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Arcanjo AHM, Ítavo LCV, Brandão Ferreira Ítavo CC, de Bonin Gomes MN, Nazário CED, Gurgel ALC, Dias-Silva TP, Santana JCS, da Silva MGP, de Aguiar Coelho F, Miranda EL, de Melo Soares ÉS, da Silva AH, da Silva LBP, Paro RGC. Carcass and meat characteristics of Nellore young bulls fed diet using cottonseed cake as a replacer of the forage fiber source. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8027. [PMID: 38580764 PMCID: PMC10997600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of substituting traditional forage fiber sources with cottonseed cake in the diet on both the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and meat in Nelore young bulls. Twenty-four Nelore steers starting with an average weight of 377.8 ± 43.5 kg, were individually housed in stalls and provided with individualized feeding over a 112-day confinement period. The study followed a completely randomized design with two treatments and 12 replications. The diets incorporated either whole plant corn silage (WPCS) and, cottonseed cake (CSC) as fiber sources, at a rate of 300 g/kg of dry matter. The CSC diet promoted higher carcass weight. Aging animal meat for seven days significantly decreased the shear force from 83.4 to 71.6 N. Although diets did not influence meat composition, WPCS diet provided higher concentrations of C16:1, C18:1n9c, C18:3n3, and C22:2 acid, and CSC diet higher concentrations of C15:0, C18:1n9t, C18:2n6c, and 20:3n3. The WPCS diet provided higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids and ω9, and the CSC diet had higher concentrations of ω6 and ω6:ω3 ratio in meat. Cottonseed cake used as a fiber source increases the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids and ω6 fatty acids in the meat of young bulls finished in feedlot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Herbet Moreira Arcanjo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- West Unit, Getúlio Vargas Experimental Field, Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Marina Nadai de Bonin Gomes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Flávio de Aguiar Coelho
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Estevão Lopes Miranda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Évelyn Silva de Melo Soares
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Ana Hellen da Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Laura Beatriz Perez da Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Goes Cardoso Paro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Salim A, Ferrari R, Monteiro M, Mano S. Effect of different feeding systems on color of longissimus muscle from Bos cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Meat Sci 2022; 192:108871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cardoon Meal as Alternative Protein Source to Soybean Meal for Limousine Bulls Fattening Period: Effects on Growth Performances and Meat Quality Traits. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123383. [PMID: 34944160 PMCID: PMC8697895 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal is the most important protein source in beef cattle feeding. The research of alternative protein sources to replace soy use, avoiding negative effects on in vivo performance and on the product's quality, is an important issue. In this context, cardoon represents a non-OGM resilient crop that can be cultivated in marginal lands for extracting its seed oil (utilized for biodiesel and biodegradable bioplastic production) and whose and the residual meal from its seed oil (utilized for biodiesel and biodegradable bioplastic production) could be a suitable by-product for animal feeding, due to its fairly high protein content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using cardoon meal as an innovative protein source during the Limousine bulls' fattening period. Thirty-two bulls were divided into two groups and fed with a diet containing soybean meal (SG) or partially replacing soybean meal with cardoon meal as a protein source (CG), respectively. The feeding trial lasted about 11 months. Growth performances and meat physical-chemical traits were evaluated. No statistical differences in feed efficiency, average daily gain, or in the main meat quality indicators, as well as in fatty acid profiles were found among the groups. Therefore, cardoon meal could be considered as an alternative to soybean meal in fattening Limousine bulls in order to enhance the sustainability of the farming system.
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Baldassini WA, Ferreira MS, Santiago BM, Chardulo LAL, Curi RA, Lanna DP, Ribeiro RV, Martins CL, Arrigoni M, Machado Neto OR. Intake, performance, meat quality and fatty acid profile of Nellore bulls finished in feedlot with diets containing dry corn gluten feed. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Koch E, Hopmann C, Fröhlich LF, Schebb NH. Fatty acid and oxylipin concentration differ markedly between different fetal bovine serums: A cautionary note. Lipids 2021; 56:613-616. [PMID: 34435366 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been used as a universal supplement in cell culture for more than six decades. This includes the investigation of lipid and lipid mediator formation and biology. Little is known about the (polyunsaturated) fatty acid composition and their oxidation products in FBS. Therefore, we analyzed six different FBS purchased from three different companies regarding their fatty acid and oxylipin concentrations. We found pronounced differences in the fatty acid concentrations. Even two batches of "standardized" FBS batches from one company showed drastic differences (e.g., for eicosapentaenoic acid 5 ± 1 μM vs. 11 ± 1 μM). Oxylipin concentrations also markedly differ between the FBS lots. The highest differences were found for 12-lipoxygenase products (e.g., 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid free 21-87 nM and total 58-108 nM), probably due to inconsistent serum generation procedures. Our results indicate that for cell culture studies dealing with lipid metabolism, researchers should carefully characterize their used FBS to ensure reliability and reproducibility of study outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Koch
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carolin Hopmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Laura-Fabienne Fröhlich
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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Idamokoro EM, Falowo AB, Oyeagu CE, Afolayan AJ. Multifunctional activity of vitamin E in animal and animal products: A review. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13352. [PMID: 32783336 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E is an essential nontoxic fat-soluble micronutrient whose effects on livestock performance and products can be attributed to its antioxidant and nonantioxidant properties. Although it is needed in small quantity in the diet, its roles in livestock production are indispensable as it is required in boosting performance, nutritional qualities, and yield of animal and animal products. The dietary or oral supplementation of vitamin E is essential in reducing lipid oxidation in muscle, egg, and dairy products as well as lowering cholesterol concentrations and improving antioxidant status of livestock. Evidence has shown that bioavailability of vitamin E-enriched animal products could serve as an invaluable nutritional benefit to consumers; especially those in regions of limited resources where vitamin E deficiencies pose a risk that may be detrimental to some cellular activities of the body and on human health. It is therefore important to redirect research on the impact of vitamin E supplementation as antioxidant on livestock performance and animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrobowansan M Idamokoro
- Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute, University of Fort Hare Private Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa.,MPED Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Andrew B Falowo
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Department of Animal Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Chika E Oyeagu
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony J Afolayan
- MPED Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Feedlot diets with soybean oil, selenium and vitamin E alters rumen metabolism and fatty acids content in steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Oliveira CVR, Schoonmaker JP, Casagrande DR, Machado Neto OR, Reis VAA, Teixeira PD, Santos LR, Ladeira MM. Effects of soybean meal versus processed whole soybean diets on the performance of young bulls and the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context It is hypothesised that the use of processed soybean for feedlot beef cattle improves feed efficiency and produces beef with a better fatty acid profile for human health. Aims This study aimed to evaluate average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass traits, chemical composition, fatty acid profile and colour in the beef of young bulls fed diets with ground or extruded soybean. Methods A total of 60 young Zebu bulls (Nellore or Nellore crossed with other Zebu breeds) with an average initial liveweight of 320 ± 8.12 kg and an average initial age of 20 ± 2 months were randomly assigned to receive one of the following diets for 84 days: dehulled and defatted soybean meal (3.22% of ether extract), ground soybean (6.51% of ether extract) or extruded soybean (6.37% of ether extract). The fatty acid profiles of these animals were analysed using high-resolution gas chromatography. The CIE L*a*b* colour space model was used to numerically describe the colour during the aging period (0, 7, 14 and 21 days). Key results Diet had no effect on the average daily gain, feed efficiency or carcass traits of the animals (P > 0.05). Protein, ether extract and ash composition of the Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle were not affected (P > 0.30) by the use of processed soybean grains. The ground soybean diet decreased oleic acid and C18:2 c9, t11 concentrations, but increased C18:2 t10, c12 and trans-octadecenoic acid isomer concentrations in the LL muscle compared with those in the dehulled and defatted soybean meal and extruded soybean diets (P < 0.05). Muscle from bulls fed processed soybean exhibited greater concentrations of stearic acid and saturated fatty acids, and a lower concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as a decreased unsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids ratio (P < 0.05). Processed soybean grains did not affect (P > 0.05) the LL muscle pH or colour. Conclusions The use of ground or extruded soybean did not affect the performance, carcass traits, LL protein, ether extract or ash composition, and had no impact on beef colour compared with the diet containing soybean meal. Processed whole soybeans in the diet did not increase unsaturated fatty acids or conjugated linoleic acid in beef compared with a diet without soybean meal. Implications Up to 20% of ground or extruded soybean in feedlot beef cattle can be used as a replacement for soybean meal and corn.
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Jin CL, Gao CQ, Wang Q, Zhang ZM, Xu YL, Li HC, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Effects of pioglitazone hydrochloride and vitamin E on meat quality, antioxidant status and fatty acid profiles in finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2018; 145:340-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ferrinho AM, Nassu RT, Aldai N, Bravo-Lamas L, Furlan MLN, Toda BM, Utembergue BL, Rezende RG, Mueller LF, Furlan JJM, Zanata M, Baldi F, Pereira ASC. Whole cottonseed, vitamin E and finishing period affect the fatty acid profile and sensory traits of meat products from Nellore cattle. Meat Sci 2017; 138:15-22. [PMID: 29289714 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how different finishing periods and the inclusion of whole cottonseed and vitamin E in diets fed to feedlot cattle affect meat lipid composition and sensory traits of fresh beef and hamburgers. Fifty-four Nellore bulls were fed 3 different diets (C: control; WCS: 30% whole cottonseed; WCSE: 30% whole cottonseed plus vitamin E) during finishing periods of 83, 104, and 111days. The inclusion of cottonseed did not affect saturated fatty acid levels (SFA), but increased the levels of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in meat. The SFA levels and n-6/n-3 ratio increased over the length of finishing period. In general, meat products from animals fed the WCS and WCSE diets were more tender and juicier (P<0.05); however, an off-flavor was detected by the panelists (P<0.05). The sensory difference test results showed that the WCS hamburger flavor was not significantly different for the studied lengths of finishing period. Addition of 30% DM cottonseed in diets for cattle did not promote changes likely to affect human health, and it provided a more tender and juiciness meat, however differences in the off flavor were perceived only by panelist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noelia Aldai
- Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Leire Bravo-Lamas
- Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maísa L N Furlan
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Toda
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Romulo G Rezende
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lenise F Mueller
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Joyce J M Furlan
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Zanata
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-000, Brazil
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ESTEVES C, VARASCHIN MS, GARBOSSA CAP, MARÇAL JO, CARVALHO FPD, FARIA PB. Performance, carcass parameters, meat quality and lipid profile from feedlot young bulls fed cottonseed. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402017000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass, meat quality, fatty acid profile and liver alterations of cattle supplemented with cottonseed feedlot. It used 100 Nelore cattle, being divided into two groups of 50 animals, which received a cottonseed (CS) in grain form by the diet in the proportion of 15% and the other group was provided with control diet without CS in the feedlot for 88 days. The diets were isoprotein and isoenergetic and concentrate:roughage ratio of 60:40. The animals were slaughter in the end of experimental time and the collection of liver samples for histological analysis. After cooling 24 hours at ± 1°C were conducted evaluation of carcass and major cuts, final pH and collected muscle samples longissimus to carry out the physicochemical analyzes (Color, Cooking Loss, Pigments and Shear Force), chemical composition, fatty acid profile and oxidation. The inclusion of CS in the diet provided animals with higher slaughter weight, daily weight gain, Hindquarter, however, the animals showed reduced carcass yield, forequarter weight and Thin flank, without changing the parameters as rib-eye area and backfat thickness. There was an increase of the yellow values (b*) and moisture with the final pH reduction. There was no influence of the use of cottonseed in relation to histological parameters evaluated in the liver. The cottonseed in the feeding feedlot cattle promoted improvement in animal performance, despite the reduction of the forequarter weight, with appropriate aspects of meat quality, fatty acid profile and conservation.
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Correia BR, Carvalho GGP, Oliveira RL, Pires AJV, Ribeiro OL, Silva RR, Leão AG, Simionato JI, Carvalho BMA. Production and quality of beef from young bulls fed diets supplemented with peanut cake. Meat Sci 2016; 118:157-63. [PMID: 27050756 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peanut cake is a biodiesel byproduct that has been tested as an alternative feed additive for use in cattle production. This study aimed to assess the importance of dietary peanut cake inclusion for young bull growth rate, beef production, and beef quality. In total, 32 Nellore young bulls individually housed in stalls with a mean initial body weight of 390±43.5kg were distributed in a completely randomized design for the experiment. The animals were fed Tifton 85 hay and one of four concentrate mixtures with 0, 33, 66 or 100% peanut cake instead of soybean meal. There was a linear reduction (P<0.05) in the slaughter weight and hot carcass weight and a quadratic effect (P<0.05) on the beef texture. No alterations occurred in the physicochemical characteristics of the longissimus thoracis; however, changes were observed (P<0.05) in the longissimus thoracis fatty acid profile. The replacement of soybean meal with peanut cake at levels up to 100% in the diet of feedlot-finished young bulls promotes a beneficial increase in the levels of PUFAs and the following nutraceutical compounds: conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and Ω3 and Ω6 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Correia
- Postgraduate Studies in Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - R R Silva
- State University of Southeast Bahia, Brazil
| | - A G Leão
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil
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