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de Freitas DS, Lopes GADG, Nascimento BR, Madureira AP, Campos-Junior PHA. C is-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid gastric administration during the pregestational and gestational periods does not influence the follicular endowment of the progeny. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20220124. [PMID: 37795199 PMCID: PMC10546913 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal programming suggests that maternal stimulation and nutrition during the period of fetal development can program the progeny. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), an isomer of linoleic acid, has been characterized in several aspects, but few studies have been performed on its involvement in reproduction and fetal programming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the F1, F2 and F3 progeny of female mice supplemented with CLA during the pregestational and gestational periods with respect to biometric and reproductive parameters, as well as ovarian morphophysiology. The F1 progeny of mothers supplemented with CLA exhibited stable weight gain, while the F2 progeny showed no effects (P=0.0187 and P=0.0245, respectively). A reduction in Lee's Index was observed in both generations at the second post-weaning evaluation week in the animals treated with CLA (P=0.0100 and P=0.0078, respectively). The F2 generation showed an increase in the anogenital index in both sexes of the animals treated with CLA (P= 0.0114 and P<0.0001, female and male respectively). CLA administration to mothers did not affect any of the following in their progeny: ovarian follicle mobilization (P>0.05), follicle number (P>0.05) and the integrated density of the lipid content of oocytes included in antral follicles (P>0.05). This study evaluated the use of CLA in mothers and found that it did not affect the progeny regarding murine reproductive performance, suggesting that this supplement can be used safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Storino de Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Reprodução e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Barbara Rodrigues Nascimento
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Reprodução e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Madureira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Reprodução e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, Brasil
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Roszkos R, Tóth T, Bazar G, Fébel H, Mézes M. Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on oxidative stress parameters and sex hormone levels of modern genotype sows. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:191-202. [PMID: 36508581 PMCID: PMC9856994 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sows are exposed to severe stress and hormonal challenges during their whole productive life. As polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important role in immune and reproductive functions, with a better understanding of their role in breeding sows' nutrition, improved performance and more sustainable pig production can be achieved. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the antioxidant status and hormone levels of sows. METHODS A total of 48 Danish Large white × Danish Landrace sows were supplemented either with sunflower oil (SO) as a control group or with fish oil (FO) as experimental group at the same dose of 10 g/kg feed. Blood samples were collected on day 14 of lactation, 5 days after weaning (insemination), and 30 days after insemination. To estimate antioxidant and reproductive effects, the amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), serum 17β oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto PGF1α) levels were investigated. RESULTS FO-based supplementation increased GPx activity on day 14 of lactation. Five days after weaning, the concentration of GSH in FO-fed sows was significantly higher than that in SO-fed sows. The E2 content of blood was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group for two of the three examined periods (day 14 of lactation and 30 days after insemination), whereas P4 levels were significantly higher in the experimental group 5 days after weaning. We found that 6-keto PGF1α levels were systematically lower in the experimental group throughout the trial. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of the major impact of omega-6 and -3 fatty acids on the tested hormone levels, which serve as precursors for the production of E2 and P4 but have an opposite effect on PGF2α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Roszkos
- Department of Feed SafetyInstitute of Physiology and NutritionHungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesGödöllőHungary
| | - Tamás Tóth
- ADEXGO Ltd.BalatonfüredHungary,Agricultural and Food Research CentreSzéchenyi István UniversityGyőrHungary
| | | | - Hedvig Fébel
- Nutrition Physiology Research GroupInstitute of Physiology and NutritionHungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesHerceghalomHungary
| | - Miklós Mézes
- Department of Feed SafetyInstitute of Physiology and NutritionHungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesGödöllőHungary
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Todini L, Malfatti A, Mughetti L, Acuti G, Barbato O, Beghelli D, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Blood thyroid hormones, insulin and leptin, metabolites and enzymes in transition dairy ewes, as affected by dietary linseed and physiological stage. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:47-56. [PMID: 35863140 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary linseed and physiological state on blood concentrations of some metabolic hormones and indicators, in transition dairy ewes. From 21 d before lambing to 60 d post-partum, ewes were provided with one of three isoenergetic and iso‑nitrogenous pelleted concentrates, without (CTR, n = 21), or with 100 (EL-10, n = 22) or 200 g/kg (EL-20, n = 22) of extruded linseed. Animals were fed alfalfa hay ad libitum and had access to mixed pasture. Plasma thyroid hormones and insulin concentrations were not affected by diet and significantly changed by time. The last week of pregnancy T3 (2.27 ± 0.15 ng/mL) and T4 (102.63 ± 2.85 ng/mL) were lower than at 4 weeks before lambing (T3: 3.27 ± 0.27 ng/mL; T4: 125.89 ± 2.63 ng/mL). After lambing, T3 rose to be highest at 4 and 8 weeks of lactation (3.41 ± 0.22). Mean insulin peaked 2 weeks after lambing (0.31 ± 0.02 ng/mL) vs. late pregnancy (0.22 ± 0.01 ng/mL) and progressing lactation (0.18 ± 0.01 ng/mL). Plasma Leptin concentration (2.43 ± 0.03 ng/mL) was not affected by diet nor time. All the blood metabolites and enzymes investigated showed significant time x treatment interaction. Differences of several haematological parameters were found in EL vs. CTR (cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, bilirubin, ALP, ALT), however, in most cases the values were fairly within the reference physiological ranges. Metabolic hormones are confirmed to be mainly linked to the different physiological states, energy intake and variations of energy balance, without clear effects by different sources of energy and quality of dietary lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Todini
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Malfatti
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Laura Mughetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | - Olimpia Barbato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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In vitro embryo production from early antral follicles of goats fed with a whole full-fat linseed based diet. ZYGOTE 2021; 30:194-199. [PMID: 34530946 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to use an in vitro follicle culture (IVFC) biotechnique as a tool to evaluate the influence of whole flaxseed as a feed supplementation in the diet on the in vitro development of caprine early antral follicles (EAFs) and further embryo production. In total, 18 adult goats were homogeneously allocated into two diet groups: Control and Flaxseed. EAFs from both experimental groups (300-400 µm) were isolated and cultured in vitro for 18 days. After IVFC, recovered cumulus-oocyte complexes were submitted to in vitro maturation, and subsequently to IVF and in vitro embryo culture. The endpoints evaluated were follicular growth and morphology, oocyte recovery rate and diameter, sperm penetration, pronuclei formation, embryo development, and estradiol production. The addition of the whole flaxseed in the diet did not affect (P > 0.05) follicular growth and diameter. A higher (P < 0.05) percentage of oocytes ≥ 110 µm was recovered from the flaxseed treatment. However, the sperm penetration rate was higher (P < 0.05) in the control treatment when compared with the flaxseed treatment, but no differences were found regarding the rate of fertilization nor cleaved embryos. In conclusion, dietary flaxseed increased the recovery rate of fully grown oocytes, but it did negatively affect the sperm penetration rate, even though there was no further effect on the cleavage rate.
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Ababakri R, Dayani O, Khezri A, Naserian A. Effects of extruded flaxseed and dietary rumen undegradable
protein on reproductive traits and the blood metabolites
in Baluchi ewes. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/139153/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hennessy AA, Kenny DA, Byrne CJ, Childs S, Ross RP, Devery R, Stanton C. Fatty acid concentration of plasma, muscle, adipose and liver from beef heifers fed an encapsulated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement. Animal 2020; 15:100039. [PMID: 33516004 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the content of polyunsaturated fat in the human diet is a priority for reducing cardiovascular disease and cancer risks. Beef has the potential to contribute to the polyunsaturated fat content in the human diet; however, ruminants cannot synthesise many long-chain fatty acids de novo; they require dietary supplementation. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate (i) the effect of a partially rumen protected n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) dietary supplement on the fatty acid composition of muscle (Longissimus dorsi), adipose and liver tissues of beef heifers and (ii) the usefulness of blood plasma as a predictor of tissue concentrations of specific fatty acids. Charolais crossbred heifers (n = 20) were assigned to one of two isolipid dietary treatments namely palmitic acid (control) or an n-3 LC-PUFA supplement for a 91-day period. Blood plasma and adipose tissue samples were taken to determine the temporal effect of these diets on fatty acid composition (days 0, 10, 35 and 91), while liver and muscle samples were taken following slaughter. Dietary lipid source did not influence animal growth rate or body condition score. At day 91, the percentage differences between control and n-3 LC-PUFA heifers in concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid were +61, +176 and +133 % in liver, muscle and adipose, respectively. For docosahexaenoic acid, at the same time point, the percentage differences were +57, +73 and +138 % for liver, muscle and adipose, respectively. Medium-to-strong positive correlation coefficients were evident for liver and plasma fatty acids, in particular, there were positive relationships with concentrations of total saturated fatty acid (SFA), total n-6 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA. This trend also extended to both the ratio of PUFA to SFA (slope (β1) = 0.56 ± 0.167, intercept (β0) = 0.56, R2 = 0.61, P < 0.05) and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA (β1 = 0.15 ± 0.054, β0 = 0.24, R2 = 0.52, P < 0.05). A strong correlation was also detected in the ratio of n-6 to n-3 in plasma and muscle tissue of heifers fed the n-3 LC-PUFA diet (β1 = 0.53 ± 0.089, β0 = -0.31, R2 = 0.83, P < 0.001). The results of this study show that the n-3 LC-PUFA can be readily increased through targeted supplementation and that plasma concentrations of n-3 LC-PUFA are useful predictors of their concentrations in a number of economically important tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hennessy
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58, Ireland
| | - D A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland.
| | - C J Byrne
- Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - S Childs
- Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland; Animal Production Research Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway H65 R718, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - R Devery
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58, Ireland
| | - C Stanton
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
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Effect of dietary supplementation of palm kernel cake on ovarian and hepatic function in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 204:76-85. [PMID: 30935774 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To determine the optimal inclusion amount of palm kernel cake (PKC) in a buffalo diet, in the present study there was evaluation of the ovarian activity, metabolism and hepatic function of females that were treated to synchronize the time of ovulation. Twenty-four estrous-cyclic and non-lactating Murrah buffalo with a mean age of 5.7 years were supplemented with 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% of their body weight (BW) with PKC. Animals were subjected to the Ovsynch protocol (beginning of protocol = D0). The ovaries were examined and the blood was collected on D10 (follicular phase) and D17 (luteal phase). Follicular and luteal development and serum progesterone concentrations were not affected by diet (P > 0.05). Serum concentrations of cholesterol were greater in animals supplemented with PKC in amounts at 0.5% of BW or less with PKC, regardless of the phase of the estrous cycles when evaluations occurred (P < 0.05). Concentrations of HDL-cholesterol were similar (P > 0.05) during the follicular and luteal phases. Triglyceride concentrations increased linearly (P = 0.03) as percentage of PKC inclusion diets increased during the follicular phase, but were similar in the luteal phase (60.0 mg/dL; P = 0.51). Amount of PKC supplementation did not affect the concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, but there was a greater amount of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) during both phases of the estrous cycle (P < 0.05). Animals supplemented at 1.0% of BW with PKC had greater AST and GGT concentrations than what is recommended for buffalo. The results of the present study indicate PKC supplementation of buffalo diets does not affect the development of the ovarian follicle and corpus luteum nor the peripheral concentration of progesterone, even though there are greater serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Because the amount of PKC supplementation in the present study does not result in hepatic dysfunction when fed at the 0.5% of BW amount, it is suggested that this agro-industrial byproduct of high nutritional value may be a new alternative for dietary supplementation of grazing buffalo.
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Doyle D, Lonergan P, Diskin M, Pierce K, Kelly A, Stanton C, Waters S, Parr M, Kenny D. Effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and post-insemination plane of nutrition on systemic concentrations of metabolic analytes, progesterone, hepatic gene expression and embryo development and survival in beef heifers. Theriogenology 2019; 127:102-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Verma AK, Mahla AS, Chaudhari RK, Singh AK, Khatti A, Singh SK, Dutta N, Singh G, Sarkar M, Kumar H, Yadav D, Krishnaswamy N. Effect of different levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids rich fish oil supplementation on the ovarian and endometrial functions in the goat (Capra hircus). Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Mohammadi Z, Shahir M, Vazirigohar M, Mansouryar M. Effects of short-term feeding of different sources of fatty acids in pre-mating diets on reproductive performance and blood metabolites of fat-tailed Iranian Afshari ewes. Theriogenology 2018; 113:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mahla AS, Chaudhari RK, Verma AK, Singh AK, Singh SK, Singh G, Sarkar M, Dutta N, Kumar H, Krishnaswamy N. Effect of dietary supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich fish oil on reproductive performance of the goat ( Capra hircus ). Theriogenology 2017; 99:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Karcol J, Kasarda R, Šimko M, Hanušovský O. The effect of dha omega-3 feeding in the high yielding holstein herd. POTRAVINARSTVO 2017. [DOI: 10.5219/801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of supplementary feeding of DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) rich algae product (Algae STM Alltech Inc.) on production of milk, fat and protein as well as on reproduction of high yielding Holstein dairy herd. Field trial was set up on Top 10 dairy farm in western part of Slovakia, under commercial conditions. The data of high yielding dairy cows, separated in two groups of 30 (control) and 29 (trial) animals, were recorded for period of 3 subsequent months from October to December 2015. Animals were fed once a day Total Mixed Ration based diet with different feed mixture composition in trial group (+100 g Algae STM Alltech Inc. per cow and day). Performance data were collected in accordance with official milk recording system of Breeding Services of Slovak Republic s. e. and milk samples were collected once per month according to the A4 standard methodology. The control group showed higher level of milk production compared to trial. Our study indicated that the feeding of algae caused milk fat depression and generally lower protein content in milk. Significant impact of algae feeding was found also for the level of urea in milk. In addition, the supplementary feeding of DHA may represent effective strategy to increase the percentage of pregnancies per inseminations in lactating dairy cows.
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13
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Managing the reproductive performance of beef cows. Theriogenology 2016; 86:379-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cordeiro MB, Peres MS, de Souza JM, Gaspar P, Barbiere F, Sá Filho MF, Filho MM, Dinardi RN, Nogueira GP, Mesquita FS, Pugliesi G, Martins T, Binelli M, Membrive CM. Supplementation with sunflower seed increases circulating cholesterol concentrations and potentially impacts on the pregnancy rates in Bos indicus beef cattle. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1461-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Fernandes CCL, Feltrin C, Martins LT, Gaudêncio Neto S, Aguiar LH, Silva AM, Oliveira CHA, Silva LM, Silva CMG, Bertolini M, Rondina D. Goat oocyte quality and competence to undergo IVM and embryo development after parthenogenetic activation from goats fed with different levels of cashew nut bran as source of dietary lipids. Theriogenology 2014; 82:332-7. [PMID: 24853280 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-rich and energy-dense diets can have significant effects on the reproductive physiology, including the ovarian function and fertility. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cashew nut bran supplementation as a lipid source on follicle development, plasma and intrafollicular concentrations of cholesterol, and developmental competence of in vitro-matured goat oocytes. The inclusion of cashew nut bran as 24% of the goats' diet for 28 days increased the percentage and number of degenerated oocytes compared with the control (P < 0.05), and also the plasma cholesterol levels and the proportion of grade IV oocytes compared with all other treatments (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant reduction was observed in the proportion of viable oocytes compared with the control and in the percentage of grade II oocytes compared with all other treatments (P < 0.05). Oocyte maturation, cleavage, and blastocyst rates after parthenogenetic activation of viable oocytes were not affected by the type of diet. In conclusion, the inclusion of cashew nut bran as 24% of the diet of adult goats for 28 days changed plasma cholesterol levels and reduced the proportion of viable immature oocytes; however, the 12% and 24% diet supplementations with cashew nut bran did not interfere with competence of resulting viable oocytes to reach the metaphase II stage after IVM, and to develop after parthenogenetic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C L Fernandes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - C Feltrin
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - L T Martins
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - S Gaudêncio Neto
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - L H Aguiar
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A M Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - C H A Oliveira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - L M Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - C M G Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M Bertolini
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Laboratory, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - D Rondina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Abstract
A reproductively efficient beef cow herd is fundamental to meeting the protein and specifically, red meat demand of an ever increasing global population. However, attaining a high level of reproductive efficiency is underpinned by producers being cognisant of and achieving many key targets throughout the production cycle and requires significant technical competency. The lifetime productivity of the beef bred female commences from the onset of puberty and will be dictated by subsequent critical events including age at first calving, duration of the postpartum interval for each successive calving, conception and pregnancy rate and ultimately manifested as length of intercalving intervals and number of calves weaned over her lifetime. Puberty in heifers is a consequence of the interactive effects of genetics and both pre- and post-weaning nutrition. Early onset of puberty is essential to achieving the first main reproductive target for beef cow herds; first calving at 2 years of age. In calved heifers and mature cows, the onset of ovarian activity, postpartum is a key event dictating the calving interval. Again, this will be the product mainly of prepartum nutrition, manifested through body condition and the strength of the maternal bond between cow and calf, though there is increasing evidence of a modest genetic influence on this trait. Following the initiation of postpartum ovarian cyclicity, conception and subsequent pregnancy rate is generally a function of bull fertility in natural service herds and heat detection and timing of insemination in herds bred through artificial insemination. Cows and heifers should be maintained on a steady plane of nutrition during the breeding season, but the contribution of significant excesses or deficiencies of nutrients including protein and trace elements is likely to be minor where adequate pasture is available. While, increased efforts are being made internationally to genetically identify and select for more reproductively efficient beef cows, this is a more long-term strategy and will not replace the need for a high level of technical efficiency and management practice at farm level.
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17
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Leroy JLMR, Sturmey RG, Van Hoeck V, De Bie J, McKeegan PJ, Bols PEJ. Dietary fat supplementation and the consequences for oocyte and embryo quality: hype or significant benefit for dairy cow reproduction? Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:353-61. [PMID: 24697981 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In many countries, fat supplementation in the diet has become common in the dairy industry. There are several ideas as to how dietary fat could influence reproductive performance. Saturated fatty acids, such as palm oil, can increase milk yield but may aggravate negative energy balance and thus may impair fertility when fed during the first week post-partum. However, priming the lipid oxidation in the liver by feeding saturated fats during the dry period has recently been shown to be a potentially promising strategy to mitigate fat mobilization and liver accumulation post-partum. Furthermore, polyunsaturated fats (omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids) are fed to reduce the 'de novo' fat synthesis in the udder and thus the milk fat content, which may be of modest benefit for overall energy balance. Furthermore, omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are reported to alter follicular growth, steroid synthesis and prostaglandin metabolism in the ovary and endometrium, respectively. Omega-6 fatty acids are believed to have pro-inflammatory and thus PGF2α-stimulating properties rendering them extra value as 'nutraceutical' early post-partum, while omega-3 fatty acids can weaken this inflammatory potency, leading to a higher chance of survival of the embryo when supplemented during the periconceptual period. Unfortunately, research results rarely provide a consensus in this perspective. The consequences of these fat-feeding strategies on oocyte and embryo quality remain an intriguing issue for debate. Fat feeding may alter the microenvironment of the growing and maturing oocyte of the early and older embryo and thus may affect reproductive outcome. We recently reported that dietary-induced hyperlipidaemic conditions can be harmful for embryo development and metabolism. However, to date, research results remain somewhat conflicting most probably due to differences in fat sources used, in diet and duration of supplementation and in experimental set-up in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Killeen AP, Morris DG, Kenny DA, Mullen MP, Diskin MG, Waters SM. Global gene expression in endometrium of high and low fertility heifers during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:234. [PMID: 24669966 PMCID: PMC3986929 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In both beef and dairy cattle, the majority of early embryo loss occurs within the first 14 days following insemination. During this time-period, embryos are completely dependent on their maternal uterine environment for development, growth and ultimately survival, therefore an optimum uterine environment is critical to their survival. The objective of this study was to investigate whether differences in endometrial gene expression during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle exist between crossbred beef heifers ranked as either high (HF) or low fertility (LF) (following four rounds of artificial insemination (AI)) using the Affymetrix® 23 K Bovine Gene Chip. RESULTS Conception rates for each of the four rounds of AI were within a normal range: 70-73.3%. Microarray analysis of endometrial tissue collected on day 7 of the estrous cycle detected 419 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between HF (n = 6) and LF (n = 6) animals. The main gene pathways affected were, cellular growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, cellular and tissue morphology and development, inflammation and metabolic exchange. DEG included, FST, SLC45A2, MMP19, FADS1 and GALNT6. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights, some of the molecular mechanisms potentially controlling uterine endometrial function during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle, which may contribute to uterine endometrial mediated impaired fertility in cattle. Differentially expressed genes are potential candidate genes for the identification of genetic variation influencing cow fertility, which may be incorporated into future breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sinéad M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland.
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Fair S, Doyle D, Diskin M, Hennessy A, Kenny D. The effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation of rams on semen quality and subsequent quality of liquid stored semen. Theriogenology 2014; 81:210-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Feed allowance and maternal backfat levels during gestation influence maternal cortisol levels, milk fat composition and offspring growth. J Nutr Sci 2013; 2:e1. [PMID: 25191557 PMCID: PMC4153285 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2012.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fetal and early postnatal environment can have a long-term influence on offspring growth. Using a pig model, we investigated the effects of maternal body condition (thin or fat) and maternal gestation feeding level (restricted, control or high) on maternal stress, milk composition, litter size, piglet birth weight and pre-weaning growth. A total of sixty-eight thin (backfat depth about 8 mm) and seventy-two fat (backfat depth about 12 mm) gilts were selected at about 22 weeks. This backfat difference was then accentuated nutritionally up to service at about 32 weeks. During gestation, individual gilts from within each group were randomly allocated to a gestation diet at the following feed allowances: 1·8 kg/d (restricted); 2·5 kg/d (control) and 3·5 kg/d (high) until day 90 of gestation. During gestation restricted gilts had higher levels of cortisol than high and control fed animals. Piglets born to fat gilts had higher average daily gain during the lactation period and higher weaning weights at day 28 than piglets born to thin gilts. Gilts on a high feed level had heavier piglets than those provided with restricted and control allocations. Fat gilts had less saturated fat in their milk at day 21 of lactation and higher unsaturated fat levels. No differences were found in the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio in the milk between thin and fat gilts. In conclusion, maternal body condition influenced the daily weight gain of offspring up to weaning (day 28) and milk fat composition. Furthermore, maternal feed level during gestation alters maternal cortisol levels and milk fat composition.
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Hutchinson I, Hennessy A, Dewhurst R, Evans A, Lonergan P, Butler S. The effect of strategic supplementation with trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on the milk production, estrous cycle characteristics, and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:2442-51. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gulliver C, Friend M, King B, Clayton E. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in reproduction of sheep and cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 131:9-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wilsher S, Allen WR. Intrauterine administration of plant oils inhibits luteolysis in the mare. Equine Vet J 2011; 43:99-105. [PMID: 21143640 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING THE STUDY The maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) signal in the mare has not been determined, although oestrogens have been proposed as a potential candidate. OBJECTIVES To determine effects of intrauterine administration of oestrogen and various oils on cyclic luteolysis in the mare. HYPOTHESIS Intrauterine oestradiol or fatty acids may suppress luteolysis in the cycling mare when administered during late dioestrus. METHODS A single 1 ml dose of slow-release oestradiol (10 mg/ml) in fractionated coconut oil was infused into the uterine lumen of cycling mares on Days 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14 post ovulation (n=12 in each group). Four further groups, each of 12 mares, received an intrauterine infusion of either 1 ml of fractionated coconut oil, peanut oil, mineral oil or a slow-release preparation of oestradiol (10 mg/ml) in mineral oil on Day 10 post ovulation. Serial blood samples were assayed for progesterone concentrations to monitor luteal function. RESULTS Intrauterine administration of oestradiol in fractionated coconut oil showed peak efficacy at Day 10 when luteolysis was delayed in 11/12 (92%) mares. The ability of the treatment to delay luteolysis was not significantly different when administered on Days 8 (9/12; 75%), 12 (10/12; 83%) or 14 (6/12; 50%) of dioestrus, but declined significantly when given on Day 6 (3/12; 25%). Oestradiol was not needed to initiate luteostasis since fractionated coconut oil alone or peanut oil administered at Day 10 induced the same high rate of luteal persistence (11/12; 92% for both oils). In contrast, mineral oil did not prolong luteal lifespan, either when administered alone (2/12; 17%) or combined with oestradiol (3/12; 25%). CONCLUSION These results do not unequivocally rule out a possible involvement of embryonic oestrogens in MRP in the mare but suggest it is unlikely. The results demonstrate that plant oils can postpone luteolysis, suggesting they may modulate synthesis or release of prostaglandins from the mare's endometrium. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Administration of fractionated coconut or peanut oil on Day 10 post ovulation provides an effective and practical method of prolonging luteal function ('pseudopregnancy') thereby suppressing unwanted oestrous behaviour. Further studies to elucidate the mechanism by which this is achieved may increase understanding of both luteostasis and MRP signal in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wilsher
- The Paul Mellon Laboratory of Equine Reproduction, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
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Pandey A, Dhaliwal G, Ghuman S, Agarwal S. Impact of pre-ovulatory follicle diameter on plasma estradiol, subsequent luteal profiles and conception rate in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 123:169-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mendoza A, Crespi D, Hernández A, Roura N, Valentín H, La Manna A, Cavestany D. Effect of dietary supplementation with fish oil during the transition period on milk production, plasma metabolites and postpartum anoestrus interval in grazing dairy cows. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/an10178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion of fish oil (FO) in the diet of dairy cows could improve the energy status and milk yield and reduce the interval from calving to first postpartum ovulation, but the effects may differ depending on the specific period of supplementation. To test these hypotheses, 28 pregnant Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design: prepartum oral drench of FO (0 or 140 g/cow.day) for 21 days before calving, and/or postpartum oral drench of FO (0 or 190 g/cow.day) for 21 days after calving. Prepartum, heifers grazed in native pastures with supplements of wheat silage and wheat bran, while postpartum, cows grazed on improved pastures with addition of concentrates and corn silage. No interaction between prepartum and postpartum FO was detected for any variable analysed. Prepartum and postpartum total DM intake, milk yield, protein yield and percentage were not different among treatments. Milk fat percentage (3.83 versus 3.34 ± 0.10%) and yield (0.88 versus 0.73 ± 0.04 kg/day) decreased with postpartum FO but were not affected by prepartum FO. Prepartum and postpartum body condition score and plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids and cholesterol were not different among treatments, but urea concentration was higher in cows drenched with FO during prepartum (5.91 versus 4.64 ± 0.35 mM). Proportion of cows that ovulated the dominant follicle of the first postpartum wave and days to first postpartum ovulation, as determined by ovarian ultrasonography, were not affected by drenching with FO, but size of the dominant follicle in the first wave was decreased when FO was drenched only during the pre- or postpartum period compared with drenching in both periods. Dietary supplementation with FO during the postpartum period affected milk fat synthesis but more research is needed to establish its effects on resumption of ovarian activity in grazing dairy cows.
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Bender K, Walsh S, Evans ACO, Fair T, Brennan L. Metabolite concentrations in follicular fluid may explain differences in fertility between heifers and lactating cows. Reproduction 2010; 139:1047-55. [PMID: 20385782 DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There has been a marked decline in the fertility of dairy cows over the past decades, and metabolomic analysis offers a potential to investigate the underlying causes. Metabolite composition of the follicular fluid, which presents the intrafollicular environment, may be an important factor affecting oocyte maturation and subsequent early embryo development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic differences between follicular fluid from the dominant follicle of lactating cows and heifers using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics. Follicular fluid and serum were collected from cows and heifers over three phases of follicle development: newly selected dominant follicles, preovulatory follicles prior to oestrus and post-LH surge follicles. Analysis of the fatty acids revealed that there were 24 fatty acids and 9 aqueous metabolites significantly different between cows and heifers. Of particular interest were the higher concentrations of saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, P=0.001; stearic acid, P=0.005) in follicular fluid from cows and higher docosahexaenoic acid levels (P=0.022) in follicular fluid from heifers. Analysis of the metabolite composition of serum revealed that follicular fluid had a unique lipid composition. The higher concentrations of detrimental saturated fatty in cows will have a negative impact on oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Overall, the results suggest that the follicle microenvironment in cows potentially places their oocytes at a developmental disadvantage compared with heifers, and that this may contribute to well-characterised differences in fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bender
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food and Veterinary Medicine UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Nutritional sub-fertility in the dairy cow: towards improved reproductive management through a better biological understanding. Animal 2010; 4:1197-213. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109991601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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The relationship between periovulatory endocrine and follicular activity on corpus luteum size, function, and subsequent embryo survival. Theriogenology 2010; 73:190-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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