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Overall, this study identified characteristic modules and key genes associated with fracture non-union and provided insight into its molecular mechanisms. Downregulated miRNA-29b-3p was found to downregulate LIN7A protein expression, which may affect the healing process after fracture in patients with bone non-union. These findings may serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for bone non-union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Jian
- Department of OrthopedicsChenggong Hospital of Xiamen University (the 73th Group Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army)XiamenFujianChina
| | - Desheng Xie
- Department of OrthopedicsChenggong Hospital of Xiamen University (the 73th Group Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army)XiamenFujianChina
| | - Ximu Kuang
- Department of OrthopedicsChenggong Hospital of Xiamen University (the 73th Group Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army)XiamenFujianChina
| | - Peihuang Zheng
- Department of OrthopedicsChenggong Hospital of Xiamen University (the 73th Group Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army)XiamenFujianChina
| | - Haoyuan Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsChenggong Hospital of Xiamen University (the 73th Group Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army)XiamenFujianChina
| | - Xuehong Dong
- Department of OrthopedicsChenggong Hospital of Xiamen University (the 73th Group Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army)XiamenFujianChina
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Enayati M, Liu W, Madry H, Neisiany RE, Cucchiarini M. Functionalized hydrogels as smart gene delivery systems to treat musculoskeletal disorders. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103232. [PMID: 38889626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite critical advances in regenerative medicine, the generation of definitive, reliable treatments for musculoskeletal diseases remains challenging. Gene therapy based on the delivery of therapeutic genetic sequences has strong value to offer effective, durable options to decisively manage such disorders. Furthermore, scaffold-mediated gene therapy provides powerful alternatives to overcome hurdles associated with classical gene therapy, allowing for the spatiotemporal delivery of candidate genes to sites of injury. Among the many scaffolds for musculoskeletal research, hydrogels raised increasing attention in addition to other potent systems (solid, hybrid scaffolds) due to their versatility and competence as drug and cell carriers in tissue engineering and wound dressing. Attractive functionalities of hydrogels for musculoskeletal therapy include their injectability, stimuli-responsiveness, self-healing, and nanocomposition that may further allow to upgrade of them as "intelligently" efficient and mechanically strong platforms, rather than as just inert vehicles. Such functionalized hydrogels may also be tuned to successfully transfer therapeutic genes in a minimally invasive manner in order to protect their cargos and allow for their long-term effects. In light of such features, this review focuses on functionalized hydrogels and demonstrates their competence for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders using gene therapy procedures, from gene therapy principles to hydrogel functionalization methods and applications of hydrogel-mediated gene therapy for musculoskeletal disorders, while remaining challenges are being discussed in the perspective of translation in patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite advances in regenerative medicine, the generation of definitive, reliable treatments for musculoskeletal diseases remains challenging. Gene therapy has strong value in offering effective, durable options to decisively manage such disorders. Scaffold-mediated gene therapy provides powerful alternatives to overcome hurdles associated with classical gene therapy. Among many scaffolds for musculoskeletal research, hydrogels raised increasing attention. Functionalities including injectability, stimuli-responsiveness, and self-healing, tune them as "intelligently" efficient and mechanically strong platforms, rather than as just inert vehicles. This review introduces functionalized hydrogels for musculoskeletal disorder treatment using gene therapy procedures, from gene therapy principles to functionalized hydrogels and applications of hydrogel-mediated gene therapy for musculoskeletal disorders, while remaining challenges are discussed from the perspective of translation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadsaeid Enayati
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Wei Liu
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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Li S, Liu G, Hu S. Osteoporosis: interferon-gamma-mediated bone remodeling in osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1396122. [PMID: 38817601 PMCID: PMC11137183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
As the world population ages, osteoporosis, the most common disease of bone metabolism, affects more than 200 million people worldwide. The etiology is an imbalance in bone remodeling process resulting in more significant bone resorption than bone remodeling. With the advent of the osteoimmunology field, the immune system's role in skeletal pathologies is gradually being discovered. The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a member of the interferon family, is an important factor in the etiology and treatment of osteoporosis because it mediates bone remodeling. This review starts with bone remodeling process and includes the cellular and key signaling pathways of bone remodeling. The effects of IFN-γ on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone mass are discussed separately, while the overall effects of IFN-γ on primary and secondary osteoporosis are summarized. The net effect of IFN-γ on bone appears to be highly dependent on the environment, dose, concentration, and stage of cellular differentiation. This review focuses on the mechanisms of bone remodeling and bone immunology, with a comprehensive discussion of the relationship between IFN-γ and osteoporosis. Finding the paradoxical balance of IFN-γ in bone immunology and exploring the potential of its clinical application provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Li
- The Orthopaedic Center, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou University Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siwang Hu
- The Orthopaedic Center, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou University Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
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Liu C, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Yu A. Identification of Up-Regulated ANXA3 Resulting in Fracture Non-Union in Patients With T2DM. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:890941. [PMID: 35813617 PMCID: PMC9263855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.890941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that increases fracture risk and interferes with bone formation and impairs fracture healing. Genomic studies on diabetes and fracture healing are lacking. We used a weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method to identify susceptibility modules and hub genes associated with T2DM and fracture healing. First, we downloaded the GSE95849, GSE93213, GSE93215, and GSE142786 data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) website, analyzed differential expression genes and constructed a WGCNA network. Second, we screened out 30 hub genes, which were found to be enriched in neutrophil activation, translational initiation, RAGE receptor binding, propanoate metabolism, and other pathways through Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analyses. Third, we searched for genes related to bone metabolism and fracture healing in the published genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, built a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with hub genes, and found that they were associated with metabolic process, blood vessel development, and extracellular matrix organization. ANXA3 was identified as the biomarker based on gene expression and correlation analysis. And the AUC value of it was 0.947. Fourth, we explored that ANXA3 was associated with neutrophils in fracture healing process by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Finally, we collected clinical patient samples and verified the expression of ANXA3 by qRT-PCR in patents with T2DM and fracture non-union. In conclusion, this is the first genomics study on the effect of T2DM on fracture healing. Our study identified some characteristic modules and hub genes in the etiology of T2DM-associated fracture non-union, which may help to further investigate the molecular mechanisms. Up-regulated ANXA3 potentially contributed to fracture non-union in T2DM by mediating neutrophils. It can be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aixi Yu
- *Correspondence: Dong Zhang, ; Aixi Yu,
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De la Vega RE, Atasoy-Zeybek A, Panos JA, VAN Griensven M, Evans CH, Balmayor ER. Gene therapy for bone healing: lessons learned and new approaches. Transl Res 2021; 236:1-16. [PMID: 33964474 PMCID: PMC8976879 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although gene therapy has its conceptual origins in the treatment of Mendelian disorders, it has potential applications in regenerative medicine, including bone healing. Research into the use of gene therapy for bone healing began in the 1990s. Prior to this period, the highly osteogenic proteins bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and -7 were cloned, produced in their recombinant forms and approved for clinical use. Despite their promising osteogenic properties, the clinical usefulness of recombinant BMPs is hindered by delivery problems that necessitate their application in vastly supraphysiological amounts. This generates adverse side effects, some of them severe, and raises costs; moreover, the clinical efficacy of the recombinant proteins is modest. Gene delivery offers a potential strategy for overcoming these limitations. Our research has focused on delivering a cDNA encoding human BMP-2, because the recombinant protein is Food and Drug Administration approved and there is a large body of data on its effects in people with broken bones. However, there is also a sizeable literature describing experimental results obtained with other transgenes that may directly or indirectly promote bone formation. Data from experiments in small animal models confirm that intralesional delivery of BMP-2 cDNA is able to heal defects efficiently and safely while generating transient, local BMP-2 concentrations 2-3 log orders less than those needed by recombinant BMP-2. The next challenge is to translate this information into a clinically expedient technology for bone healing. Our present research focuses on the use of genetically modified, allografted cells and chemically modified messenger RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo E De la Vega
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Atasoy-Zeybek
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph A Panos
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Martijn VAN Griensven
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christopher H Evans
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; IBE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Zhang W, Abdelrasoul GN, Savchenko O, Abdrabou A, Wang Z, Chen J. Ultrasound-assisted magnetic nanoparticle-based gene delivery. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239633. [PMID: 32970723 PMCID: PMC7514102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted gene delivery is important in biomedical research and applications. In this paper, we synergistically combine non-viral chemical materials, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and a physical technique, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), to achieve efficient and targeted gene delivery. The MNPs are iron oxide super-paramagnetic nanoparticles, coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI), which makes a high positive surface charge and is favorable for the binding of genetic materials. Due to the paramagnetic properties of the MNPs, the application of an external magnetic field increases transfection efficiency while LIPUS stimulation enhances cell viability and permeability. We found that stimulation at the intensity of 30 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes yields optimal results with a minimal adverse effect on the cells. By combining the effect of the external magnetic field and LIPUS, the genetic material (GFP or Cherry Red plasmid) can enter the cells. The flow cytometry results showed that by using just a magnetic field to direct the genetic material, the transfection efficiency on HEK 293 cells that were treated by our MNPs was 56.1%. Coupled with LIPUS stimulation, it increased to 61.5% or 19% higher than the positive control (Lipofectamine 2000). Besides, compared with the positive control, our method showed less toxicity. Cell viability after transfection was 63.61%, which is 19% higher than the standard transfection technique. In conclusion, we designed a new gene-delivery method that is affordable, targeted, shows low-toxicity, yet high transfection efficiency, compared to other conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gaser N Abdelrasoul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Abdalla Abdrabou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Goodman SB, Lin T. Modifying MSC Phenotype to Facilitate Bone Healing: Biological Approaches. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:641. [PMID: 32671040 PMCID: PMC7328340 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of fractures and bone defects normally follows an orderly series of events including formation of a hematoma and an initial stage of inflammation, development of soft callus, formation of hard callus, and finally the stage of bone remodeling. In cases of severe musculoskeletal injury due to trauma, infection, irradiation and other adverse stimuli, deficient healing may lead to delayed or non-union; this results in a residual bone defect with instability, pain and loss of function. Modern methods of mechanical stabilization and autologous bone grafting are often successful in achieving fracture union and healing of bone defects; however, in some cases, this treatment is unsuccessful because of inadequate biological factors. Specifically, the systemic and local microenvironment may not be conducive to bone healing because of a loss of the progenitor cell population for bone and vascular lineage cells. Autologous bone grafting can provide the necessary scaffold, progenitor and differentiated lineage cells, and biological cues for bone reconstruction, however, autologous bone graft may be limited in quantity or quality. These unfavorable circumstances are magnified in systemic conditions with chronic inflammation, including obesity, diabetes, chronic renal disease, aging and others. Recently, strategies have been devised to both mitigate the necessity for, and complications from, open procedures for harvesting of autologous bone by using minimally invasive aspiration techniques and concentration of iliac crest bone cells, followed by local injection into the defect site. More elaborate strategies (not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-FDA) include isolation and expansion of subpopulations of the harvested cells, preconditioning of these cells or inserting specific genes to modulate or facilitate bone healing. We review the literature pertinent to the subject of modifying autologous harvested cells including MSCs to facilitate bone healing. Although many of these techniques and technologies are still in the preclinical stage and not yet approved for use in humans by the FDA, novel approaches to accelerate bone healing by modifying cells has great potential to mitigate the physical, economic and social burden of non-healing fractures and bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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8
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Zimmermann A, Hercher D, Regner B, Frischer A, Sperger S, Redl H, Hacobian A. Evaluation of BMP-2 Minicircle DNA for Enhanced Bone Engineering and Regeneration. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 20:55-63. [PMID: 32338217 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200427121350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, the significant osteoinductive potential of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) non-viral gene therapy cannot be fully exploited therapeutically. This is mainly due to weak gene delivery and brief expression peaks restricting the therapeutic effect. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to test the application of minicircle DNA, allowing prolonged expression potential. It offers notable advantages over conventional plasmid DNA. The lack of bacterial sequences and the resulting reduction in size, enables safe usage and improved performance for tissue regeneration. METHODS We inserted an optimized BMP-2 gene cassette with minicircle plasmid technology. BMP-2 minicircle plasmids were produced in E. coli yielding plasmids lacking bacterial backbone elements. Comparative studies of these BMP-2 minicircles and conventional BMP-2 plasmids were performed in vitro in cell systems, including bone marrow derived stem cells. Tests performed included gene expression profiles and cell differentiation assays. RESULTS A C2C12 cell line transfected with the BMP-2-Advanced minicircle showed significantly elevated expression of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and BMP-2 protein amount when compared to cells transfected with conventional BMP-2-Advanced plasmid. Furthermore, the plasmids show suitability for stem cell approaches by showing significantly higher levels of ALP activity and mineralization when introduced into human bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). CONCLUSION We have designed a highly bioactive BMP-2 minicircle plasmid with the potential to fulfil clinical requirements for non-viral gene therapy in the field of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Zimmermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Regner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amelie Frischer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Sperger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ara Hacobian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
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Johnstone B, Stoddart MJ, Im GI. Multi-Disciplinary Approaches for Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:463-472. [PMID: 31478253 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage does not regenerate in adults. A lot of time and resources have been dedicated to cartilage regeneration research. The current understanding suggests that multi-disciplinary approach including biologic, genetic, and mechanical stimulations may be needed for cell-based cartilage regeneration. This review summarizes contents of a workshop sponsored by International Combined Orthopaedic Societies during the 2019 annual meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society held in Austin, Texas. Three approaches for cell-based cartilage regeneration were introduced, including cellular basis of chondrogenesis, gene-enhanced cartilage regeneration, and physical modulation to divert stem cells to chondrogenic cell fate. While the complicated nature of cartilage regeneration has not allowed us to achieve successful regeneration of hyaline articular cartilage so far, the utilization of multi-disciplinary approaches in various fields of biomedical engineering will provide means to achieve this goal faster. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:463-472, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Johnstone
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Gun-Il Im
- Integrative Research Institute for Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Khalil AS, Yu X, Dang PN, Alsberg E, Murphy WL. A microparticle approach for non-viral gene delivery within 3D human mesenchymal stromal cell aggregates. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:408-417. [PMID: 31004846 PMCID: PMC6888862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular aggregates, in comparison to two-dimensional monolayer culture, can provide tissue culture models that better recapitulate the abundant cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions found in vivo. In addition, aggregates are potentially useful building blocks for tissue engineering. However, control over the interior aggregate microenvironment is challenging due to inherent barriers for diffusion of biological mediators (e.g. growth factors) throughout the multicellular aggregates. Previous studies have shown that incorporation of biomaterials into multicellular aggregates can support cell survival and control differentiation of stem cell aggregates by delivering morphogens from within the 3D construct. In this study, we developed a highly efficient microparticle-based gene delivery approach to uniformly transfect human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) within multicellular aggregates and cell sheets. We hypothesized that release of plasmid DNA (pDNA) lipoplexes from mineral-coated microparticles (MCMs) within 3D hMSC constructs would improve transfection in comparison to standard free pDNA lipoplex delivery in the media. Our approach increased transfection efficiency 5-fold over delivery of free pDNA lipoplexes in the media and resulted in homogenous distribution of transfected cells throughout the 3D constructs. Additionally, we found that MCMs improved hMSC transfection by specifically increasing macropinocytosis-mediated uptake of pDNA. Finally, we showed up to a three-fold increase of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression and enhanced calcium deposition within 3D hMSC constructs following MCM-mediated delivery of a BMP-2 encoding plasmid and culture in osteogenic medium. The technology described here provides a valuable tool for achieving efficient and homogenous transfection of 3D cell constructs and is therefore of particular value in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This original research describes a materials-based approach, whereby use of mineral-coated microparticles improves the efficiency of non-viral gene delivery in three-dimensional human mesenchymal stromal cell constructs. Specifically, it demonstrates the use of mineral-coated microparticles to enable highly efficient transfection of human mesenchymal stromal cells in large, 3D culture formats. The manuscript also identifies specific endocytosis pathways that interact with the mineral coating to afford the improved transfection efficiency, as well as demonstrates the utility of this approach toward improving differentiation of large cell constructs. We feel that this manuscript will impact the current understanding and near-term development of materials for non-viral gene delivery in broad tissue engineering and biofabrication applications, and therefore be of interest to a diverse biomaterials audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Phuong N Dang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- AO Foundation Collaborative Research Center, Davos, Switzerland; Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; The National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; AO Foundation Collaborative Research Center, Davos, Switzerland.
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11
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Everding J, Stolberg-Stolberg J, Raschke MJ, Stange R. [Stimulation of fracture healing by growth factors and cell-based technologies]. Unfallchirurg 2019; 122:534-543. [PMID: 31201492 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-019-0686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bone has the special capability to completely regenerate after trauma and to re-establish its original geometry and biomechanical stability corresponding to the pretrauma conditions. Nevertheless, in daily clinical practice impaired fracture healing and nonunions are regular complications as a result of inadequate mechanical stability and/or insufficient biological processes around the fracture region. Since the beginning of the millennium, intensive research on the physiological processes in bone healing as well as the production and clinical administration of growth factors have enabled the possibility to improve the local biological processes during fracture healing by osteoinduction. Although the initial clinical results, particularly of bone morphogenetic proteins, in fracture healing were promising, growth factors did not become established for unrestricted use in the clinical application. Currently, additional growth factors are being investigated with respect to the potential supportive and osteoinductive characteristics for enhancement of fracture healing and possible clinical applications. Furthermore, the development of cell-based technologies is another promising approach to positively stimulate fracture healing. In addition to the gold standard of autologous bone grafting, harvesting of mesenchymal stroma cells by aspiration has gained in importance in recent years. Allogeneic bone cell transplantation procedures and in particular gene therapy are promising new strategies for the treatment of disorders of fracture healing. This review gives an overview of present and future possibilities for modulation of fracture healing by growth factors and cell-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Everding
- Klinik für Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - J Stolberg-Stolberg
- Klinik für Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - M J Raschke
- Klinik für Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - R Stange
- Abteilung für Regenerative Muskuloskelettale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland.
- Institut für Muskuloskelettale Medizin (IMM), Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
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12
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Ball AN, Phillips JN, McIlwraith CW, Kawcak CE, Samulski RJ, Goodrich LR. Genetic modification of scAAV-equine-BMP-2 transduced bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells before and after cryopreservation: An "off-the-shelf" option for fracture repair. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1310-1317. [PMID: 30578639 PMCID: PMC8366205 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the environment of complex bone healing and improving treatment of catastrophic bone fractures and segmental bone defects remains an unmet clinical need both human and equine veterinary medical orthopaedics. The objective of this study was to determine whether scAAV-equine-BMP-2 transduced cells would induce osteogenesis in equine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) in vitro, and if these cells could be cryopreserved in an effort to osteogenically prime them as an "off-the-shelf" gene therapeutic approach for fracture repair. Our study found that transgene expression is altered by cell expansion, as would be expected by a transduction resulting in episomal transgene expression, and that osteoinductive levels could still be achieved 5 days after recovery, and protein expression would continue up to 14 days after transduction. This is the first evidence that cryopreservation of genetically modified BMDMSCs would not alter the osteoinductive potential or clinical use of allogeneic donor cells in cases of equine fracture repair. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1310-1317, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N. Ball
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Phillips
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - C. Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Christopher E. Kawcak
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Richard J. Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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13
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Schlickewei C, Klatte TO, Wildermuth Y, Laaff G, Rueger JM, Ruesing J, Chernousova S, Lehmann W, Epple M. A bioactive nano-calcium phosphate paste for in-situ transfection of BMP-7 and VEGF-A in a rabbit critical-size bone defect: results of an in vivo study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:15. [PMID: 30671652 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare an injectable DNA-loaded nano-calcium phosphate paste that is suitable as bioactive bone substitution material. For this we used the well-known potential of calcium phosphate in bone contact and supplemented it with DNA for the in-situ transfection of BMP-7 and VEGF-A in a critical-size bone defect. 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: One group with BMP-7- and VEGF-A-encoding DNA on calcium phosphate nanoparticles and a control group with calcium phosphate nanoparticles only. The bone defect was created at the proximal medial tibia and filled with the DNA-loaded calcium phosphate paste. As control, a bone defect was filled with the calcium phosphate paste without DNA. The proximal tibia was investigated 2, 4 and 12 weeks after the operation. A histomorphological analysis of the dynamic bone parameters was carried out with the Osteomeasure system. The animals treated with the DNA-loaded calcium phosphate showed a statistically significantly increased bone volume per total volume after 4 weeks in comparison to the control group. Additionally, a statistically significant increase of the trabecular number and the number of osteoblasts per tissue area were observed. These results were confirmed by radiological analysis. The DNA-loaded bone paste led to a significantly faster healing of the critical-size bone defect in the rabbit model after 4 weeks. After 12 weeks, all defects had equally healed in both groups. No difference in the quality of the new bone was found. The injectable DNA-loaded calcium phosphate paste led to a faster and more sustained bone healing and induced an accelerated bone formation after 4 weeks. The material was well integrated into the bone defect and new bone was formed on its surface. The calcium phosphate paste without DNA led to a regular healing of the critical-size bone defect, but the healing was slower than the DNA-loaded paste. Thus, the in-situ transfection with BMP-7 and VEGF-A significantly improved the potential of calcium phosphate as pasty bone substitution material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schlickewei
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Till O Klatte
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yasmin Wildermuth
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Laaff
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes M Rueger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Ruesing
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Svitlana Chernousova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lehmann
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117, Essen, Germany.
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Munsell EV, Kurpad DS, Freeman TA, Sullivan MO. Histone-targeted gene transfer of bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation. Acta Biomater 2018; 71:156-167. [PMID: 29481871 PMCID: PMC5899933 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal tissue regeneration following traumatic injury involves a complex cascade of growth factor signals that direct the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the fracture. The necessity for controlled and localized expression of these factors has highlighted the role gene therapy may play as a promising treatment option for bone repair. However, the design of nanocarrier systems that negotiate efficient intracellular trafficking and nuclear delivery represents a significant challenge. Recent investigations have highlighted the roles histone tail sequences play in directing nuclear delivery and activating DNA transcription. We previously established the ability to recapitulate these natural histone tail activities within non-viral nanocarriers, improving gene transfer and expression by enabling effective navigation to the nucleus via retrograde vesicular trafficking. Herein, we demonstrate that histone-targeting leads to ∼4-fold enhancements in osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression by MSCs over 6 days, as compared with standard polymeric transfection reagents. This improved expression augmented chondrogenesis, an essential first step in fracture healing. Importantly, significant enhancements of cartilage-specific protein expression were triggered by histone-targeted gene transfer, as compared with the response to treatment with equivalent amounts of recombinant BMP-2 protein. In fact, an ∼100-fold increase in recombinant BMP-2 was required to achieve similar levels of chondrogenic gene and protein expression. The enhancements in differentiation achieved using histone-targeting were in part enabled by an increase in transcription factor expression, which functioned to drive MSC chondrogenesis. These novel findings demonstrate the utility of histone-targeted gene transfer strategies to enable substantial reductions in BMP-2 dosing for bone regenerative applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This contribution addresses significant limitations in non-viral gene transfer for bone regenerative applications by exploiting a novel histone-targeting approach for cell-triggered delivery that induces osteogenic BMP-2 expression coincident with the initiation of bone repair. During repair, proliferating MSCs respond to a complex series of growth factor signals that direct their differentiation along cellular lineages essential to mature bone formation. Although these MSCs are ideal targets for enhanced transfection during cellular mitosis, few non-viral delivery approaches exist to enable maximization of this effect. Accordingly, this contribution seeks to utilize our histone-targeted nanocarrier design strategy to stimulate BMP-2 gene transfer in dividing MSCs. This gene-based approach leads to significantly augmented MSC chondrogenesis, an essential first step in bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik V Munsell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Deepa S Kurpad
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - Theresa A Freeman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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15
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Curtin CM, Castaño IM, O'Brien FJ. Scaffold-Based microRNA Therapies in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29068566 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-based therapies are an advantageous strategy with applications in both regenerative medicine (RM) and cancer treatments. microRNAs (miRNAs) are an evolutionary conserved class of small RNA molecules that modulate up to one third of the human nonprotein coding genome. Thus, synthetic miRNA activators and inhibitors hold immense potential to finely balance gene expression and reestablish tissue health. Ongoing industry-sponsored clinical trials inspire a new miRNA therapeutics era, but progress largely relies on the development of safe and efficient delivery systems. The emerging application of biomaterial scaffolds for this purpose offers spatiotemporal control and circumvents biological and mechanical barriers that impede successful miRNA delivery. The nascent research in scaffold-mediated miRNA therapies translates know-how learnt from studies in antitumoral and genetic disorders as well as work on plasmid (p)DNA/siRNA delivery to expand the miRNA therapies arena. In this progress report, the state of the art methods of regulating miRNAs are reviewed. Relevant miRNA delivery vectors and scaffold systems applied to-date for RM and cancer treatment applications are discussed, as well as the challenges involved in their design. Overall, this progress report demonstrates the opportunity that exists for the application of miRNA-activated scaffolds in the future of RM and cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI); 123 St. Stephens Green Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin (TCD); Dublin 2 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; RCSI & TCD; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Irene Mencía Castaño
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI); 123 St. Stephens Green Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin (TCD); Dublin 2 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; RCSI & TCD; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI); 123 St. Stephens Green Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin (TCD); Dublin 2 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; RCSI & TCD; Dublin 2 Ireland
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16
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Gene Therapy Strategies in Bone Tissue Engineering and Current Clinical Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:85-101. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Ghadakzadeh S, Hamdy R, Tabrizian M. Efficient in vitro delivery of Noggin siRNA enhances osteoblastogenesis. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00450. [PMID: 29167826 PMCID: PMC5686427 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of serious bone defects would not heal without invasive clinical intervention. One approach to such defects is to enhance the capacity of bone-formation cells. Exogenous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have been utilized to positively regulate matrix mineralization and osteoblastogenesis, however, numerous adverse effects are associated with this approach. Noggin, a potent antagonist of BMPs, is an ideal candidate to target and decrease the need for supraphysiological doses of BMPs. In the current research we report a novel siRNA-mediated gene knock-down strategy to down-regulate Noggin. We utilized a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery strategy in pre-osteoblastic rat cells. In vitro LNP-siRNA treatment caused inconsequential cell toxicity and transfection was achieved in over 85% of cells. Noggin siRNA treatment successfully down-regulated cellular Noggin protein levels and enhanced BMP signal activity which in turn resulted in significantly increased osteoblast differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization evidenced by histological assessments. Gene expression analysis showed that targeting Noggin specifically in bone cells would not lead to a compensatory effect from other BMP negative regulators such as Gremlin and Chordin. The results from this study support the notion that novel therapeutics targeting Noggin have the clinically relevant potential to enhance bone formation without the need for toxic doses of exogenous BMPs. Such treatments will undeniably provide safe and economical treatments for individuals whose poor bone repair results in permanent morbidity and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ghadakzadeh
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R.C. Hamdy
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - M. Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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18
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Khalil AS, Yu X, Xie AW, Fontana G, Umhoefer JM, Johnson HJ, Hookway TA, McDevitt TC, Murphy WL. Functionalization of microparticles with mineral coatings enhances non-viral transfection of primary human cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14211. [PMID: 29079806 PMCID: PMC5660152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery to primary human cells is a technology of critical interest to both life science research and therapeutic applications. However, poor efficiencies in gene transfer and undesirable safety profiles remain key limitations in advancing this technology. Here, we describe a materials-based approach whereby application of a bioresorbable mineral coating improves microparticle-based transfection of plasmid DNA lipoplexes in several primary human cell types. In the presence of these mineral-coated microparticles (MCMs), we observed up to 4-fold increases in transfection efficiency with simultaneous reductions in cytotoxicity. We identified mechanisms by which MCMs improve transfection, as well as coating compositions that improve transfection in three-dimensional cell constructs. The approach afforded efficient transfection in primary human fibroblasts as well as mesenchymal and embryonic stem cells for both two- and three-dimensional transfection strategies. This MCM-based transfection is an advancement in gene delivery technology, as it represents a non-viral approach that enables highly efficient, localized transfection and allows for transfection of three-dimensional cell constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Angela W Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gianluca Fontana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Umhoefer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hunter J Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tracy A Hookway
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences-University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology & Medicine-Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences-University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology & Medicine-Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- The Materials Science Program-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center-University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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19
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Agas D, Gusmão Silva G, Laus F, Marchegiani A, Capitani M, Vullo C, Catone G, Lacava G, Concetti A, Marchetti L, Sabbieti MG. INF-γ encoding plasmid administration triggers bone loss and disrupts bone marrow microenvironment. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:309-321. [PMID: 27908965 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ is a pleotropic cytokine produced in the bone microenvironment. Although IFN-γ is known to play a critical role on bone remodeling, its function is not fully elucidated. Consistently, outcomes on the effects of IFN-γ recombinant protein on bone loss are contradictory among reports. In our work we explored, for the first time, the role of IFN-γ encoding plasmid (pIFN-γ) in a mouse model of osteopenia induced by ovariectomy and in the sham-operated counterpart to estimate its effects in skeletal homeostasis. Ovariectomy produced a dramatic decrease of bone mineral density (BMD). pINF-γ injected mice showed a pathologic bone and bone marrow phenotype; the disrupted cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture was accompanied by an increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokine by bone marrow cells. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells' (MSCs) commitment to osteoblast was found impaired, as evidenced by the decline of osterix-positive (Osx+) cells within the mid-diaphyseal area of femurs. For instance, a reduction and redistribution of CXCL12 cells have been found, in accordance with bone marrow morphological alterations. As similar effects were observed both in sham-operated and in ovariectomized mice, our studies proved that an increased IFN-γ synthesis in bone marrow might be sufficient to induce inflammatory and catabolic responses even in the absence of pathologic predisposing substrates. In addition, the obtained data might raise questions about pIFN-γ's safety when it is used as vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Guilherme Gusmão Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e ImunologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Melania Capitani
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vullo
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Catone
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lacava
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Antonio Concetti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Luigi Marchetti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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20
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Fliefel R, Kühnisch J, Ehrenfeld M, Otto S. Gene Therapy for Bone Defects in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:215-230. [PMID: 27819181 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial bone defects are challenging problems for maxillofacial surgeons over the years. With the development of cell and molecular biology, gene therapy is a breaking new technology with the aim of regenerating tissues by acting as a delivery system for therapeutic genes in the craniofacial region rather than treating genetic disorders. A systematic review was conducted summarizing the articles reporting gene therapy in maxillofacial surgery to answer the question: Was gene therapy successfully applied to regenerate bone in the maxillofacial region? Electronic searching of online databases was performed in addition to hand searching of the references of included articles. No language or time restrictions were enforced. Meta-analysis was done to assess significant bone formation after delivery of gene material in the surgically induced maxillofacial defects. The search identified 2081 articles, of which 57 were included with 1726 animals. Bone morphogenetic proteins were commonly used proteins for gene therapy. Viral vectors were the universally used vectors. Sprague-Dawley rats were the frequently used animal model in experimental studies. The quality of the articles ranged from excellent to average. Meta-analysis results performed on 21 articles showed that defects favored bone formation by gene therapy. Funnel plot showed symmetry with the absence of publication bias. Gene therapy is on the top list of innovative strategies that developed in the last 10 years with the hope of developing a simple chair-side protocol in the near future, combining improvement of gene delivery as well as knowledge of the molecular basis of oral and maxillofacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Fliefel
- 1 Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich, Germany .,2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich, Germany .,3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alexandria University , Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jan Kühnisch
- 4 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ehrenfeld
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich, Germany
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21
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Effect of sustained PDGF nonviral gene delivery on repair of tooth-supporting bone defects. Gene Ther 2016; 24:31-39. [PMID: 27824330 PMCID: PMC5269540 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) promotes soft tissue and bone healing, and is Food and Drug Administration-approved for treatment of diabetic ulcers and periodontal defects. The short half-life of topical rhPDGF-BB protein application necessitates bolus, high-dose delivery. Gene therapy enables sustained local growth factor production. A novel gene activated matrix delivering polyplexes of polyethylenimine (PEI)-plasmid DNA encoding PDGF was evaluated for promotion of periodontal wound repair in vivo. PEI-pPDGF-B polyplexes were tested in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and human gingival fibroblasts for cell viability and transfection efficiency. Collagen scaffolds containing PEI-pPDGF-B polyplexes at two doses, rhPDGF-BB, PEI vector or collagen alone were randomly delivered to experimentally induced tooth-supporting periodontal defects in a rodent model. Mandibulae were collected at 21 days for histologic observation and histomorphometry. PEI-pPDGF-B polyplexes were biocompatible to cells tested and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the functionality of transfection. Significantly greater osteogenesis was observed for collagen alone and rhPDGF-BB versus the PEI-containing groups. Defects treated with sustained PDGF gene delivery demonstrated delayed healing coupled with sustained inflammatory cell infiltrates lateral to the osseous defects. Continuous PDGF-BB production by nonviral gene therapy could have delayed bone healing. This nonviral gene delivery system in this model appeared to prolong inflammatory response, slowing alveolar bone regeneration in vivo.
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22
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In vitroand long-term (2-year follow-up)in vivoosteogenic activities of human periosteum-derived osteoblasts seeded into growth factor-releasing polycaprolactone/pluronic F127 beads scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:363-376. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Lee WY, Li N, Lin S, Wang B, Lan HY, Li G. miRNA-29b improves bone healing in mouse fracture model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:97-107. [PMID: 27113026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of miRNAs regulates bone remodeling and their levels in circulation were associated with bone fracture, however no miRNAs have yet been shown to improve fracture healing directly. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-29b-3p on mice femoral fracture healing through site-specific delivery with microbubble-ultrasound system. miR-29b-3p promoted osteogenesis of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as indicated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Alizarin red S staining. Animal study showed that single injection of miR-29b-3p at week 2 post fracture improved healing outcome as indicated by significant decrease of callus width and area with radiographic analysis without causing significant weight loss. Static bone histomorphometry analysis showed that miR-29b-3p increased bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) measurement showed increased BV/TV of high density bone and bone mineral density (BMD) of the callus. 3 point bending mechanical test showed improved relative stiffness. However, repeated injection of miR-29b-3p at weeks 2 and 3 did not result in additive therapeutic outcome, and caused increased total tissue volume and reduced BMD of the callus. This is the first report showing significant therapeutic effect of miR-29b-3p on femoral fracture healing through site-specific delivery with microbubble-ultrasound system. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to refine the treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Y Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Nan Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Y Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Histing T, Andonyan A, Klein M, Scheuer C, Stenger D, Holstein JH, Veith NT, Pohlemann T, Menger MD. Obesity does not affect the healing of femur fractures in mice. Injury 2016; 47:1435-44. [PMID: 27156834 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is reported to be both protective and deleterious to bone. Lipotoxicity and inflammation might be responsible for bone loss through inhibition of osteoblasts and activation of osteoclasts. However, little is known whether obesity affects the process of fracture healing. Therefore, we studied the effect of high fat diet-induced (HFD) obesity on callus formation and bone remodelling in a closed femur fracture model in mice. Thirty-one mice were fed a diet containing 60kJ% fat (HFD) for a total of 20 weeks before fracture and during the entire postoperative observation period. Control mice (n=31) received a standard diet containing 10kJ% fat. Healing was analyzed using micro-CT, biomechanical, histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, serum and protein biochemical analysis at 2 and 4 weeks after fracture. HFD-fed mice showed a higher body weight and increased serum concentrations of leptin and interleukin-6 compared to controls. Within the callus tissue Western blot analyses revealed a higher expression of transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy) and a reduced expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4. However, obesity did not affect the expression of BMP-2 and did not influence the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway during fracture healing. Although the bones of HFD-fed animals showed an increased number of adipocytes within the bone marrow, HFD did not increase callus adiposity. In addition, radiological and histomorphometric analysis could also not detect significant differences in bone formation between HFD-fed animals and controls. Accordingly, HFD did not affect bending stiffness after 2 and 4 weeks of healing. These findings indicate that obesity does not affect femur fracture healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - A Andonyan
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M Klein
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - C Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - D Stenger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - J H Holstein
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - N T Veith
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - T Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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25
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Raftery RM, Walsh DP, Castaño IM, Heise A, Duffy GP, Cryan SA, O'Brien FJ. Delivering Nucleic-Acid Based Nanomedicines on Biomaterial Scaffolds for Orthopedic Tissue Repair: Challenges, Progress and Future Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5447-5469. [PMID: 26840618 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As well as acting to fill defects and allow for cell infiltration and proliferation in regenerative medicine, biomaterial scaffolds can also act as carriers for therapeutics, further enhancing their efficacy. Drug and protein delivery on scaffolds have shown potential, however, supraphysiological quantities of therapeutic are often released at the defect site, causing off-target side effects and cytotoxicity. Gene therapy involves the introduction of foreign genes into a cell in order to exert an effect; either replacing a missing gene or modulating expression of a protein. State of the art gene therapy also encompasses manipulation of the transcriptome by harnessing RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. The delivery of nucleic acid nanomedicines on biomaterial scaffolds - gene-activated scaffolds -has shown potential for use in a variety of tissue engineering applications, but as of yet, have not reached clinical use. The current state of the art in terms of biomaterial scaffolds and delivery vector materials for gene therapy is reviewed, and the limitations of current procedures discussed. Future directions in the clinical translation of gene-activated scaffolds are also considered, with a particular focus on bone and cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Walsh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Irene Mencía Castaño
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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27
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Im GI. Gene Transfer Strategies to Promote Chondrogenesis and Cartilage Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:136-48. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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28
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Ghadakzadeh S, Mekhail M, Aoude A, Hamdy R, Tabrizian M. Small Players Ruling the Hard Game: siRNA in Bone Regeneration. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:475-87. [PMID: 26890411 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Silencing gene expression through a sequence-specific manner can be achieved by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The discovery of this process has opened the doors to the development of siRNA therapeutics. Although several preclinical and clinical studies have shown great promise in the treatment of neurological disorders, cancers, dominant disorders, and viral infections with siRNA, siRNA therapy is still gaining ground in musculoskeletal tissue repair and bone regeneration. Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature to summarize different siRNA delivery strategies utilized to enhance bone regeneration. With advancement in understanding the targetable biological pathways involved in bone regeneration and also the rapid progress in siRNA technologies, application of siRNA for bone regeneration has great therapeutic potential. High rates of musculoskeletal injuries and diseases, and their inevitable consequences, impose a huge financial burden on individuals and healthcare systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Ghadakzadeh
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mina Mekhail
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aoude
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Reggie Hamdy
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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29
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Komatsu K, Shibata T, Shimada A, Ideno H, Nakashima K, Tabata Y, Nifuji A. Cationized gelatin hydrogels mixed with plasmid DNA induce stronger and more sustained gene expression than atelocollagen at calvarial bone defects in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:419-30. [PMID: 26848778 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1139486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene transduction of exogenous factors at local sites in vivo is a promising approach to promote regeneration of tissue defects owing to its simplicity and capacity for expression of a variety of genes. Gene transduction by viral vectors is highly efficient; however, there are safety concerns associated with viruses. As a method for nonviral gene transduction, plasmid DNA delivery is safer and simpler, but requires an efficient carrier substance. Here, we aimed to develop a simple, efficient method for bone regeneration by gene transduction and to identify optimal conditions for plasmid DNA delivery at bone defect sites. We focused on carrier substances and compared the efficiencies of two collagen derivatives, atelocollagen, and gelatin hydrogel, as substrates for plasmid DNA delivery in vivo. To assess the efficiencies of these substrates, we examined exogenous expression of green fluorescence protein (GFP) by fluorescence microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. GFP expression at the bone defect site was higher when gelatin hydrogel was used as a substrate to deliver plasmids than when atelocollagen was used. Moreover, the gelatin hydrogel was almost completely absorbed at the defect site, whereas some atelocollagen remained. When a plasmid harboring bone morphogenic protein 2 was delivered with the substrate to bony defect sites, more new bone formation was observed in the gelatin group than in the atelocollagen group. These results suggested that the gelatin hydrogel was more efficient than atelocollagen as a substrate for local gene delivery and may be a superior material for induction of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Komatsu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - T Shibata
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - A Shimada
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - H Ideno
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - K Nakashima
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Y Tabata
- b Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - A Nifuji
- a Department of Pharmacology , Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
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30
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Elangovan S, Khorsand B, Do AV, Hong L, Dewerth A, Kormann M, Ross RD, Sumner DR, Allamargot C, Salem AK. Chemically modified RNA activated matrices enhance bone regeneration. J Control Release 2015; 218:22-8. [PMID: 26415855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There exists a dire need for improved therapeutics to achieve predictable bone regeneration. Gene therapy using non-viral vectors that are safe and efficient at transfecting target cells is a promising approach to overcoming the drawbacks of protein delivery of growth factors. Here, we investigated the transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, osteogenic potential and in vivo bone regenerative capacity of chemically modified ribonucleic acid (cmRNA) (encoding BMP-2) complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) and made comparisons with PEI complexed with conventional plasmid DNA (encoding BMP-2). The polyplexes were fabricated at an amine (N) to phosphate (P) ratio of 10 and characterized for transfection efficiency using human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The osteogenic potential of BMSCs treated with these polyplexes was validated by determining the expression of bone-specific genes, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase as well as through the detection of bone matrix deposition. Using a calvarial bone defect model in rats, it was shown that PEI-cmRNA (encoding BMP-2)-activated matrices promoted significantly enhanced bone regeneration compared to PEI-plasmid DNA (BMP-2)-activated matrices. Our proof of concept study suggests that scaffolds loaded with non-viral vectors harboring cmRNA encoding osteogenic proteins may be a powerful tool for stimulating bone regeneration with significant potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Elangovan
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Behnoush Khorsand
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Anh-Vu Do
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Liu Hong
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alexander Dewerth
- Department of Pediatrics I-Pediatric Infectiology and Immunology, Translational Genomics and Gene Therapy, University of Tübingen, Wilhelstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Kormann
- Department of Pediatrics I-Pediatric Infectiology and Immunology, Translational Genomics and Gene Therapy, University of Tübingen, Wilhelstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chantal Allamargot
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, United States; Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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31
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Liu F, Ferreira E, Porter R, Glatt V, Schinhan M, Shen Z, Randolph M, Kirker-Head C, Wehling C, Vrahas M, Evans C, Wells J, Wells JW. Rapid and reliable healing of critical size bone defects with genetically modified sheep muscle. Eur Cell Mater 2015; 30:118-30; discussion 130-1. [PMID: 26388615 PMCID: PMC4625846 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v030a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Large segmental defects in bone fail to heal and remain a clinical problem. Muscle is highly osteogenic, and preliminary data suggest that autologous muscle tissue expressing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) efficiently heals critical size defects in rats. Translation into possible human clinical trials requires, inter alia, demonstration of efficacy in a large animal, such as the sheep. Scale-up is fraught with numerous biological, anatomical, mechanical and structural variables, which cannot be addressed systematically because of cost and other practical issues. For this reason, we developed a translational model enabling us to isolate the biological question of whether sheep muscle, transduced with adenovirus expressing BMP-2, could heal critical size defects in vivo. Initial experiments in athymic rats noted strong healing in only about one-third of animals because of unexpected immune responses to sheep antigens. For this reason, subsequent experiments were performed with Fischer rats under transient immunosuppression. Such experiments confirmed remarkably rapid and reliable healing of the defects in all rats, with bridging by 2 weeks and remodelling as early as 3-4 weeks, despite BMP-2 production only in nanogram quantities and persisting for only 1-3 weeks. By 8 weeks the healed defects contained well-organised new bone with advanced neo-cortication and abundant marrow. Bone mineral content and mechanical strength were close to normal values. These data demonstrate the utility of this model when adapting this technology for bone healing in sheep, as a prelude to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Liu
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,Collaborative Research Centre: AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - E. Ferreira
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,Collaborative Research Centre: AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - R.M. Porter
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,Collaborative Research Centre: AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - V. Glatt
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,Collaborative Research Centre: AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M. Schinhan
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Z. Shen
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,Collaborative Research Centre: AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M.A. Randolph
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C.A. Kirker-Head
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - C. Wehling
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,Ludwig Maximilan University Medical School, Munich, Germany
| | - M.S. Vrahas
- Collaborative Research Centre: AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C.H. Evans
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,Collaborative Research Centre: AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
,Address for correspondence: Dr Chris Evans, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Telephone Number: 1-507-255-0099,
| | - J.W. Wells
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,Collaborative Research Centre: AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
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32
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Ruiz-Ibán MA, Gonzalez-Lizán F, Diaz-Heredia J, Elías-Martin ME, Correa Gorospe C. Effect of VEGF-A165 addition on the integration of a cortical allograft in a tibial segmental defect in rabbits. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:1393-1400. [PMID: 24296989 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-bone segmental defects caused by infection, fracture, or tumour are a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Structural allografts are sometimes used in their treatment but their poor biological characteristics are a liability. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) to a structural allograft improved its integration into a rabbit tibial segmental defect in a non-union model. METHODS Tibial segmental defects were filled with heat sterilized allogenic tubular tibiae sections and then stabilized with a screw plate. In the VEGF treatment group (n = 6 tibiae), 2 μg of VEGF added to a 50 μl matrigel solution was inserted into the allograft cavity. In the control group (n = 6 tibiae), only matrigel was added. After 12 weeks, macroscopic and microscopic analysis, radiographs, and computerized micro-tomography (micro-CT) were performed. If allograft consolidation was present, a torsional resistance analysis was performed. RESULTS Addition of VEGF to the allograft decreased the rate of osteosynthesis failure compared with the control group (1/6 vs. 5/6, p = 0.08), increased trabecular continuity evaluated by micro-CT in the bone-allograft interphases (8/12 vs. 2/12, p = 0.036) and histological trabecular continuity (7/12 vs. 0/12, p = 0.0046). Full consolidation was observed in three tibiae of the VEGF group and one in the control group (differences not significant); however, torsional resistance showed no significant differences (n.s.). CONCLUSION Addition of VEGF to a structural allograph inserted into a rabbit tibial segmental defect increased allograft integration rate. Further research in this direction might help clinicians in dealing with large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Ruiz-Ibán
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Cta Colmenar Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fausto Gonzalez-Lizán
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Cta Colmenar Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Diaz-Heredia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Cta Colmenar Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Elías-Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Cta Colmenar Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Correa Gorospe
- Experimental Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Cta Colmenar Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
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Lakhan R, Baylink DJ, Lau KHW, Tang X, Sheng MHC, Rundle CH, Qin X. Local administration of AAV-DJ pseudoserotype expressing COX2 provided early onset of transgene expression and promoted bone fracture healing in mice. Gene Ther 2015; 22:721-8. [PMID: 25965395 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have previously obtained compelling proof-of-principle evidence for COX2 gene therapy for fracture repair using integrating retroviral vectors. For this therapy to be suitable for patient uses, a suitable vector with high safety profile must be used. Accordingly, this study sought to evaluate the feasibility of AAV as the vector for this COX2 gene therapy, because AAV raises less safety issues than the retroviral vectors used previously. However, an appropriate AAV serotype is required to provide early increase in and adequate level of COX2 expression that is needed for fracture repair. Herein, we reported that AAV-DJ, an artificial AAV pseudoserotype, is highly effective in delivering COX2 gene to fracture sites in a mouse femoral fracture model. Compared with AAV-2, the use of AAV-DJ led to ~5-fold increase in infectivity in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and provided an earlier and significantly higher level of transgene expression at the fracture site. Injection of this vector at a dose of 7.5 × 10(11) genomic copies led to high COX2 level at the fracture site on day 3 after injections and significantly promoted fracture union at 21 days, as analyzed by radiography and μ-CT. The therapeutic effect appears to involve enhanced osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs and remodeling of callus tissues to laminar bone. This interpretation is supported by the enhanced expression of several key genes participating in the fracture repair process. In conclusion, AAV-DJ is a promising serotype for the AAV-based COX2 gene therapy of fracture repair in humans.
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Nakamura T, Naruse M, Chiba Y, Komori T, Sasaki K, Iwamoto M, Fukumoto S. Novel hedgehog agonists promote osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:922-9. [PMID: 25215620 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) family members are involved in multiple cellular processes including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cell fate determination. Recently, the novel Hh agonists Hh-Ag 1.3 and 1.7 were identified in a high-throughput screening of small molecule compounds that activate the expression of Gli1, a target of Hh signaling. This study demonstrates that Hh-Ag 1.3 and 1.7 strongly activate the expression of endogenous Gli1 and promote osteoblast differentiation in the mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2. Both compounds stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity in a dose-dependent manner, and induced osteoblast marker gene expression in C3H10T1/2 cells, which indicated that they had acquired an osteoblast identity. Of the markers, the expression of osterix/Sp7, a downstream target of runt-related transcription factor (Runx)2, was induced by Hh-Ag 1.7, which also rescued the osteoblast differentiation defect of RD-127, a mesenchymal cell line from Runx2-deficient mice. Hh-Ags also activated canonical Wnt signaling and synergized with low doses of BMP-2 to enhance osteoblastic potential. Thus, Hh-Ag 1.7 could be useful for bone healing in individuals with abnormalities in osteogenesis, such as osteoporosis patients and the elderly, and can contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of bone fractures and defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Sendai, Japan; Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Yu X, Suárez-González D, Khalil AS, Murphy WL. How does the pathophysiological context influence delivery of bone growth factors? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:68-84. [PMID: 25453269 PMCID: PMC4401584 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
"Orthobiologics" represents an important category of therapeutics for the regeneration of bone defects caused by injuries or diseases, and bone growth factors are a particularly rapidly growing sub-category. Clinical application of bone growth factors has accelerated in the last two decades with the introduction of BMPs into clinical bone repair. Optimal use of growth factor-mediated treatments heavily relies on controlled delivery, which can substantially influence the local growth factor dose, release kinetics, and biological activity. The characteristics of the surrounding environment, or "context", during delivery can dictate growth factor loading efficiency, release and biological activity. This review discusses the influence of the surrounding environment on therapeutic delivery of bone growth factors. We specifically focus on pathophysiological components, including soluble components and cells, and how they can actively influence the therapeutic delivery and perhaps efficacy of bone growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Darilis Suárez-González
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrew S Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Curtin CM, Tierney EG, McSorley K, Cryan SA, Duffy GP, O'Brien FJ. Combinatorial gene therapy accelerates bone regeneration: non-viral dual delivery of VEGF and BMP2 in a collagen-nanohydroxyapatite scaffold. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:223-7. [PMID: 25125073 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization and bone repair are accelerated by a series of gene-activated scaffolds delivering both an angiogenic and an osteogenic gene. Stem cell-mediated osteogenesis in vitro, in addition to increased vascularization and bone repair by host cells in vivo, is enhanced using all systems while the use of the nanohydroxyapatite vector to deliver both genes markedly enhances bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Erica G. Tierney
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Kevin McSorley
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Garry P. Duffy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group; Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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Lee JM, Kim EA, Im GI. Healing of tibial and calvarial bone defect using Runx-2-transfected adipose stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-0070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Synergistic effect of Indian hedgehog and bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene transfer to increase the osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 4:105. [PMID: 24004723 PMCID: PMC3854715 DOI: 10.1186/scrt316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To stimulate healing of large bone defects research has concentrated on the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods In the present study, we induced the overexpression of the growth factors bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and/or Indian hedgehog (IHH) in human MSCs by adenoviral transduction to increase their osteogenic potential. GFP and nontransduced MSCs served as controls. The influence of the respective genetic modification on cell metabolic activity, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization in cell culture, and osteogenic marker gene expression was investigated. Results Transduction had no negative influence on cell metabolic activity or proliferation. ALP activity showed a typical rise-and-fall pattern with a maximal activity at day 14 and 21 after osteogenic induction. Enzyme activity was significantly higher in groups cultured with osteogenic media. The overexpression of BMP-2 and especially IHH + BMP-2 resulted in a significantly higher mineralization after 28 days. This was in line with obtained quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses, which showed a significant increase in osteopontin and osteocalcin expression for osteogenically induced BMP-2 and IHH + BMP-2 transduced cells when compared with the other groups. Moreover, an increase in runx2 expression was observed in all osteogenic groups toward day 21. It was again more pronounced for BMP-2 and IHH + BMP-2 transduced cells cultured in osteogenic media. Conclusions In summary, viral transduction did not negatively influence cell metabolic activity and proliferation. The overexpression of BMP-2 in combination with or without IHH resulted in an increased deposition of mineralized extracellular matrix, and expression of osteogenic marker genes. Viral transduction therefore represents a promising means to increase the osteogenic potential of MSCs and the combination of different transgenes may result in synergistic effects.
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Kaipel M, Schützenberger S, Hofmann AT, Ferguson J, Nau T, Redl H, Feichtinger GA. Evaluation of fibrin-based gene-activated matrices for BMP2/7 plasmid codelivery in a rat nonunion model. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:2607-13. [PMID: 25192687 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of large-segmental bone defects still is a challenge in clinical routine. Application of gene-activated matrices (GAMs) based on fibrin, bone morphogenic protein (BMP) 2/7 plasmids and nonviral transfection reagents (cationic polymers) could be an innovative treatment strategy to overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of fibrin GAMs with or without additional transfection reagents for BMP2 and 7 plasmid codelivery in a femur nonunion rat model. METHODS In this experimental study, a critical-sized femoral defect was created in 27 rats. At four weeks after the surgery, animals were separated into four groups and underwent a second operation. Fibrin clots containing BMP2/7 plasmids with and without cationic polymer were implanted into the femoral defect. Fibrin clots containing recombinant human (rh) BMP2 served as positive and clots without supplement as negative controls. RESULTS At eight weeks, animals that received GAMs containing the cationic polymer and BMP2/7 plasmids showed decreased bone volume compared with animals treated with GAMs and BMP2/7 only. Application of BMP2/7 plasmids in fibrin GAMs without cationic polymer led to variable results. Animals that received rhBMP2 protein showed increased bone volume, and osseous unions were achieved in two of six animals. CONCLUSIONS Cationic polymers decrease therapeutic efficiency of fibrin GAM-based BMP2/7 plasmid codelivery in bone regeneration. Nonviral gene transfer of BMP2/7 plasmids needs alternative promoters (e.g. by sonoporation, electroporation) to produce beneficial clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaipel
- Orthopaedic Department, Barmherzige Brüder Hospital, Johannes von Gott-Platz 1/A-7000, Eisenstadt, Austria,
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Arcos D, Boccaccini A, Bohner M, Díez-Pérez A, Epple M, Gómez-Barrena E, Herrera A, Planell J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Vallet-Regí M. The relevance of biomaterials to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1793-805. [PMID: 24418434 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease with a very high prevalence in humans older than 50. The main clinical consequences are bone fractures, which often lead to patient disability or even death. A number of commercial biomaterials are currently used to treat osteoporotic bone fractures, but most of these have not been specifically designed for that purpose. Many drug- or cell-loaded biomaterials have been proposed in research laboratories, but very few have received approval for commercial use. In order to analyze this scenario and propose alternatives to overcome it, the Spanish and European Network of Excellence for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporotic Fractures, "Ageing", was created. This network integrates three communities, e.g. clinicians, materials scientists and industrial advisors, tackling the same problem from three different points of view. Keeping in mind the premise "living longer, living better", this commentary is the result of the thoughts, proposals and conclusions obtained after one year working in the framework of this network.
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Ko JY, Park S, Im GI. Osteogenesis from human induced pluripotent stem cells: an in vitro and in vivo comparison with mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1788-97. [PMID: 24650103 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) against that of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs). Embryoid bodies (EBs), which were formed from undifferentiated hiPSCs, were dissociated into single cells and underwent osteogenic differentiation using the same medium as hBMMSCs for 14 days. Osteoinduced hiPSCs were implanted on the critical-size calvarial defects and long bone segmental defects in rats. The healing of defects was evaluated after 8 weeks and 12 weeks of implantation, respectively. Osteoinduced hiPSCs showed relatively lower and delayed in vitro expressions of the osteogenic marker COL1A1 and bone sialoprotein, as well as a weaker osteogenic differentiation through alkaline phosphatase staining and mineralization through Alizarin red staining compared with hBMMSCs. Calvarial defects treated with osteoinduced hiPSCs had comparable quality of new bone formation, including full restoration of bone width and robust formation of trabeculae, to those treated with hBMMSCs. Both osteoinduced hiPSCs and hBMMSCs persisted in regenerated bone after 8 weeks of implantation. In critical-size long bone segmental defects, osteoinduced hiPSC treatment also led to healing of segmental defects comparable to osteoinduced hBMMSC treatment after 12 weeks. In conclusion, despite delayed in vitro osteogenesis, hiPSCs have an in vivo osteogenic potential as good as hBMMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Ko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Fu Q, He C, Mao ZR. Epstein-Barr virus interactions with the Bcl-2 protein family and apoptosis in human tumor cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2013; 14:8-24. [PMID: 23303627 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human gammaherpesvirus carried by more than 90% of the world's population, is associated with malignant tumors such as Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoma, extra-nodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas in immune-compromised patients. In the process of infection, EBV faces challenges: the host cell environment is harsh, and the survival and apoptosis of host cells are precisely regulated. Only when host cells receive sufficient survival signals may they immortalize. To establish efficiently a lytic or long-term latent infection, EBV must escape the host cell immunologic mechanism and resist host cell apoptosis by interfering with multiple signaling pathways. This review details the apoptotic pathway disrupted by EBV in EBV-infected cells and describes the interactions of EBV gene products with host cellular factors as well as the function of these factors, which decide the fate of the host cell. The relationships between other EBV-encoded genes and proteins of the B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (Bcl) family are unknown. Still, EBV seems to contribute to establishing its own latency and the formation of tumors by modifying events that impact cell survival and proliferation as well as the immune response of the infected host. We discuss potential therapeutic drugs to provide a foundation for further studies of tumor pathogenesis aimed at exploiting novel therapeutic strategies for EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Raftery R, O’Brien FJ, Cryan SA. Chitosan for gene delivery and orthopedic tissue engineering applications. Molecules 2013; 18:5611-47. [PMID: 23676471 PMCID: PMC6270408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy involves the introduction of foreign genetic material into cells in order exert a therapeutic effect. The application of gene therapy to the field of orthopaedic tissue engineering is extremely promising as the controlled release of therapeutic proteins such as bone morphogenetic proteins have been shown to stimulate bone repair. However, there are a number of drawbacks associated with viral and synthetic non-viral gene delivery approaches. One natural polymer which has generated interest as a gene delivery vector is chitosan. Chitosan is biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic. Much of the appeal of chitosan is due to the presence of primary amine groups in its repeating units which become protonated in acidic conditions. This property makes it a promising candidate for non-viral gene delivery. Chitosan-based vectors have been shown to transfect a number of cell types including human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Aside from its use in gene delivery, chitosan possesses a range of properties that show promise in tissue engineering applications; it is biodegradable, biocompatible, has anti-bacterial activity, and, its cationic nature allows for electrostatic interaction with glycosaminoglycans and other proteoglycans. It can be used to make nano- and microparticles, sponges, gels, membranes and porous scaffolds. Chitosan has also been shown to enhance mineral deposition during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. The purpose of this review is to critically discuss the use of chitosan as a gene delivery vector with emphasis on its application in orthopedic tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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44
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Im GI. Nonviral gene transfer strategies to promote bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3009-18. [PMID: 23554051 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the inherent ability of bone to regenerate itself, there are a number of clinical situations in which complete bone regeneration fails to occur. In view of shortcomings of conventional treatment, gene therapy may have a place in cases of critical-size bone loss that cannot be properly treated with current medical or surgical treatment. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of gene therapy in general, nonviral techniques of gene transfer including physical and chemical methods, RNA-based therapy, therapeutic genes to be transferred for bone regeneration, route of application including ex vivo application, and direct gene therapy approaches to regenerate bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Korea
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Tierney EG, Duffy GP, Cryan SA, Curtin CM, O'Brien FJ. Non-viral gene-activated matrices: next generation constructs for bone repair. Organogenesis 2013; 9:22-8. [PMID: 23538777 DOI: 10.4161/org.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of producing enhanced therapeutics for regenerative medicine, our laboratory develops gene-activated matrices (GAMs) using non-viral gene therapy (GT) in combination with collagen-based scaffolds engineered specifically for tissue repair. Non-viral vectors have been referred to as a minority pursuit in GT but considering the concerns associated with viral vectors and as transient gene expression is such a key consideration, further research is clearly warranted for tissue engineering (TE) applications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well regarded for their capability in bone regeneration but as primary cells, they are difficult to transfect. We have recently optimised the non-viral vector, polyethyleneimine (PEI), to achieve high transfection efficiencies in MSCs. Subsequently, a series of PEI-based GAMs were developed using collagen, collagen-glycosaminoglycan and collagen-nanohydroxyapatite (collagen-nHa) scaffolds whereby transgene expression was detected up to 21 d with the collagen-nHa scaffold providing the most prolonged expression. Moreover, all PEI-based GAMs contained a low plasmid DNA dose of 2 µg which is far below doses often required in previous GAMs. Having successfully developed these GAMs, the ephrinB2 gene has recently been incorporated to produce a novel therapeutic GAM for bone repair. Herein, we discuss our recent investigations in the development and application of non-viral GAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica G Tierney
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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46
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Chernousova S, Klesing J, Soklakova N, Epple M. A genetically active nano-calcium phosphate paste for bone substitution, encoding the formation of BMP-7 and VEGF-A. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Gene delivery to bone is useful both as an experimental tool and as a potential therapeutic strategy. Among its advantages over protein delivery are the potential for directed, sustained and regulated expression of authentically processed, nascent proteins. Although no clinical trials have been initiated, there is a substantial pre-clinical literature documenting the successful transfer of genes to bone, and their intraosseous expression. Recombinant vectors derived from adenovirus, retrovirus and lentivirus, as well as non-viral vectors, have been used for this purpose. Both ex vivo and in vivo strategies, including gene-activated matrices, have been explored. Ex vivo delivery has often employed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), partly because of their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. MSCs also have the potential to home to bone after systemic administration, which could serve as a useful way to deliver transgenes in a disseminated fashion for the treatment of diseases affecting the whole skeleton, such as osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta. Local delivery of osteogenic transgenes, particularly those encoding bone morphogenetic proteins, has shown great promise in a number of applications where it is necessary to regenerate bone. These include healing large segmental defects in long bones and the cranium, as well as spinal fusion and treating avascular necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Evans
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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48
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Liu F, Porter RM, Wells J, Glatt V, Pilapil C, Evans CH. Evaluation of BMP-2 gene-activated muscle grafts for cranial defect repair. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1095-102. [PMID: 22213093 PMCID: PMC3349003 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Large, osseous, segmental defects heal poorly. Muscle has a propensity to form bone when exposed to an osteogenic stimulus such as that provided by transfer and expression of cDNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The present study evaluated the ability of genetically modified, autologous muscle to heal large cranial defects in rats. Autologous grafts (8 mm × 2 mm) were punched from the biceps femoris muscle and transduced intraoperatively with recombinant adenovirus vector containing human BMP-2 or green fluorescent protein cDNA. While the muscle biopsies were incubating with the vector, a central parietal 8 mm defect was surgically created in the calvarium of the same animal. The gene-activated muscle graft was then implanted into the cranial defect. After 8 weeks, crania were examined radiographically, histologically, and by micro-computed tomography and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Although none of the defects were completely healed in this time, muscle grafts expressing BMP-2 deposited more than twice as much new bone as controls. Histology confirmed the anatomical integrity of the newly formed bone, which was comparable in thickness and mineral density to the original cranial bone. This study confirms the in vivo osteogenic properties of genetically modified muscle and suggests novel strategies for healing bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Liu
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan M. Porter
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James Wells
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vaida Glatt
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carmencita Pilapil
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher H. Evans
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Collaborative Research Center, AO Foundation
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Rapid Heterotrophic Ossification with Cryopreserved Poly(ethylene glycol-) Microencapsulated BMP2-Expressing MSCs. Int J Biomater 2012; 2012:861794. [PMID: 22500171 PMCID: PMC3296315 DOI: 10.1155/2012/861794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous bone grafting is the most effective treatment for long-bone nonunions, but it poses considerable risks to donors, necessitating the development of alternative therapeutics. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microencapsulation and BMP2 transgene delivery are being developed together to induce rapid bone formation. However, methods to make these treatments available for clinical applications are presently lacking. In this study we used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their ease of harvest, replication potential, and immunomodulatory capabilities. MSCs were from sheep and pig due to their appeal as large animal models for bone nonunion. We demonstrated that cryopreservation of these microencapsulated MSCs did not affect their cell viability, adenoviral BMP2 production, or ability to initiate bone formation. Additionally, microspheres showed no appreciable damage from cryopreservation when examined with light and electron microscopy. These results validate the use of cryopreservation in preserving the viability and functionality of PEG-encapsulated BMP2-transduced MSCs.
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50
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Srouji S, Ben-David D, Fromigué O, Vaudin P, Kuhn G, Müller R, Livne E, Marie PJ. Lentiviral-Mediated Integrin α5 Expression in Human Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promotes Bone Repair in Mouse Cranial and Long-Bone Defects. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:167-72. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Srouji
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Carmel Medical Center, 32000 Haifa, Israel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror Ben-David
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Olivia Fromigué
- Laboratory of Osteoblast Biology and Pathology, Inserm U606, Paris, F-75475 France
- UMR 606, University Paris Diderot, Paris, F-75475 France
| | - Pascal Vaudin
- Inserm U966, Paris, F-75475 France
- University of Tours, Tours, F-37032 France
| | - Gisela Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erella Livne
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Pierre J. Marie
- Laboratory of Osteoblast Biology and Pathology, Inserm U606, Paris, F-75475 France
- UMR 606, University Paris Diderot, Paris, F-75475 France
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