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Du J, Gan M, Xie Z, Zhou C, Jing Y, Li M, Liu C, Wang M, Dai H, Huang Z, Chen L, Zhao Y, Niu L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Guo Z, Shen L, Zhu L. Effects of dietary L-Citrulline supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, and fecal microbial composition in finishing pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1209389. [PMID: 37608954 PMCID: PMC10442155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in the gut ecology and development of pigs, which is always regulated by nutrients. This study investigated the effect of L-Citrulline on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and its potential regulatory mechanism. The results showed that 1% dietary L-Citrulline supplementation for 52 days significantly increased final weight, liveweight gain, carcass weight, and average backfat and markedly decreased drip loss (p < 0.05) of finishing pigs compared with the control group. Microbial analysis of fecal samples revealed a marked increase in α-diversity and significantly altered composition of gut microbiota in finishing pigs in response to L-Citrulline. In particular, these altered gut microbiota at the phylum and genus level may be mainly involved in the metabolic process of carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid, and exhibited a significant association with final weight, carcass weight, and backfat thickness. Taken together, our data revealed the potential role of L-Citrulline in the modulation of growth performance, carcass characteristics, and the meat quality of finishing pigs, which is most likely associated with gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Menglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haodong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongyi Guo
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Xie X, Huang C, Huang Y, Zou X, Zhou R, Ai H, Huang L, Ma J. Genetic architecture for skeletal muscle glycolytic potential in Chinese Erhualian pigs revealed by a genome-wide association study using 1.4M SNP array. Front Genet 2023; 14:1141411. [PMID: 37007966 PMCID: PMC10064215 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1141411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Muscle glycolytic potential (GP) is a key factor affecting multiple meat quality traits. It is calculated based on the contents of residual glycogen and glucose (RG), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), and lactate (LAT) contents in muscle. However, the genetic mechanism of glycolytic metabolism in skeletal muscle of pigs remains poorly understood. With a history of more than 400 years and some unique characteristics, the Erhualian pig is called the “giant panda” (very precious) in the world’s pig species by Chinese animal husbandry.Methods: Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 1.4M single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chips for longissimus RG, G6P, LAT, and GP levels in 301 purebred Erhualian pigs.Results: We found that the average GP value of Erhualian was unusually low (68.09 μmol/g), but the variation was large (10.4–112.7 μmol/g). The SNP-based heritability estimates for the four traits ranged from 0.16–0.32. In total, our GWAS revealed 31 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), including eight for RG, nine for G6P, nine for LAT, five for GP. Of these loci, eight were genome-wide significant (p < 3.8 × 10−7), and six loci were common to two or three traits. Multiple promising candidate genes such as FTO, MINPP1, RIPOR2, SCL8A3, LIFR and SRGAP1 were identified. The genotype combinations of the five GP-associated SNPs also showed significant effect on other meat quality traits.Discussion: These results not only provide insights into the genetic architecture of GP related traits in Erhualian, but also are useful for pig breeding programs involving this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cong Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yizhong Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zou
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Runxin Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huashui Ai
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Correspondence: Lusheng Huang, ; Junwu Ma,
| | - Junwu Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Correspondence: Lusheng Huang, ; Junwu Ma,
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Wang H, Hu M, Shen Z, Zhou X, Yang S, He K, Li X, Yan F, Zhao A. A Specific microRNA Targets an Elongase of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids to Regulate Fatty Acid Composition and Mitochondrial Morphology of Skeletal Muscle Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172274. [PMID: 36077994 PMCID: PMC9454801 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, miR-22 has been suggested to be an important microRNA (miRNA) affecting meat quality. Studies have shown that muscle fatty acid composition and mitochondrial function are closely related to meat quality. The regulatory mechanism of miR-22 on skeletal muscle fatty acid composition and mitochondrial function is not well characterized. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of miR-22 on fatty acid composition and mitochondrial function in C2C12 cells. Here, it demonstrate that elevated expression of miR-22 significantly repressed fatty acid elongation and mitochondrial morphology in C2C12 myoblasts, while the knockdown of miR-22 showed opposite results. Furthermore, miR-22 targets the elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6 (ELOVL6) and represses its expression in muscle cells. Knockdown of ELOVL6 mimicked the effect of miR-22 on fatty acid composition and mitochondrial function, while overexpression of ELOVL6 restored the effects of miR-22. These findings indicate that miR-22 downregulates the elongation of fatty acids and mitochondrial morphology by inhibiting ELOVL6 expression in muscle cells, which may provide some useful information for controlling muscle lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function in livestock in the future.
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Klupsaite D, Buckiuniene V, Bliznikas S, Sidlauskiene S, Dauksiene A, Klementaviciute J, Jurkevicius A, Zaborskiene G, Bartkiene E. Impact of Romanov breed lamb gender on carcass traits and meat quality parameters including biogenic amines and malondialdehyde changes during storage. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1745-1755. [PMID: 35702312 PMCID: PMC9179120 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Romanov breed lamb gender on carcass traits and meat quality parameters, as well as on the formation of biogenic amines (BAs) and malondialdehyde during meat storage. Obtained results revealed that lamb gender had a significant influence on sternum/breastbone, ribs, right shoulder, and bones of the back leg. Significantly higher lightness (by 3%) was found for male meat; however, higher redness of female meat was observed (by 7.7%). In all cases, a lower pH was obtained for female meat. Significantly higher cooking loss (by 38%) was found for male meat. However, gender was not a significant factor in lamb meat proximate composition, or for BAs and cholesterol content. The gender of animals had a significant influence on 10‐heptadecenoic (C17:1), linoleic (C18:2n – 6), total polyunsaturated FA, and total trans isomers content in meat. A significantly higher concentration of malondialdehyde was found in female lamb meat (by 43.4% and 56.8% in fresh and after 3 months of storage at −18°C, respectively) compared to males. Finally, the obtained results supplement the scarce database about the characteristics of Romanov breed meat of different gender and this is beneficial for lamb breeders and meat industry in order to obtain a better quality production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Vilija Buckiuniene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Saulius Bliznikas
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Sonata Sidlauskiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Agila Dauksiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Jolita Klementaviciute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Andrius Jurkevicius
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Gintare Zaborskiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania.,Department of Food Safety and Quality Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
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Ma J, Yu Q, Han L. The effect of postmortem pH decline rate on caspase-3 activation and tenderness of bovine skeletal muscle during aging. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14215. [PMID: 35484879 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of postmortem pH decline rate on caspase-3 activity and bovine muscle tenderness during aging. Protein denaturation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial apoptosis factors, and shear force were assessed in bovine muscles with different pH decline rates. The results showed that, compared with the slow group, the fast pH decline group had a 1.79% and 1.39% higher sarcoplasmic protein denaturation at 6 and 12 h, respectively (p < .05), and a significantly or extremely significantly higher ROS levels at 6-24 (p < .05, p < .01). Moreover, the fast group had a 14.05%, 22.39%,18.34%, and 25.28% of higher mitochondrial dysfunction at 6, 12, 24, and 72 h, respectively (p < .05); a 16.71%, 23.39%, 17.05%, and 26.61% of lower cytochrome c reduction levels at 6, 12, 24, and 120 h, respectively (p < .05); a significantly increased caspase-3 activity and proportion of apoptotic nuclei at 12-168 and 24-168 h, respectively (p < .05); and a 5.70%, 7.24%, 12.16%, 10.10% and 10.49% decreased shear force at 12, 24, 72,120, and 168 h, respectively (p < .05). These results demonstrated that the fast postmortem pH decline enhanced caspase-3 activation and bovine muscle tenderization by mitochondrial dysfunction-induced apoptosis during aging. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Beef tenderness has long been one of the most important concerns for consumers and the meat industry. To date, the postmortem aging process has been an effective way to improve the tenderness of chilled beef. However, changes in many of the elements in a cattle's muscle after slaughter might actually determine the final tenderness of the meat. The present study suggested that the fast postmortem pH decline could promote the activation of caspase-3 and improve the tenderness of beef during aging. This finding can provide a basis for the meat processing industry to produce beef with high tenderness. In the future, beef tenderness could even be improved by adjusting the glycolytic rate and pH of muscle for a short time after slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Hofmann HH, Heusler K, Roth K, Pröll-Cornelissen MJ, Große-Brinkhaus C, Schellander K, Neuhoff C. Oregano essential oil showed limited effects on pigs' carcass quality and haematology whereas a transcriptome analysis revealed significant modulations in the jejunum and the ileum. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1017-1035. [PMID: 34617344 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pig production depends on a health and performance balance. An approach to improve intestinal health is the oregano essential oil (OEO) supplementation within a conventional diet. Intestinal integrity regulating effects, for example gene expression, of some feed ingredients are important key factors for that balance. We hypothesized that OEO affects the expression of genes associated with pigs' intestinal integrity. In four trials, a total of 86 pigs have been used. From weaning, the 'treated' group (n = 42) was additionally fed an oregano flavour additive [1500 mg/kg (7.5% pure OEO)] within the basal diet. The 'control' group (n = 44) was kept under identical environmental conditions, except the OEO. At age of 6 months, pigs were slaughtered with an average weight of 111.1 ± 10.9 kg. In addition to automatically generated 'Fat-o-Meter' (AutoFOM) data, carcass quality factors have been measured manually. Valuable cuts of meat, such as ham and belly, were significantly reduced in the OEO group. Effects of OEO on pigs' haematologic parameters were very limited. For transcriptome analysis, the most interesting microarray expression results have been listed in a table (topTable). Selected genes were technically validated by qPCR. As a result, few significant differences in animal development and meat quality have been found between the OEO treated and the control group. Depending on OEO supplementation, we found 93 differently regulated genes in the jejunal tissue (70 up, 23 down) and 60 in the ileal tissue (48 up, 12 down). Just three genes (GRIN3B [glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B], TJP1/ZO-1 [tight junction protein ZO-1] and one uncharacterized gene) were affected by OEO both in jejunum and ileum. qPCR validation revealed AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3), Interferon (IFN) -ε, -ω, tight junction protein (TJP1)/ZO-1 (ZO-1) to be upregulated in the jejunum and C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) was upregulated in the ileum of pigs that were supplemented with OEO. OEO supplementation had limited effects on pigs' performance traits. However, we were able to demonstrate that OEO alters the expression of genes associated with adaptive immune response in pigs' small intestine. These findings help to explain OEOs' beneficial impact on pigs' intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Hendrik Hofmann
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Heusler
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Roth
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Effects of acetic acid, ethanol, and sodium chloride on the formation of Nε-carboxymethyllysine, Nε-carboxyethyllysine and their precursors in commercially sterilized pork. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ramos PM, Bell LC, Wohlgemuth SE, Scheffler TL. Mitochondrial Function in Oxidative and Glycolytic Bovine Skeletal Muscle Postmortem. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.11698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality is traditionally associated with anaerobic metabolism due to cessation of the oxygen supply post-mortem. However, mitochondrial (mt) function early postmortem may affect the development of meat quality characteristics, such as adenosine triphosphate levels and pH decline. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate mt function ex vivo during the first 24 h postmortem in muscles with differences in mt content. Samples from longissimus lumborum (LL) and diaphragm (Dia) were taken from steers (n = 6) at 1, 3, and 24 h postmortem and frozen to determine citrate synthase (CS) activity and mt protein expression (immunodetection) or were fresh-preserved for high-resolution respirometry. Integrative oxygen consumption rate (picomoles per second per milligram of tissue) was measured and normalized to CS activity as a proxy for mt content (intrinsic mt function, picomoles per second per unit CS). CS activity (P < 0.001) and mt protein expression (P < 0.001) were greater in Dia, which was reflected in mt respiration. Muscle type affected (P < 0.001) integrative leak respiration and was greater in mt from Dia; oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was also greater in Dia and influenced by time postmortem (muscle × time: P = 0.01). Intrinsic leak and OXPHOS were affected by muscle and time (muscle × time: P = 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively), with the most pronounced differences at 24 h postmortem. Stimulation of OXPHOS by cytochrome c as an indicator of outer mt membrane integrity was influenced by muscle and time postmortem (muscle × time: P = 0.03); it was greater in mt from LL. Despite intrinsic differences in respiratory function at 24 h, mt from both muscles were intact and coupled at 1 h postmortem. Reduced content and respiratory function in mt from LL are associated with early fragmentation, which could impact protease activation and subsequently meat quality.
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Wu W, Zhang Z, Chao Z, Li B, Li R, Jiang A, Kim KH, Liu H. Transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis of skeletal muscle glycolytic potential based on a pig model. Gene 2020; 766:145157. [PMID: 32949697 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycolytic potential (GP) calculated based on glucose, glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate, and lactate contents is a critical factor for multiple meat quality characteristics. However, the genetic basis of glycolytic metabolism is still unclear. In this study, we constructed six RNA-Seq libraries using longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles from pigs divergent for GP phenotypic values and generated the whole genome-wide gene expression profiles. Furthermore, we identified 25,880 known and 220 novel genes from these skeletal muscle libraries, and 222 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the higher and lower GP groups. Notably, we found that the Lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) and Fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) expression levels were higher in the higher GP group than the lower GP group, and positively correlated with GP and lactic acid (LA), and reversely correlated with pH value at 45 min postmortem (pH45min). Besides, LDHB and PFKFB3 expression were positively correlated with drip loss measured at 48 h postmortem (DL48h) and drip loss measured at 24 h postmortem (DL24h). Collectively, we identified a serial of DEGs as the potential key candidate genes affecting GP and found that LDHB and PFKFB3 are closely related to GP and GP-related traits. Our results lay a solid basis for in-depth studies of the regulatory mechanisms on GP and GP-related traits in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zengkai Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Chao
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Bojiang Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongyang Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiwen Jiang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47897, USA.
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Chauhan SS, England EM. Postmortem glycolysis and glycogenolysis: insights from species comparisons. Meat Sci 2018; 144:118-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Popp J, Sharifi AR, Janisch S, Krischek C. Two Frequently Used pH Determination Methods Showed Clearly Different pH Slopes During Early Post Mortem Ageing of Pork. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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