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Chen N, Liu Y, Bai T, Chen J, Zhao Z, Li J, Shao B, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhu Z. Quercetin Inhibits Hsp70 Blocking of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection and Replication in the Early Stage of Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112365. [PMID: 36366463 PMCID: PMC9692758 DOI: 10.3390/v14112365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a positive-strand RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus in the Flaviviridae family, is the causative agent of viral diarrheal disease in bovine. BVDV has been used as a surrogate model for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral drugs. The plant flavonol quercetin causes multiple health-promoting effects in humans and animals. It can be made into a variety of additives, and it exerts a variety of immunomodulatory effects with the potential to be used as an antiviral agent. However, quercetin's antiviral effect and mechanism of action on BVDV are still unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate quercetin's effect on BVDV virus replication in vitro and in vivo and elucidate its mechanism of action. A CCK-8 kit was used to analyze the toxicity of the quercetin to the MDBK cells. Western blot, qRT-PCR, TCID50, and histological analysis were used to determine the mechanism of quercetin's anti-BVDV activity. An oxidative stress kit was used to evaluate the effects of quercetin on ROS, antioxidant enzymes, and MDA indexes. The effect of quercetin on IL-2 and IFN-γ in the serum of mice was determined by using an ELISA kit. The results showed that quercetin inhibits Hsp70, blocks BVDV infection in the early stage of virus infection and inhibits BVDV replication by inhibiting oxidative stress or ERK phosphorylation. In addition, quercetin alleviated the decrease in IFN-γ and IL-2 in the serum of BVDV-infected mice. Quercetin ameliorated BVDV-induced histopathological changes. In summary, this study demonstrated for the first time the role of Hsp70 in BVDV infection and the potential application of quercetin in treating BVDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tongtong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Baihui Shao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence:
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Newman RA, Chase CCL, Matos JR, Abdelsalam K, Buterbaugh R, Van Holland S, Abdelaal H, Woolum A, Jagannadha Sastry K. Efficacy of oleandrin and PBI-05204 against bovine viruses of importance to commercial cattle health. Antivir Chem Chemother 2022; 30:20402066221103960. [PMID: 35611441 PMCID: PMC9136442 DOI: 10.1177/20402066221103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). and bovine coronavirus (BCV) threaten the productivity of cattle worldwide. Development of therapeutics that can control the spread of these viruses is an unmet need. The present research was designed to explore the in vitro antiviral activity of the Nerium oleander derived cardiac glycoside oleandrin and a defined N. oleander plant extract (PBI-05204) containing oleandrin. Methods Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells, Bovine Turbinate (BT) cells, and Human Rectal Tumor-18 (HRT-18) cells were used as in vitro culture systems for BVDV, BRSV and BCV, respectively. Cytotoxicity was established using serial dilutions of oleandrin or PBI-05204. Noncytotoxic concentrations of each drug were used either prior to or at 12 h and 24 h following virus exposure to corresponding viruses. Infectious virus titers were determined following each treatment. Results Both oleandrin as well as PBI-05204 demonstrated strong antiviral activity against BVDV, BRSV, and BCV, in a dose-dependent manner, when added prior to or following infection of host cells. Determination of viral loads by PCR demonstrated a concentration dependent decline in virus replication. Importantly, the relative ability of virus produced from treated cultures to infect new host cells was reduced by as much as 10,000-fold at noncytotoxic concentrations of oleandrin or PBI-05204. Conclusions The research demonstrates the potency of oleandrin and PBI-05204 to inhibit infectivity of three important enveloped bovine viruses in vitro. These data showing non-toxic concentrations of oleandrin inhibiting infectivity of three bovine viruses support further investigation of in vivo antiviral efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Newman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc., San Antonio, TX 78217, USA
| | - Christopher C L Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 2019South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.,RTI, LLC, Brookings SD 57006, USA
| | - Jose R Matos
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.,Innovar, LLC, Plano, TX 75025, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Amelia Woolum
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Departments of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Veterinary Sciences, 4002The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Alling CR, Liu CC, Langohr IM, Haque M, Carter RT, Baker RE, Lewin AC. Assessment of Cidofovir for Treatment of Ocular Bovine Herpesvirus-1 Infection in Cattle Using an Ex-Vivo Model. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102102. [PMID: 34696532 PMCID: PMC8540818 DOI: 10.3390/v13102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) infection contributes to keratoconjunctivitis, respiratory disease, and reproductive losses in cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the most appropriate ophthalmic antiviral agent for BoHV-1 inhibition using in-vitro culture and novel ex-vivo bovine corneal modeling. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of BoHV-1 were determined for cidofovir, ganciclovir, idoxuridine, and trifluridine via in-vitro plaque reduction assays. In-vitro cytotoxicity was compared amongst these compounds via luciferase assays. Trifluridine and cidofovir were the most potent BoHV-1 inhibitors in vitro, while trifluridine and idoxuridine were the most cytotoxic agents. Therefore, cidofovir was the most potent non-cytotoxic agent and was employed in the ex-vivo corneal assay. Corneoscleral rings (n = 36) from fresh cadaver bovine globes were harvested and equally divided into an uninfected, untreated control group; a BoHV-1-infected, untreated group; and a BoHV-1-infected, cidofovir-treated group. Virus isolation for BoHV-1 titers was performed from corneal tissue and liquid media. Histologic measurements of corneal thickness, epithelial cell density, and tissue organization were compared between groups. Substantial BoHV-1 replication was observed in infected, untreated corneas, but BoHV-1 titer was significantly reduced in cidofovir-treated (1.69 ± 0.08 × 103 PFU/mL) versus untreated (8.25 ± 0.25 × 105 PFU/mL, p < 0.0001) tissues by day 2 of culture. No significant differences in histologic criteria were observed between groups. In conclusion, cidofovir warrants further investigation as treatment for BoHV-1 keratoconjunctivitis, with future studies needed to assess in-vivo tolerability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Alling
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.R.A.); (C.-C.L.); (R.T.C.); (R.E.B.)
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.R.A.); (C.-C.L.); (R.T.C.); (R.E.B.)
| | - Ingeborg M. Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (I.M.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Muzammel Haque
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (I.M.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Renee T. Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.R.A.); (C.-C.L.); (R.T.C.); (R.E.B.)
| | - Rose E. Baker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.R.A.); (C.-C.L.); (R.T.C.); (R.E.B.)
| | - Andrew C. Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.R.A.); (C.-C.L.); (R.T.C.); (R.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Fernández GA, Castro EF, Rosas RA, Fidalgo DM, Adler NS, Battini L, España de Marco MJ, Fabiani M, Bruno AM, Bollini M, Cavallaro LV. Design and Optimization of Quinazoline Derivatives: New Non-nucleoside Inhibitors of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Front Chem 2020; 8:590235. [PMID: 33425849 PMCID: PMC7793975 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.590235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the Pestivirus genus (Flaviviridae). In spite of the availability of vaccines, the virus is still causing substantial financial losses to the livestock industry. In this context, the use of antiviral agents could be an alternative strategy to control and reduce viral infections. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is essential for the replication of the viral genome and constitutes an attractive target for the identification of antiviral compounds. In a previous work, we have identified potential molecules that dock into an allosteric binding pocket of BVDV RdRp via a structure-based virtual screening approach. One of them, N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-phenylquinazolin-4-amine [1, 50% effective concentration (EC50) = 9.7 ± 0.5 μM], was selected to perform different chemical modifications. Among 24 derivatives synthesized, eight of them showed considerable antiviral activity. Molecular modeling of the most active compounds showed that they bind to a pocket located in the fingers and thumb domains in BVDV RdRp, which is different from that identified for other non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs) such as thiosemicarbazone (TSC). We selected compound 2-[4-(2-phenylquinazolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanol (1.9; EC50 = 1.7 ± 0.4 μM) for further analysis. Compound 1.9 was found to inhibit the in vitro replication of TSC-resistant BVDV variants, which carry the N264D mutation in the RdRp. In addition, 1.9 presented adequate solubility in different media and a high-stability profile in murine and bovine plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana F Castro
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío A Rosas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela M Fidalgo
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Adler
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Battini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria J España de Marco
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matias Fabiani
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Bruno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia V Cavallaro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wathes DC, Oguejiofor CF, Thomas C, Cheng Z. Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2020; 6:26-33. [PMID: 32288965 PMCID: PMC7104734 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. The ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. There is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. These effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. This paper reviews the evidence relating to five viruses that can affect fertility, together with their potential mechanisms of action. Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. BVDV infections closer to the time of breeding can have direct effects on the ovaries and uterine endometrium, which cause estrous cycle irregularities and early embryo mortality. Fertility may also be reduced by BVDV-induced immunosuppression, which increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 is most common in pre-pubertal heifers, and can slow their growth, delay breeding, and increase the age at first calving. Previously infected animals subsequently show reduced fertility. Although this may be associated with lung damage, ovarian lesions have also been reported. Both BHV-1 and BHV-4 remain latent in the host following initial infection and may be reactivated later by stress, for example associated with calving and early lactation. While BHV-4 infection alone may not reduce fertility, it appears to act as a co-factor with established bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes to promote the development of endometritis and delay uterine repair mechanisms after calving. Both Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are transmitted by insect vectors and lead to increased abortion rates and congenital malformations. BTV-8 also impairs the development of hatched blastocysts; furthermore, infection around the time of breeding with either virus appears to reduce conception rates. Although the reductions in conception rates are often difficult to quantify, they are nevertheless sufficient to cause economic losses, which help to justify the benefits of vaccination and eradication schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chike F Oguejiofor
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
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