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Huang J, Xu J, Wu R, Wang J, Yang J, Li Y, Wang B, Xiong W, Guo Y. Influence of Cuticular Waxes from Triticale on Rumen Fermentation: A Metabolomic and Microbiome Profiling Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1592-1606. [PMID: 38198510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cuticular wax, a critical defense layer for plants, remains a relatively unexplored factor in rumen fermentation. We investigated the impact of cuticular wax on rumen fermentation using triticale as a model. In total, six wax classes were identified, including fatty acids, aldehydes, alkane, primary alcohol, alkyresorcinol, and β-diketone, with low-bloom lines predominated by 46.05% of primary alcohols and high-bloom lines by 35.64% of β-diketone. Low-wax addition (2.5 g/kg DM) increased the gas production by 19.25% (P < 0.05) and total volatile fatty acids by 6.34% (P > 0.05), and enriched key carbohydrate-fermenting rumen microbes like Saccharofermentans, Ruminococcus, and Prevotellaceae, when compared to non-wax groups. Metabolites linked to nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism, and protein/fat digestion in the rumen showed a positive correlation with low-wax, benefiting rumen microbes. This study highlights the intricate interplay among cuticular wax, rumen microbiota, fermentation, and metabolomics in forage digestion, providing insights into livestock nutrition and forage utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Huang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Ruixin Wu
- Dry-Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000, P. R. China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Dry-Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Wangdan Xiong
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257091, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257091, P. R. China
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Ferreira L, Machado N, Gouvinhas I, Santos S, Celaya R, Rodrigues M, Barros A. Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques in the mid-IR (MIR) and near-IR (NIR) spectroscopy to determine n-alkane and long-chain alcohol contents in plant species and faecal samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121544. [PMID: 35753098 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
n-Alkanes and long-chain alcohols (LCOH) have been used as faecal markers to assess the feeding behaviour of both wild and domestic herbivore species. However, their chemical analysis is time-consuming and expensive, making it necessary to develop more expeditious methodologies to evaluate concentrations of these markers. This work aimed to evaluate the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technology in the near infrared (NIR) and mid infrared (MIR) intervals, for the determination of n-alkane and LCOH concentrations of different plant species and faecal samples of domestic herbivores. Spectra of 33 feed samples, namely L. perenne, T. repens, U. gallii, short heathers (mixture of Erica spp. and Calluna vulgaris), improved pasture grasses (mixture of L. perenne and A. capillaris), heath grasses (mixture of P. longifolium and A. curtissii), improved pasture species (mixture of L. perenne, T. repens and A. capillaris) and herbaceous species (mixture of all herbaceous species found in the plot)) and 181 faecal samples (cattle and horses) were recorded. In order to develop calibrations for the prediction of n-alkanes and LCOH concentrations, partial least squares (PLS) regression was used. Regarding the models developed for plant species, the best results were observed for the calibrations using NIR. The best external validation coefficients of determination (R2v) obtained were 0.90 and 0.79 for LCOH and n-alkanes, respectively. For faecal samples, in the NIR interval, results indicate similar external validation predictions (R2v) for both animal species (0.64). On the contrary, in the MIR interval, differences between cattle (0.70) and horses (0.57) faecal samples in R2v were observed. Regarding the models created for both animal species faeces, LCOH (C26-OH and C30-OH concentrations ranging from 713.3 to 4451.9 mg/kg DM, respectively; R2v values ranging from 0.72 to 0.95) and n-alkanes (C31 and C33 concentrations ranging from 112.8 to 643.2 mg/kg DM, respectively; R2v values ranging from 0.19 to 0.90) present in higher concentrations tended to be those with better estimates. Results obtained suggest that the selection of the technique to be used may depend on the type of matrix, being the homogeneity of the matrices one of the most important factors for its success. In order to improve the accuracy and robustness of the models created for the estimation of the concentrations of these markers using these methodologies, the database (greater variability) used for the calibrations of these models must be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Nelson Machado
- CoLAB Vines&Wines - National Collaborative Laboratory for the Portuguese Wine Sector, Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense (ADVID), Régia Douro Park, 5000-033 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Irene Gouvinhas
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sara Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rafael Celaya
- Regional Service for Agri-Food Research and Development (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodrigues
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), Vila Real, Portugal
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Seri H, Chammem M, Silva S, Rodrigues M, Khorchani T, Ferreira L. Assessment of diet composition of free-ranging addax antelopes (Addaxnasomaculatus) by the combination of microhistological procedures andn-alkanes and long-chain alcohols as fecal markers. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding herbivore foraging behaviour is crucial for adequate wildlife management decisions. This study assessed the diet composition of free-ranging addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus (de Blainville, 1816)). Samples collected during the spring season were analyzed using microhistological procedures along with n-alkanes and long-chain alcohols as fecal markers. Twelve animals were monitored and fresh fecal samples were collected daily during a 7-day period. Diet composition estimates obtained by both methods were similar and indicate that Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.) De Winter was the main diet component followed by Fagonia glutinosa Delile, Helianthemum kahiricum Delile, and Hammada schmittiana (Pomel.) Botsch. Data showed that addax have mixed diets composed of perennial woody and herbaceous plant species depending on their availability. The four species most selected by the animals were also the most abundant species in terms of plant cover. In contrast, species that accounted for less than 5% of the plant cover were not present in the fecal samples. Results of this study represent a single grazing season, and for that reason, further studies are required to fully understand how the grazing behaviour of addax varies with seasonal changes in vegetation cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Seri
- Laboratoire d’Elevage et de la Faune Sauvage, IRA–Médenine, Médenine, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Chammem
- Laboratoire d’Elevage et de la Faune Sauvage, IRA–Médenine, Médenine, Tunisia
| | - Severiano Silva
- CECAV – Animal Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Miguel Rodrigues
- CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Touhami Khorchani
- Laboratoire d’Elevage et de la Faune Sauvage, IRA–Médenine, Médenine, Tunisia
| | - Luis Ferreira
- CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
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Guo Y, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhang Y. Herbivore-Diet Analysis Based on Illumina MiSeq Sequencing: The Potential Use of an ITS2-Barcoding Approach to Establish Qualitative and Quantitative Predictions of Diet Composition of Mongolian Sheep. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9858-9867. [PMID: 30198261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA-barcoding approaches to estimate the diet compositions of grazing animals have received significant attention, and particularly when combined with next-generation sequencing, these techniques have substantially improved in recent years. In this study, the identity and species composition of plant material ingested by Mongolian sheep were estimated through the use of 350 bp ITS2 gene sequences of the vegetation found in fecal samples. Four diets were formulated using varying amounts of eight plant species that are common in the grasslands of northern China. Sixteen Mongolian sheep were taken from pastures and randomly assigned to four groups, and each group received one of four diets. Each sheep was randomly assigned to one of 16 confinement pens and fed its respective diet for 12 consecutive days. Fecal samples were removed from each pen from days 7-12, preserved, and composited for each pen. All herbage species included in the daily diets were detected in each fecal sample, with the exception of Phragmites australis. Moreover, 12 additional different plant species were retrieved from feces of the experimental sheep. The obtained data provided preliminary support for the use of the ITS2 barcode to determine which plants were consumed. Moreover, the proportions of the herbage DNA sequences recovered from sheep feces and those of the herbage masses in the daily diets did not completely match. These results indicate that the non-Gramineae DNA sequences amplified with ITS2 primers (including those of Chenopodium album, Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia tanacetifolia, and Medicago sativa) far exceeded those of the Gramineae species (including Leymus chinensis and Puccinellia distans), which constitute the largest share of the experimental diets. A significant positive correlation (Spearman's ρ = 0.376, P = 0.003) between the actual herbage mass proportions in the experimental diets and the herbage-DNA-sequence proportions provided sufficiently favorable support for the further investigation of DNA barcoding for the quantification of plants in feces. A significant regression coefficient was found between the relative DNA-sequence proportions of L. chinensis ( R2 = 0.82, P < 0.0001), P. distans ( R2 = 0.64, P = 0.0017), and C. album ( R2 = 0.98, P < 0.0001) and their respective herbage mass proportions. The quantitative relationship can be expressed by the linear-regression equations y = 0.90 x - 0.22, y = 0.98 x - 0.03, and y = 5.00 x - 0.25, respectively. Thus, these results demonstrate that dietary-DNA-barcoding methods exhibited potential in providing valuable quantitative information regarding food-item components. However, it should be noted that this explorative data needs to be further improved by using additional genes and by creating a sophisticated reference database, thus enhancing both quality and accuracy of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Grassland Science , Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou 730070 , Gansu , China
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
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Carnahan A, Spalinger D, Collins W. n-Alkane and long-chain alcohol recovery in moose ( Alces alces), a browsing herbivore. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Habitat management for herbivores often depends on an understanding of the food habits of animals. Plant cuticular waxes containing nearly indigestible complex mixture of n-alkanes and long-chain alcohols (LCOHs) have recently shown promise for diet analyses, but the accuracy of the technique depends strongly on the efficiency of recovery of the markers in feces. Fecal recovery of n-alkanes and LCOHs from 10 browse stems or leaves and two ensiled grass hays fed to moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)) during in vivo digestion trials was investigated. n-Alkanes and LCOHs were extracted using a single-step accelerated solvent extraction technique and the recovery of these cuticular components was calculated from the feces of the animals. n-Alkane recoveries from feces averaged 0.82, ranging from a low of 0.58 (haylage) to a high of 0.95 (browse stems). LCOH recoveries averaged 0.92 across all forages, ranging from 0.80 (haylage) to a high of 1.13 (browse stems). n-Alkane and LCOH fecal recovery increased with increasing chain length, similar to findings in other studies. Although fecal recovery of n-alkanes and LCOHs were variable, we conclude that they are inversely related to forage digestibility, are consistent within forage classes, and are therefore predictable markers for use in assessing herbivore diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Carnahan
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, AK 99518, USA
| | - D.E. Spalinger
- University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biology, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - W.B. Collins
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1800 Glenn Highway, Suite 4, Palmer, AK 99645, USA
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López CL, Celaya R, Santos AS, Rodrigues MA, Osoro K, Ferreira LM. Combination of long-chain alcohols and fatty acids with alkanes as faecal markers to estimate feed intake and digestibility in horses and cattle fed on grass-heathland vegetation communities. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Application of long-chain alcohols (LCOH) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) combined with alkanes as faecal markers to estimate dry matter intake (DMI) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of equines and cattle was assessed. Six crossbred mares, randomly divided in two groups (H1 and H2), and three nonlactating cows (C) were housed in individual stalls. Groups H1 and C were fed on a diet of ryegrass (Lolium perenne, 0.7) and heather (Erica spp., Calluna vulgaris, 0.3), and H2 received ryegrass (0.4), heather (0.3) and gorse (Ulex gallii, 0.3). Digestibility was estimated using LCOH (C28-OH and C30-OH) and LCFA (C28-FA, C30-FA, and C32-FA) as internal markers. For DMI estimation, animals received daily a paper pellet containing C24, C32, and C36n-alkanes. Intake was estimated from the faecal ratio of naturally occurring LCOH, LCFA, and dosed n-alkanes, and was compared with the known DMI values. In horses, all markers provided accurate estimates of DMD. Similarly, LCOH provided accurate estimates of DMD in cattle, whereas LCFA underestimated it (P < 0.05). Intake estimates were affected (P < 0.05) by the marker pair used in calculations. In general, the C24:C24-FA pair provided the most accurate DMI estimates. Results suggest the usefulness of combining epicuticular compounds as faecal markers to estimate DMI, DMD and diet composition of horses and cattle grazing grass-heathland communities, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López López
- SERIDA—Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, P.O. Box 13, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rafael Celaya
- SERIDA—Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, P.O. Box 13, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Sofia Santos
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Miguel A.M. Rodrigues
- CECAV—Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Koldo Osoro
- SERIDA—Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, P.O. Box 13, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis M.M. Ferreira
- CECAV—Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
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Application of long-chain alcohols as faecal markers to estimate diet composition of horses and cattle fed with herbaceous and woody species. Animal 2015; 9:1786-94. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ferreira L, Daniel J, Celaya R, Santos A, Osoro K, Rodrigues M, Pellikaan W. Utilization of carbon isotope enrichments (δ13C) of alkanes as faecal markers to estimate diet composition of goats fed with heathland vegetation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The potential use of n-alkanes, long-chain alcohols and long-chain fatty acids as diet composition markers: indoor validation with sheep and herbage species from the rangeland of Inner Mongolia of China. Animal 2012; 6:449-58. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111001765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Evaluation of long-chain alcohols as diet composition markers in goats grazing heathland areas. Animal 2012; 6:683-92. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111001881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ferreira L, Celaya R, Santos A, Falco V, Guedes C, Rodrigues M, Osoro K. Comparison of long-chain fatty acids and alkanes as markers to estimate diet composition of equines and cattle consuming heathland vegetation species. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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