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Peng J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Tang Y, Zhang W, Zheng S, Huang W, Yang M, He Y, Li Z, Xie L, Li J, Wang J, Zhou Y. Allicin in pregnancy diets modulates steroid metabolism in pregnant sows and placental sulphate metabolism promoting placental angiogenesis and foetal development. Animal 2024; 18:101224. [PMID: 39024999 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The low-birth-weight of piglets is an important factor affecting pig enterprises. The placenta, as a key organ for material exchange between mother and foetus, directly influences the growth and development of the foetus. Allicin exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It may also play a crucial role in enhancing sow reproductive performance and placental angiogenesis. In this study, we used 70 lactating Landrace × Yorkshire binary heterozygous sows to explore the effect of allicin on the reproductive performance of sows and placental development. The sows were randomly assigned into the Allicin group (Allicin), which was fed with a diet containing 0.25% allicin, and the negative control group, which was fed with basal feed. The experimental period lasted for 114 d from the date of mating to the end of farrowing. The results showed that the addition of allicin to the gestation diets increased the number of total born piglets, born alive piglets, and high-birth-weight piglets, reduced peripartum oxidative stress, alleviated dysregulation of glucose-lipid metabolism in sows, and increased the levels of antioxidant markers in the placenta. Differential analysis of metabolites in maternal plasma and placenta samples by non-targeted metabolomics revealed that allicin improved cholesterol metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and increased plasma progesterone levels in sows. Allicin promoted sulphur metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism in placental samples and increased the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) content in the placenta. In addition, Quantitative Real-time PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence results showed that allicin upregulated the expression of angiogenesis-related genes, VEGF-A, FLK 1 and Ang 1, in the placenta, implying that it promoted placental angiogenesis. These results indicate that supplementing the diet of pregnant sows with allicin reduces oxidative stress, alleviates dysregulation of glucose-lipid metabolism during the periparturient period, and promotes placental angiogenesis and foetal development by increasing plasma progesterone level and placental H2S content.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peng
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Q Liu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Y Tang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - W Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - S Zheng
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - W Huang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; College of Animal Science and Technology and Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuchang, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - M Yang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Y He
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Z Li
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - L Xie
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - J Li
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| | - J Wang
- Division of AOS & CDC, Faculty of Dentistry, and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Y Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology and Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuchang, Wuhan 430000, China.
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Xu Y, Yi M, Sun S, Wang L, Zhang Z, Ling Y, Cao H. The regulatory mechanism of garlic skin improving the growth performance of fattening sheep through metabolism and immunity. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1409518. [PMID: 38872796 PMCID: PMC11171129 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1409518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Garlic skin (GAS) has been proven to improve the growth performance of fattening sheep. However, the mechanism by which GAS affects fattening sheep is not yet clear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of adding GAS to feed on the growth performance, rumen and fecal microbiota, serum and urine metabolism, and transcriptomics of rumen epithelial cells in fattening sheep. Methods GAS with 80 g/kg dry matter (DM) was added to the diet of fattening sheep to study the effects of GAS on gut microbiota, serum and urine metabolism, and transcriptome of rumen epithelial tissue in fattening sheep. Twelve Hu sheep (body weights; BW, 23.0 ± 2.3 kg and ages 120 ± 3.5 d) were randomly divided into two groups. The CON group was the basal diet, while the GAS group was supplemented with GAS in the basal diet. The trial period was 10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks being the pre-trial period. Results The daily average weight gain of fattening sheep in the GAS group was significantly higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05), and the serum GSH-Px of the GAS group fattening sheep was significantly increased, while MDA was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Based on the genus classification level, the addition of garlic peel in the diet changed the intestinal microbial composition, and the relative abundance was significantly upregulated by Metanobrevibater (p < 0.05), while significantly downregulated by Akkermansia, Parasutterella, and Guggenheimella (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis found that there were 166 significantly different metabolites in serum and 68 significantly different metabolites in urine between the GAS and CON groups (p < 0.05). GAS had an impact on amino acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, methane metabolism, riboflavin metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathways (p < 0.05). Transcriptome sequencing showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in immune regulatory function, improving the health of fattening sheep. Conclusion Adding GAS can improve the energy metabolism and immune function of fattening sheep by altering gut microbiota, metabolome, and transcriptome, thereby improving the growth performance of fattening sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingliang Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shixin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yinghui Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Wang X, Wang Y, Fang C, Gong Q, Huang J, Zhang Y, Wang L. Allicin affects the pharmacokinetics of sulfadiazine and florfenicol by downregulating the expression of jejunum P-gp and BCRP in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101947. [PMID: 35688033 PMCID: PMC9189214 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Huang C, Chen D, Tian G, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Mao X, Huang Z, Yan H, Wang Q, Wang H, Yu B. Effects of dietary plant essential oil supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in finishing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1246-1257. [PMID: 34967039 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to explore the effects of dietary plant essential oil (PEO) supplementation on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of eighteen Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire finishing barrows with an average initial body weight of 79.86 ± 1.94 kg were randomly assigned to CON group (fed with a basal diet) and PEO group (fed with the basal diet containing 200 mg/kg PEO) with 9 replicates per treatment. The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed that dietary PEO supplementation significantly increased ADG during phase I (1-21 days) and the overall experimental period (p < 0.05), tended to increase ADFI in phase II (22-42 days) and the overall experimental period (p = 0.09), decreased F/G in phase I (p < 0.05) and tended to decrease F/G during the overall experimental period (p = 0.08). Meanwhile, compared to the CON group, the digestibility of DM, GE and EE in the PEO group was improved remarkably (p < 0.05). PEO supplementation also significantly improved T-AOC and lowered MDA content in longissimus dorsi (p < 0.05), tended to increase the activity of T-SOD (p = 0.06). A higher IMF content (p = 0.09) and a lower shear force (p = 0.08) of longissimus dorsi were found in the PEO group than that in CON group (p = 0.09). Furthermore, pigs fed the PEO diet showed higher mRNA abundances of GLUT4, LPL, CPT-1, CD36, FABP and LDL-R in the liver, and GLUT4 and FAS in the longissimus dorsi (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PEO fed to finishing pigs improved the growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Furthermore, PEO supplementation had the potential role to improve pork quality by increasing the antioxidant capacity and IMF content, and decreasing the shear force of longissimus dorsi to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibi Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Quyuan Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huifen Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Xie K, Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhang C, Zhu W, Hou F. Gentiana straminea supplementation improves feed intake, nitrogen and energy utilization, and methane emission among Simmental calves in northwest China. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:838-846. [PMID: 34727636 PMCID: PMC9066040 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Native plants can be used as additives to replace antibiotics to improve ruminant feed utilization and animal health. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Gentiana straminea (GS) on nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and energy metabolism of Simmental calves. Methods Thirty-two (5-week-old) male Simmental clves, with initial body weight (BW) of 155±12 kg were fed the same basal diet of concentrates (26%), alfalfa hay (37%), and oat hay (37%) and were randomly separated into four treatment groups according to the amount of GS that was added to their basal diet. The four different groups received different amounts of GS as a supplement to their basal diet during whole experiment: (0 GS) 0 mg/kg BW, the control; (100 GS) 100 mg/kg BW; (200 GS) 200 mg/kg BW; and (300 GS) 300 mg/kg BW. Results For calves in the 200 GS and 300 GS treatment groups, there was a significant increase in dry matter (DM) intake (p<0.01), average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05), organic matter intake (p<0.05), DM digestibility (p<0.05), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (p<0.05), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility (p<0.05). Dietary GS supplementation result in quadratic increases of DM intake (p<0.01), ADG (p<0.05), NDF intake (p<0.05), and ADF intake (p<0.05). Supplementing the basal diet with GS significantly increased nitrogen (N) retention (p<0.001) and the ratio of retention N to N intake (p<0.001). Supplementing the basal diet with GS significantly decreased methane (CH4) emissions (p<0.01), CH4/BW0.75 (p<0.05) and CH4 energy (CH4-E) (p<0.05). Dietary GS supplementation result in quadratic increases of CH4 (p<0.01) and CH4/DM intake (p<0.01). Compared with 0 GS, GS-supplemented diets significantly improved their gross energy intake (p<0.05). The metabolizable energy and digestive energy intake were significantly greater for calves in the 100 GS and 200 GS calves than for 0 GS calves (p<0.05). Conclusion From this study, we conclude that supplementing calf diets with GS could improve utilization of feed, energy, and N, and may reduce CH4 emissions without having any negative effects on animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Yarong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Wanhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
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Chen J, Wang F, Yin Y, Ma X. The nutritional applications of garlic ( Allium sativum) as natural feed additives in animals. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11934. [PMID: 34434661 PMCID: PMC8362672 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is an essential vegetable that has been widely utilized as seasoning, flavoring, culinary and in herbal remedies. Garlic contains several characteristic organosulfur compounds, such as diallyl sulfide, allicin (diallyl thiosulphate), γ-glutamylcysteine, and S-allyl cysteine (alliin) and ajoene, which garlic has beneficial effects on inflammation, oxidative stress markers, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and endothelial function in vitro or in animal model. These bioactive molecules are also playing pivotal role in livestock and fisheries production apart from its application in humans. Supplementation of animal feed with garlic and its related products is consistent with the modern agricultural concept of organic animal husbandry. This review compiles the information describing the effects of feeding garlic and its extracts on selected performance parameters in animals (chicken, rabbits, ruminants, pigs and fish). This review may provide reference for scientists and entrepreneurs to investigate the applications of feeds added with garlic and allicin by-products for the improvement of animal husbandry and aquatic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yexin Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaokang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Rivera-Gomis J, Peres Rubio C, Martínez Conesa C, Otal Salaverri J, Cerón JJ, Tortosa DE, Cubero Pablo MJ. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Garlic and Oregano Essential Oil on Biomarkers of Oxidative Status, Stress and Inflammation in Postweaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2093. [PMID: 33187203 PMCID: PMC7698320 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of two different concentrations of micro capsuled oregano essential oil (OEO) and purple garlic powder on biomarkers of oxidative status, stress, and inflammation, as well as on average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were evaluated in piglets during the postweaning period. The trial was carried out with 300 crossbred pigs of 21 days of age fed with different concentrations of OEO and purple garlic powder and ZnO. Saliva and serum samples were taken to evaluate a panel of biomarkers of oxidative status, stress, and inflammation. OEO and garlic powder at 0.4% did not produce significant changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and cortisol and yielded higher levels of the antioxidant biomarker CUPRAC in serum than higher doses (p < 0.01); they yielded a better ADG than the control and ZnO diets. OEO and garlic powder at higher concentrations than 0.4% showed higher concentrations of CRP (p < 0.05). Overall, doses of OEO and garlic powder at 0.4% did not lead to inflammation, stress, or negative changes in oxidative biomarkers in piglets during the postweaning period and gave better productive performance than the control and ZnO diets. High doses of OEO and garlic powder were ineffective and could negatively affect the animals. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of the dose used when OEO or garlic are supplemented to piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rivera-Gomis
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (J.R.-G.); (M.J.C.P.)
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (C.P.R.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Cristina Martínez Conesa
- Research Group on Rainfed Agriculture for Rural Development, Department of Rural Development, Oenology and Sustainable Agriculture, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), 30150 Alberca Las Torres, Murcia, Spain;
| | - Julio Otal Salaverri
- Animal Production Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (C.P.R.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Damián Escribano Tortosa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (C.P.R.); (J.J.C.)
- Animal Production Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;
| | - María José Cubero Pablo
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (J.R.-G.); (M.J.C.P.)
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Potential dietary feed additives with antibacterial effects and their impact on performance of weaned piglets: A meta-analysis. Vet J 2019; 249:24-32. [PMID: 31239161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis evaluated the use of potential dietary feed additives (pDFA) with antibacterial effects and their impact on the perfomance of weaned piglets. Twenty-three peer-reviewed in vivo studies, comprising 50 trials, were identified between January 2010 and January 2017. The pDFA in these studies could be grouped in 5 classes: antimicrobial peptides, chitosan, lysozyme, medium chain fatty acids/ triglycerides and plant extracts. Mixed-effect meta-analyses with type of pDFA as fixed effect were performed for the growth parameters 'average daily gain' (ADG) and 'feed conversion ratio' (FCR), which are the two most important and used economic performance parameters for farmers. For each class of pDFA, results of the meta-analysis showed significantly higher average daily gain in the group with pDFA compared to the negative control group, while no significant difference with the positive control group was observed. Furthermore, a positive effect on FCR was found, i.e. significantly less feed was needed to gain 1 kg of body weight in the group with pDFA compared to the negative control group. No significant differences with positive control groups were observed for each class of pDFA, except for plant extracts, where the FCR was also significantly reduced in the treatment group. These results suggest that pDFA could reduce the use of antimicrobials without significant negative effects on performance indicators.
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Hassan YI, Lahaye L, Gong MM, Peng J, Gong J, Liu S, Gay CG, Yang C. Innovative drugs, chemicals, and enzymes within the animal production chain. Vet Res 2018; 49:71. [PMID: 30060767 PMCID: PMC6066918 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming number of recently reported human illnesses with bacterial infections resistant to multiple antibacterial agents has become a serious concern in recent years. This phenomenon is a core challenge for both the medical and animal health communities, since the use of antibiotics has formed the cornerstone of modern medicine for treating bacterial infections. The empirical benefits of using antibiotics to address animal health issues in animal agriculture (using therapeutic doses) and increasing the overall productivity of animals (using sub-therapeutic doses) are well established. The use of antibiotics to enhance profitability margins in the animal production industry is still practiced worldwide. Although many technical and economic reasons gave rise to these practices, the continued emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria is furthering the need to reduce the use of medically important antibiotics. This will require improving on-farm management and biosecurity practices, and the development of effective antibiotic alternatives that will reduce the dependence on antibiotics within the animal industry in the foreseeable future. A number of approaches are being closely scrutinized and optimized to achieve this goal, including the development of promising antibiotic alternatives to control bacterial virulence through quorum-sensing disruption, the use of synthetic polymers and nanoparticles, the exploitation of recombinant enzymes/proteins (such as glucose oxidases, alkaline phosphatases and proteases), and the use of phytochemicals. This review explores the most recent approaches within this context and provides a summary of practical mitigation strategies for the extensive use of antibiotics within the animal production chain in addition to several future challenges that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef I. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON Canada
| | | | - Max M. Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Jian Peng
- College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Cyril G. Gay
- Office of National Programs, Animal Production and Protection, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
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Horn N, Miller G, Ajuwon KM, Adeola O. Ability of garlic-derived diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide supplemented by oral gavage to mitigate effects of an acute postweaning feed and water deprivation event in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3579-3590. [PMID: 28805898 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Compounds in garlic have been shown to contain anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune modulatory properties that may be able to mitigate the effects of nursery pig stressors. The objective of the current experiment was to determine if oral gavage of garlic-derived diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) could mitigate the effects of a 24-h postweaning feed + water deprivation event in nursery pigs. Pigs (6.0 ± 0.05 kg and 21 d old) were allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design at weaning with 8 replicate pens per treatment that consisted of with or without a 24-h postweaning feed + water deprivation event and with or without an oral gavage containing 3.6 mg DADS + DATS/kg BW. Growth performance and morbidity were recorded throughout the experiment, and on 1, 6, and 21 d after weaning, 1 pig per pen was selected, blood was collected, the pig was euthanized, and a segment of the distal ileum was subsequently excised for morphological and gene and protein expression measurements. Mucosal gene expression was conducted by reverse transcription PCR for immune, antioxidant, and cellular integrity markers. Furthermore, activity of mucosal superoxide dismutase was measured by colorimetric assay. Immediately following the feed + water deprivation event, there was a decrease ( < 0.01) in growth performance and an increase ( = 0.01) in serum cortisol. The feed + water deprivation event tended ( = 0.10) to decrease ileal villus height and supplementation of DADS + DATS by oral gavage increased ( = 0.03) villus height 1 d after weaning. Supplementation of DADS + DATS by oral gavage decreased ( = 0.03) and tended to decrease ( = 0.08) gene expression of on 6 and 21 d after weaning, respectively. Furthermore, at 1 d after weaning, ileal mucosa SOD activity was decreased ( = 0.01) by the feed + water deprivation and increased ( = 0.04) by oral supplementation of DADS + DATS. Expression of the tight junction genes and were reduced ( ≤ 0.05) due to the feed + water deprivation event 1 d after weaning. Results from the current study show that an acute feed + water deprivation event can impact growth performance, intestinal characteristics, and antioxidant status in nursery pigs, which can be partially mitigated by oral supplementation of garlic compounds DADS + DATS.
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Horn N, Miller G, Ajuwon KM, Adeola O. Garlic diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide mitigates effects of pro-oxidant induced cellular stress and has immune modulatory function in LPS-stimulated porcine epithelial cells1. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Horn N, Ruch F, Miller G, Ajuwon KM, Adeola O. Expression of cytokine and tight junction genes and ileal mucosal morphology in nursery pigs in response to garlic diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide compounds. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Xu J, Xu C, Chen X, Cai X, Yang S, Sheng Y, Wang T. Regulation of an antioxidant blend on intestinal redox status and major microbiota in early weaned piglets. Nutrition 2014; 30:584-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xu CC, Yang SF, Zhu LH, Cai X, Sheng YS, Zhu SW, Xu JX. Regulation of N-acetyl cysteine on gut redox status and major microbiota in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1504-11. [PMID: 24496840 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the regulation of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on gut redox status and proliferation of selected microbiota in weaned piglets. A total of 150 newborn piglets from 15 litters were randomly divided by litter to the control group (normally suckling), the weaning group (fed the basal diet), and the NAC group (basal + NAC diet) with 5 litters per group. Activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inhibition capacity of hydroxyl radical (IHR), and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and NO in the ileum, colon, and cecum were analyzed to profile oxidative stress states. The real-time absolute quantitative PCR reaction was employed to quantify the amounts of total bacteria, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia coli. The N-acetyl cysteine, as a universal antioxidant, was used to improve the redox status. Results showed that weaning stress resulted in the occurrence of gut oxidative stress and changes of gut microbiota (P < 0.05). Compared with the weaned piglets, the activities of ileal, colonic, and cecal T-AOC; ileal and colonic GSH-Px; cecal SOD; and colonic and cecal IHR were enhanced (P < 0.05), and the concentrations of ileal and cecal H2O2, ileal and colonic NO, and colonic MDA were reduced (P < 0.05) in the NAC-treated piglets. An increase (P < 0.05) in gut Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, accompanied with a decrease (P < 0.05) in Escherichia coli counts, was also observed in the NAC group. Bivariate correlation indicated that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the activities of T-AOC, GSH-Px, and SOD and inversely related (P < 0.05) to increased levels of H2O2, NO, OH, and MDA, and Escherichia coli showed a strong positive association (P < 0.05) with increased levels of free radicals and MDA and a negative association (P < 0.05) with the activities of antioxidant enzymes in intestines of weaned piglets. We concluded that NAC constructively regulated on the changes of the gut redox status and microbiota in piglets in response to weaning stress. The observed correlations implied that the NAC effects on the gut microbiota were confirmed, partly through an effect on oxidative stress in piglets, providing evidence that gut microbiota may be potentially improved by the modulation of the redox status by an antioxidant, which has relevance for gut health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Veterinary and Biotechnology
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