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Food Industry Byproducts as Starting Material for Innovative, Green Feed Formulation: A Sustainable Alternative for Poultry Feeding. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154735. [PMID: 35897911 PMCID: PMC9332232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Rising global populations and enhanced standards of living in so-called developing countries have led to an increased demand of food, in particular meat, worldwide. While increasing the production of broiler meat could be a potential solution to this problem, broiler meat is plagued by health concerns, such as the development of antimicrobial resistance and lower meat quality. For this reason, the supplementation of poultry feed with vitamins and antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, has become an attractive prospect for research in this sector. Such supplements could be obtained by extraction of agricultural byproducts (in particular, grape pomaces and artichoke leaves and bracts), thus contributing to reductions in the total amount of waste biomass produced by the agricultural industry. In this review, the effects of poultry feed supplementation with bioactive extracts from grape pomace (skins and/or seeds), as well as extracts from artichoke leaves and bracts, were explored. Moreover, the various methods that have been employed to obtain extracts from these and other agricultural byproducts were listed and described, with a particular focus on novel, eco-friendly extraction methods (using, for example, innovative and biocompatible solvents like Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)) that could reduce the costs and energy consumption of these procedures, with similar or higher yields compared to standard methods.
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Gariglio M, Dabbou S, Gai F, Trocino A, Xiccato G, Holodova M, Gresakova L, Nery J, Bellezza Oddon S, Biasato I, Gasco L, Schiavone A. Black soldier fly larva in Muscovy duck diets: effects on duck growth, carcass property, and meat quality. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101303. [PMID: 34280644 PMCID: PMC8318895 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI) larva meal on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata domestica). A total of 192 female ducks aged 3 d were divided between 4 dietary treatments (6 pens/treatment; 8 birds/pen), characterized by increasing levels of substitution of corn gluten meal with HI meal (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%; HI0, HI3, HI6, and HI9, respectively), and reared until 50 days of age. Twelve birds/treatment (2 birds/pen) were slaughtered on d 51 to evaluate the slaughter traits (i.e., carcass, breast, thigh, and organs weights), carcass yield and meat quality. The slaughter weight, hot and chilled carcass weights, and abdominal fat weight showed a quadratic response to HI meal (minimum for the HI6 group, P < 0.05). Dietary HI meal inclusion did not influence the ultimate pH, the color, the proximate composition or the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in either the breast or thigh meat. The mineral profile of the meat was slightly affected by the dietary treatment, with a linear increase in the Cu content of the thigh meat (P < 0.05), whereas no differences were observed for Zn, Mn, or Fe. Dietary HI meal inclusion increased the saturated fatty acid rate in the thigh meat (maximum for the HI9 group, P < 0.05), and the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the breast meat (maximum for the HI0 and HI9 groups, respectively, P < 0.05). The ∑n-6/∑n-3 ratio decreased linearly in both the breast and thigh meat, with the HI9 group showing the lowest values (P < 0.05). Finally, the heavy metal concentrations were below the EU limits for poultry meat. To conclude, the inclusion up to 9% of partially defatted HI larva meal in the diet of Muscovy ducks did not affect the slaughter traits or the meat quality, although it did affect the meat fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - S Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - F Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - A Trocino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - G Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal, and Environment, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - M Holodova
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Center of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - L Gresakova
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Center of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - J Nery
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - S Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - I Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - L Gasco
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
| | - A Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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Effect of Dietary Grape Pomace on Fattening Rabbit Performance, Fatty Acid Composition, and Shelf Life of Meat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050795. [PMID: 34067887 PMCID: PMC8155864 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of agroindustry by-products in animal diets allows the use of residues that are not fit for human consumption. In this study, it was investigated whether fattening commercial rabbits during 30 days with a non-medicated feed, with 20% addition of grape pomace (GPD), affected production traits and the fatty acid composition, antioxidants properties, and the shelf life of the meat compared to a conventional strategy (CON). Furthermore, it was tested, by chromatographic analysis, whether this alternative diet allowed the transfer of phenolic compounds to the meat. Thirty-six weaned rabbits were allotted to the two treatments. In each treatment, 18 rabbits were fattened in three indoor cages, each housing three males and three female rabbits. No significant differences were found in live weights (p > 0.05), but the feed conversion rate and carcass weight and yield were found to be impaired in the GPD group (p ≤ 0.05). The GPD group had a higher intramuscular fat percentage (2.01 vs. 1.54), improved polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio (0.75 vs. 0.66), and better atherogenicity (0.71 vs. 0.83) and thrombogenicity (1.14 vs. 1.24) indexes, while the n-6/n-3 ratio was higher (25.4 vs. 20.3). Total volatile basic nitrogen in meat was lower in the GPD group (p = 0.01), suggesting a delayed spoilage. However, no improvements in total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, reducing power, and lipid oxidation (p > 0.05) were found in the meat. Even though the GPD pellets offered to the animals had several grape-derived phenolic compounds, and higher antioxidant properties compared to the CON diet, none of the phenolic compounds detected in feeds were detected in the meat samples.
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Bilberry pomace in rabbit nutrition: effects on growth performance, apparent digestibility, caecal traits, bacterial community and antioxidant status. Animal 2018; 13:53-63. [PMID: 29774828 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111800099x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural by-products could be used as alternative raw materials in rabbit nutrition as they have been found to be highly nutritious and low cost feeding sources. The aim of this study was to estimate the nutritive value and potential use of bilberry pomace (BP) for growing rabbits. A total of 144 Grimaud rabbits (35 days old) were allotted to four groups and fed with a diet containing increasing level of BP: BP0 (basal diet), BP5, BP10 and BP15 containing 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg respectively. Growth trial lasted 48 days; apparent digestibility was evaluated, starting at 46 days of age, over 4 consecutive days. The nutritive value of BP was measured using the mean digestibility of the experimental diets. At 83 days of age, rabbits were slaughtered: blood, and liver and kidney samples were collected in order to determine the blood parameters and the antioxidant enzyme activities of the tissues. Moreover, caecal content was sampled and gut microbiota assessed by means of amplicon-based high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The digestible protein was estimated to 104 g/kg of DM while digestible energy to 9.44 MJ/kg DM for incorporation rate up to 150 g/kg. During the finishing period, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio showed linear response to BP increase (P=0.008 and <0.001, respectively). During all the period, both parameters decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing BP inclusion levels (P<0.001) up to 100 g/kg of BP. A significant effect of the antioxidant status was found in the kidneys and liver (P<0.05) where the glutathione peroxidase activity increased as the BP increased. As far as gut microbiota is concerned, BP increased the relative abundance of the Clostridium, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus and Ruminococcaceae species which were clearly associated with the BP inclusion level. In conclusion, BP showed a potential use as an alternative protein and fibre sources for growing rabbits.
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Dabbou S, Gasco L, Rotolo L, Pozzo L, Tong JM, Dong XF, Rubiolo P, Schiavone A, Gai F. Effects of dietary alfalfa flavonoids on the performance, meat quality and lipid oxidation of growing rabbits. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:270-277. [PMID: 28728357 PMCID: PMC5767510 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present experiment has tested the effect of dietary alfalfa flavonoids (AAF) supplementation on the productive performances, carcass characteristics, meat quality and lipid oxidation of growing rabbits. Methods One hundred and sixty crossbred rabbits (42 days old) were divided into four groups of forty animals each and were fed either a control diet (AAF0) or an AAF0 diet supplemented with 400, 800, or 1,200 mg of AAF/kg per diet (AAF4, AAF8, and AAF12, respectively) from weaning to slaughtering (102 days old). Performance data were recorded over a period of 60 days. At the end of the trial, 12 rabbits were slaughtered per group, and the carcass characteristics were recorded. Moreover, the plasma, liver and dorsal muscles were sampled from 12 rabbits/group, and were analyzed for lipid oxidation. Results No significant differences were recorded for the performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits except for lightness parameter that was lower in the control group. Dietary AAF supplementation significantly (p<0.01) affected the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the frozen meat in a dose-related manner, with the lowest value (0.24 mg MDA/kg fresh meat) recorded in the AAF12 group samples. Conclusion These findings indicated that the dietary inclusion of AAF in rabbit diets improved muscle oxidation stability with no adverse effects on the growth performance of the animals even if a slight impact on meat lightness color parameter was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Rotolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luisa Pozzo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jian Ming Tong
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Fang Dong
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Dabbou S, Renna M, Lussiana C, Gai F, Rotolo L, Kovitvadhi A, Brugiapaglia A, Helal AN, Schiavone A, Zoccarato I, Gasco L. Bilberry pomace in growing rabbit diets: effects on quality traits of hind leg meat. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1292413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnolgy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Manuela Renna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Istituto Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Rotolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Attawit Kovitvadhi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- Department of Physiology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alberto Brugiapaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ahmed Noureddine Helal
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnolgy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ivo Zoccarato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- Istituto Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
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Dabbou S, Gai F, Renna M, Rotolo L, Dabbou S, Lussiana C, Kovitvadhi A, Brugiapaglia A, De Marco M, Helal AN, Zoccarato I, Gasco L. Inclusion of bilberry pomace in rabbit diets: Effects on carcass characteristics and meat quality. Meat Sci 2017; 124:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dabbou S, Dabbou S, Flamini G, Pandino G, Gasco L, Helal AN. Phytochemical Compounds from the Crop Byproducts of Tunisian Globe Artichoke Cultivars. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1475-1483. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorisation; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir; University of Monastir; Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74 5000 Monastir Tunisia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences; University of Turin; Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 Grugliasco IT-10095 Turin
| | - Samia Dabbou
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorisation; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir; University of Monastir; Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74 5000 Monastir Tunisia
- Dentistry Faculty; University of Monastir; Avicenne Street 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno 6 IT-56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Gaetano Pandino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment; University of Catania; via Valdisavoia 5 IT-95123 Catania Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences; University of Turin; Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 Grugliasco IT-10095 Turin
- Institute of Science of Food Production; National Research Council; Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 Grugliasco IT-10095 Turin
| | - Ahmed Noureddine Helal
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorisation; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir; University of Monastir; Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74 5000 Monastir Tunisia
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Kone AP, Cinq-Mars D, Desjardins Y, Guay F, Gosselin A, Saucier L. Effects of plant extracts and essential oils as feed supplements on quality and microbial traits of rabbit meat. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2016.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of onion, cranberry, strawberry and essentials oils on meat quality were analysed. Five groups of 48 Grimaud female weaned rabbits received the supplemented or the control ration; the experimental unit was a cage of 6 rabbits. Each experimental diet contained 10 ppm of added active ingredients. Rabbits were fed with the experimental diets for 4 wk before determining slaughter and carcass traits and determining the pH at 1 and 24 h post mortem (pHu) of the <em>Longissimus dorsi</em> (LD) and the <em>Biceps femoris</em> (BF) muscle, left and right, respectively. Cooking loss, drip loss and L*, a* and b* color parameters were obtained of the right<em> </em>LD and for ground meat and antioxidant status (TBARS, DNPH, Folin Ciocalteu). Only the pHu of the LD muscle for the strawberry supplemented group was significantly lower when compared to the control group (P=0.04). However, we note that for the pH of the LD, the average was less than 6 for the meat of animals who received a diet enriched in polyphenols, compared to the control group. Plant extract supplementation did not influence meat quality traits, growth performance or oxidative stability. But under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, our results indicate that diet supplementation with extracts rich in polyphenols, especially with essential oils, had a small bot sporadic positive effect in reducing bacterial microflora compared to the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, plant extracts and essential oils can be used in a rabbit diet without adverse effects on performance and meat quality traits. This effect could be optimized by investigating higher doses.
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Effect of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) diet supplementation in rabbit nutrition on performance, digestibility, health and meat quality. Animal 2016; 10:10-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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