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Santos D, Monteiro MJ, Voss HP, Komora N, Teixeira P, Pintado M. The most important attributes of beef sensory quality and production variables that can affect it: A review. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Foggi G, Ciucci F, Conte M, Casarosa L, Serra A, Giannessi E, Lenzi C, Salvioli S, Conte G, Mele M. Histochemical Characterisation and Gene Expression Analysis of Skeletal Muscles from Maremmana and Aubrac Steers Reared on Grazing and Feedlot Systems. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030656. [PMID: 33801206 PMCID: PMC7999344 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Muscle fibre types and sizes are important factors affecting muscle growth potential and meat quality. Their variability depends on some factors like muscle type, animal breed, physical activity, and they could be going through morphological or metabolic modifications, throughout animal life. Two muscles from Maremmana, an autochthonous breed from Tuscany (Italy), was compared to those from Aubrac, a breed from the Massif Central (France), under histochemical and gene expression points of view. Both these breeds were poorly studied, and the results identified Maremmana muscles were more oxidative in comparison to Aubrac. Moreover, steers of each breed were proportionally divided and reared on grazing or feedlot systems. Conversely to what was expected, the voluntary physical activity on pasture, another aspect poorly studied, influenced neither histochemical characteristics nor the gene expression. Abstract This study aimed to characterise the fibre composition of Triceps brachii (TB) and Semimembranosus (SM) muscles from 20 Maremmana (MA) and 20 Aubrac (AU) steers, and the effect of grazing activity in comparison with feedlot system. The histochemical method was performed with the m-ATPase method with an acid pre-incubation, thus allowing to distinguish type I, IIA, and IIB fibres. Additionally, on total RNA extracted from SM muscle, the expressions of atp1a1, mt-atp6, and capn1 genes were evaluated, in order to find potential associations with muscle fibre histochemical characteristics. In SM muscle, the MA steers had the greater frequency of oxidative fibres (type I and IIA) and the higher atp1a1 expression, in comparison to AU steers. Conversely, AU steers had a greater frequency of type IIB fibres, and the higher capn1 expression. A similar histochemical pattern was observed in TB muscle. The grazing activity was probably insufficient to determine differences both for fibre proportion and size, and gene expressions, except for mt-atp6 expression that was surprisingly highest in feedlot MA in comparison to other steers. These findings further the knowledge of muscle properties belonging to these breeds, and the effect of voluntary physical activity since few studies were available in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Foggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Ciucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Conte
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Laura Casarosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Serra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “Enrico Avanzi”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giannessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Carla Lenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “Enrico Avanzi”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (L.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.)
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “Enrico Avanzi”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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Owen RN, Latham CM, Long CR, Randel RD, Welsh TH, White-Springer SH. Temperament influences mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle from 8 through 18 mo of age in Brahman heifers. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa291. [PMID: 32877918 PMCID: PMC7751149 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperamental cattle tend to yield carcasses of poorer quality, and Brahman cattle are reportedly more temperamental than non-indicus cattle breeds. A potential link between temperament and product quality may be mitochondrial activity. We hypothesized that mitochondrial measures would be greater in temperamental compared with calm heifers and that the relationships between temperament and mitochondria would persist as heifers age. Serum cortisol and skeletal muscle (longissimus thoracis [LT] and trapezius [TRAP]) mitochondrial profiles and antioxidant activities were quantified from the same calm (n = 6) and temperamental (n = 6) Brahman heifers at 8, 12, and 18 mo of age. Data were analyzed using a mixed model ANOVA in SAS (9.4) with repeated measures. Serum cortisol was greater in temperamental compared with calm heifers throughout the study (P = 0.02). Mitochondrial volume density (citrate synthase [CS] activity) increased over time (P < 0.0001) but was similar between temperament and muscle groups. Mitochondrial function (cytochrome c oxidase activity) was greatest in the temperamental LT at 8 mo of age (P ≤ 0.0006), greatest in the temperamental TRAP at 18 mo of age (P ≤ 0.003), and did not differ by temperament at 12 mo of age. Integrative (relative to tissue wet weight) mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity with complex I substrates (PCI), PCI plus complex II substrate (PCI+II), noncoupled electron transfer system capacity (ECI+II), and E with functional complex II only (ECII) were greater in the TRAP than LT for calm heifers at all ages (P ≤ 0.002), but were similar between muscle groups in temperamental heifers. Overall, calm heifers tended to have greater intrinsic (relative to CS activity) PCI and flux control of PCI+II (P ≤ 0.1) than temperamental heifers, indicating greater utilization of complex I paired with greater coupling efficiency in calm heifers. Within the LT, integrative PCI+II was greater (P = 0.05) and ECI+II tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in temperamental compared with calm heifers. From 8- to 18-mo old, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity decreased (P < 0.0001) and superoxide dismutase activity increased (P = 0.02), and both were similar between muscle groups. The activity of GPx was greater in temperamental compared with calm heifers at 8 (P = 0.004) but not at 12 or 18 mo of age. These results detail divergent skeletal muscle mitochondrial characteristics of live Brahman heifers according to temperament, which should be further investigated as a potential link between temperament and product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi N Owen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | - Christine M Latham
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | - Charles R Long
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX
| | - Ronald D Randel
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX
| | - Thomas H Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | - Sarah H White-Springer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
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Costa ASH, Costa P, Alves SP, Alfaia CM, Prates JAM, Vleck V, Cassar-Malek I, Hocquette JF, Bessa RJB. Does growth path influence beef lipid deposition and fatty acid composition? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193875. [PMID: 29614102 PMCID: PMC5882120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in transcriptomics, gene expression studies addressing cattle´s skeletal muscle adaptations in response to compensatory growth are warranted, particularly regarding lipid metabolism due to its impact in meat sensory and nutritional traits. In the present study, in comparison to ad libitum feeding, a period of feed restriction was used in order to understand the changes in bull´s lipid metabolism and gene expression of the adipogenic and lipogenic pathways after re-alimentation. Thus, 40 young Alentejana bulls were either fed ad libitum (CG group) from 9 to 18 months of age or subjected to food restriction from 9 to 15 months of age, and fed ad libitum until 24 months of age (DG group). The intramuscular fat (IMF) and total fatty acids (FA) contents were similar between groups. The major FA (>2%) contents were similar (16:0, 16:1c9, 18:1c9 and 18:2n-6) between treatments with the exception of 18:0 content that was 15% lower in DG than in CG and 20:4n-6 that tended to be greater on DG bulls. Regarding minor FA (<2%), the DG group presented greater proportions (P<0.01) of 17:1c9, 18:1t9, 18:1t10 (, 18:1c11), 18:1c13, 18:3n-6, 22:0, 22:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 and lower (P<0.05) proportions of 20:0, 18:1t16+c14, and branched chain FA (iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, iso-16:0 and anteiso-17:0) than the CG group. Delta-9 desaturase activity indices were consistently greater (P<0.05) in DG, when compared to the CG group. Regarding microarray analysis, differentially expressed genes between CG and DG bulls were grouped in 5 main biological functions: lipid and nucleic acid metabolisms, small molecule biochemistry, molecular transport and translational modification. Discontinuous growth down-regulated the expression of ACACB (FC (fold-change) = 1.32), FABP3 (FC = 1.45), HADHA (FC = 1.41) and SLC37A4 (FC = 1.40) genes, when compared to the CG system (FDR<0.05). In contrast, in the CG bulls, the expression of ELOVL5 (FC = 1.58) and FASN (FC = 1.71) was down-regulated when compared to DG bulls. These results were confirmed to be significant (P<0.05) in the case of ELOVL5, FASN and SLC37A4, and almost significant for FABP3 by qRT-PCR analysis. The SCD1 and SCD5 gene expressions were not found to be affected by growth path. These results contribute to the still scarce knowledge about the mechanisms involved in fatty acid metabolism during compensatory growth which have decisive role on meat quality produced in Mediterranean areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. H. Costa
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Costa
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Susana P. Alves
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina M. Alfaia
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Veronica Vleck
- CIPER – Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da costa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabelle Cassar-Malek
- INRA, UR 1213, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Theix, Saint-Genés Champanelle, France
- Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213, Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-François Hocquette
- INRA, UR 1213, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Theix, Saint-Genés Champanelle, France
- Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213, Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rui J. B. Bessa
- CIISA – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
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Joo SH, Lee KW, Hwang YH, Joo ST. Histochemical Characteristics in Relation to Meat Quality Traits of Eight Major Muscles from Hanwoo Steers. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:716-725. [PMID: 29147095 PMCID: PMC5686330 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.5.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between composition of muscle fiber types and meat quality traits of eight major muscles from Hanwoo steers. Longissimus lumborum (LL), psoas major (PM), semimembranosus (SM), semitendinosus (ST), gluteus medius (GM), triceps brachii (TB), rectus abdominis (RA) and superficialis flexor (SF) muscles were obtained from 9 Hanwoo steers and subjected to histochemical analysis. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in fiber number percentage (FNP) and fiber area percentage (FAP) of fiber types among these 8 major muscles. SF had the highest FNP of type I (55.9%), followed by PM (46.4%), TB (45.4%), RA (38.5%), LD (36.8%), GM (36.0%), SM (22.2%), and ST (18.8%). FAP of type IIB ranged from 9.9% in SF to 58.7% in ST. Meat quality traits, including fat content, myoglobin content, collagen content, CIE L* and a*, drip and cooking loss, sarcomere length and Warner-Bratzler shear force, were all significantly (p<0.05) different among these muscles. Due to such diversities among these 8 muscles, lack of correlations were found between fiber type composition and meat quality traits. These results suggest that correlation for each individual muscle should be used to improve meat quality and profitability of retail beef cuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Joo
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Hwang
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea
| | - Seon-Tea Joo
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea
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