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Dixon RM, Shotton P, Mayer R. Diets selected and growth of steers grazing buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Gayndah)–Centro (Centrosema brasilianum cv. Oolloo) pastures in a seasonally dry tropical environment. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Liveweight (LW) gain of grazing cattle in the seasonally dry tropics is usually moderate during the wet season (WS) and declines to slow growth or LW loss during the dry season (DS). Cattle growth can often be improved by inclusion of herbaceous legumes into pastures to improve their nutritional quality.
Aims
A study examined the quality of the diet selected and the growth of young cattle grazing a buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)–Centro (Centrosema brasilianum) pasture in a high-rainfall, seasonally dry, tropical environment in northern Australia to relate the diet selected to cattle growth.
Methods
During three annual cycles, young steers grazed a grass–Centro legume pasture at moderate stocking rate. LW was measured monthly, and diet attributes (legume content, DM digestibility (DMD) and crude protein concentration) were measured fortnightly by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy analyses of faeces. Pasture available and species were measured twice annually.
Key results
The annual LW gain and diet attributes followed a consistent profile through the annual cycles. Following the seasonal break, the diet DMD and crude protein concentration increased abruptly to maxima (means 732 and 184 g/kg respectively), and then declined approximately linearly during the remainder of the WS and the wet–dry transition season (TS); DMD decreased by 0.49, 0.74 and 0.88 g/kg units per day. DMD and crude protein averaged 561 and 61 g/kg respectively during the DS. Centro comprised 86–291 g/kg of the pasture on offer, and averaged 283 and 205 g/kg of the diet during the TS and DS, respectively, but only 58 g/kg during the WS. Cattle selected for Centro during the TS and the DS, but not during the WS. Cattle LW gain reflected diet quality averaging 0.86, 0.59 and 0.12 kg/day during the WS, TS and DS respectively.
Conclusions
The Centro legume contributed substantially to the diet of growing cattle during the TS and DS, but not during the WS. The LW gains of cattle were moderate during the WS and TS, and low during the DS.
Implications
Centro in a buffel grass pasture contributed substantially to the diet, but nevertheless annual LW gain was only modest (mean 179, range 159–209 kg/annum).
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Moran L, Aldezabal A, Aldai N, Barron LJR. Terpenoid traceability of commercial sheep cheeses produced in mountain and valley farms: From pasture to mature cheeses. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108669. [PMID: 31732067 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mountain cheeses are characterized by their strong link to the territory and are testimonial of the cultural heritage. However, there is a lack of traceability and authenticity indicators for most mountain cheeses produced in Europe even though their terroir value is demanded by cheese-makers, consumers and regulatory bodies. The present study investigated the potential and reliability of terpenoids as traceable compounds in Idiazabal PDO cheeses made with raw milk from commercial sheep flocks grazed on lowlands or mountain grasslands. Terpenoids were analysed in individual pasture plants and ripened cheeses. Ingested diets were estimated by microscopic examination of plant residues in sheep faeces, and terpenoid composition of pastures and sheep diets were calculated from isolated plant species analysis. About 100 individual terpenoids were detected in botanical species collected from pastures and 40 compounds in mature cheeses. Important differences were found in the abundance of terpenoids identified in lowland and highland pastures mainly depending on the botanical family and the contribution of each botanical species to both type of grasslands. Estimated sheep diet composition of lowland and highland flocks was different and, in consequence, ingested terpenoids calculated from the estimated diet composition and individual plant terpene analysis were different. The multivariate approach provided robustness in the terpenoid traceability from pasture to cheese selecting individual terpenoids, particularly sesquiterpenoids such as γ-cadinene and aromadendrene, which strongly contributed to discriminate between mountain and valley cheeses. These results can help regulatory bodies to implement effective traceability and authentication procedures to identify mountain cheeses and to protect added-value dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moran
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Arantza Aldezabal
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luis Javier R Barron
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain..
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Boval M, Sauvant D. Ingestive behaviour of grazing ruminants: meta-analysis of the components of bite mass. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Deutschmann K, Phatsara C, Sorachakula C, Vearasilp T, Phunphiphat W, Cherdthong A, Gerlach K, Südekum KH. In vitro gas production and in vivo nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Thai indigenous cattle fed fresh and conserved pangola grass. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1293478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chirawat Phatsara
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Choke Sorachakula
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Therdchai Vearasilp
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Katrin Gerlach
- Institut für Tierwissenschaften, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Sun X, Krijgsman L, Waghorn GC, Kjestrup H, Koolaard J, Pacheco D. Sheep numbers required for dry matter digestibility evaluations when fed fresh perennial ryegrass or forage rape. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:61-66. [PMID: 29767140 PMCID: PMC5941065 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research trials with fresh forages often require accurate and precise measurement of digestibility and variation in digestion between individuals, and the duration of measurement periods needs to be established to ensure reliable data are obtained. The variation is likely to be greater when freshly harvested feeds are given, such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and forage rape (Brassica napus L.), because the nutrient composition changes over time and in response to weather conditions. Daily feed intake and faeces output data from a digestibility trial with these forages were used to calculate the effects of differing lengths of the measurement period and differing numbers of sheep, on the precision of digestibility, with a view towards development of a protocol. Sixteen lambs aged 8 months and weighing 33 kg at the commencement of the trial were fed either perennial ryegrass or forage rape (8/treatment group) over 2 periods with 35 d between measurements. They had been acclimatised to the diets, having grazed them for 42 d prior to 11 days of indoor measurements. The sheep numbers required for a digestibility trial with different combinations of acclimatisation and measurement period lengths were subsequently calculated for 3 levels of imposed precision upon the estimate of mean dry matter (DM) digestibility. It is recommended that if the standard error of the mean for digestibility is equal to or higher than 5 g/kg DM, and if sheep are already used to a fresh perennial ryegrass or forage rape diet, then a minimum of 6 animals are needed and 4 acclimatisation days being fed individually in metabolic crates followed by 7 days of measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Sun
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Linda Krijgsman
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Holly Kjestrup
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - John Koolaard
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David Pacheco
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Valdivielso I, Bustamante M, Aldezabal A, Amores G, Virto M, Ruiz de Gordoa J, de Renobales M, Barron L. Case study of a commercial sheep flock under extensive mountain grazing: Pasture derived lipid compounds in milk and cheese. Food Chem 2016; 197:622-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Feasibility of a "leader-follower" grazing system instead of specialised paddocks with regard to integrated gastrointestinal control in small ruminant farming. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:773-8. [PMID: 25681011 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the humid tropics, small ruminant farmers have to deal with gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes (GIN), among which anthelmintic resistant (AR) populations are rapidly spreading. Although targeted selective treatments (TSTs) are being increasingly used in breeding stock, suppressive drenchings remain the rule in younger animals, for safety and ease of implementation. Until now, the weaned animals are grazed on dedicated plots, making the selection and spread of AR parasites inevitable. Given that GINs disseminate through pastures, we compared the usual grazing system (control) to a "leader-follower" grazing system (LF) for managing the entire GIN population at the farm scale. There were no significant differences between treatments for the dam reproductive parameters and level of GIN infection nor for the pre-weaning death rate of the kids. The 70-day weight of the litter was significantly lower for LF than for control goats (9.71 vs. 11.64 kg, P < 0.05). Although they were more infested with GIN (1860 vs. 966 epg, P < 0.05), the LF weaned animals grew faster (53.4 vs. 40.8 g day(-1), P < 0.05) and their death rate was lower (4.0 vs. 7.7 %, P < 0.05). The overall animal output was estimated to 1010 [911; 1086] vs. 966 [885; 1046] kg LW ha(-1) year(-1), for LF and control grazing systems, respectively. Additionally, the LF grazing system would make the stocking rate easier to manage. Therefore, it is to be recommended as a complement of TSTs in sustainable small ruminant farming.
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Agastin A, Sauvant D, Naves M, Boval M. Influence of trough versus pasture feeding on average daily gain and carcass characteristics in ruminants: A meta-analysis. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1173-83. [PMID: 24492570 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Agastin
- INRA, UR143, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, Domaine Duclos, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | - D. Sauvant
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et Alimentation, INRA-AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - M. Naves
- INRA, UR143, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, Domaine Duclos, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | - M. Boval
- INRA, UR143, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, Domaine Duclos, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
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Tikam K, Phatsara C, Mikled C, Vearasilp T, Phunphiphat W, Chobtang J, Cherdthong A, Südekum KH. Pangola grass as forage for ruminant animals: a review. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:604. [PMID: 24349943 PMCID: PMC3862857 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the introduction and investigation of pangola grass as a tropical forage species especially in Thailand. Pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha Steud., synonym D. decumbens) is one of recent examples of grasses that have been successfully introduced to Southeast Asia and is often considered as one of the highest quality tropical grasses popularly grown as pasture. Pangola grass is utilized extensively as grass for animal grazing, hay and silage making. Its crude protein content is commonly in the order of 5 to 14% of dry matter and may exceed 15% of dry matter with young regrowth under high fertilization. It has been documented that the type and number of ruminants receiving pangola grass can determine the success of its use. Results obtained when pangola grass in fresh, hay or silage form was fed to ruminant animals as supplements showed better performances in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, meat quality, and milk yield and composition. In conclusion, pangola grass is a promising forage and a source of high quality feed for ruminant animals in tropical countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanitta Tikam
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Chirawat Phatsara
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Choke Mikled
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Therdchai Vearasilp
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Wirapon Phunphiphat
- Lampang Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center, Lampang, 52190 Thailand
| | - Jeerasak Chobtang
- Bureau of Animal Nutrition Development, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Karl-Heinz Südekum
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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