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McCarty KJ, DeCarlo AN, Ricks RE, Pratt SL, Long NM. Effects of maternal nutrient restriction during gestation on bovine serum microRNA abundance. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 263:107435. [PMID: 38401394 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of maternal nutrient restriction during gestation on serum microRNA (miRNA) abundance in cattle. Primiparous Angus-cross cows (n=22) were fed either control (CON; to gain 1 Kg/week) or nutrient restricted (NR; 0.55% NEm) diets based on National Research Council requirements. On day 30 of gestation, cows were blocked by body condition and randomly assigned to one of three diets: CON (n=8) days 30-190; NR (n=7) days 30-110 followed by CON days 110-190 (NR/C); or CON (n=7) days 30-110 followed by NR days 110-190 (C/NR). At 190 days of gestation, maternal serum was collected for RNA isolation and analyzed using a miRNA microarray of known Bos taurus sequences. Data were normalized using LOWESS and analyzed via ANOVA. At 190 days of gestation, 16 miRNAs exhibited differential abundance (P<0.05) between treatments. Cows that underwent NR, irrespective of when the insult occurred, had downregulated bta-miR-126-3p compared to CON cows. Bta-miR-16b was downregulated and three miRNAs upregulated in NR/C compared to C/NR and CON cows. Additionally, seven miRNAs were downregulated and four miRNAs upregulated in C/NR compared to NR/C and CON cows. Comparison of NR/C and C/NR cows revealed three differentially abundant (P<0.04) miRNAs (bta-miR-2487_L-2R-3_1ss15CT, bta-miR-215, and bta-miR-760-5p). Top KEGG pathway enrichment of target genes included: pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling, focal adhesion, Ras signaling, proteoglycans in cancer, and MAPK signaling. In summary, maternal nutrient restriction altered serum miRNA abundance profiles irrespective of the time at which the nutritional insult was induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J McCarty
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - A N DeCarlo
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - R E Ricks
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - S L Pratt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - N M Long
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Redifer CA, Wichman LG, Rathert-Williams AR, Freetly HC, Meyer AM. Late gestational nutrient restriction in primiparous beef females: nutrient partitioning among the dam, fetus, and colostrum during gestation. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad195. [PMID: 37314299 PMCID: PMC10400126 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fall-calving primiparous crossbred beef females [body weight (BW): 451 ± 28 (SD) kg; body condition score (BCS): 5.4 ± 0.7] were allocated by fetal sex and expected calving date to receive either 100% (control; CON; n = 13) or 70% (nutrient restricted; NR; n = 13) of metabolizable energy and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth from day 160 of gestation to calving. Heifers were individually-fed chopped poor quality hay and supplemented to meet targeted nutritional planes based on estimated hay intakes. Dam BW, BCS, backfat, and metabolic status were determined pre-treatment, every 21 d (BW and metabolic status) or 42 d (BCS and backfat) during gestation, and post-calving. At birth, calf BW and size were measured, and total colostrum from the most full rear quarter was collected pre-suckling. Data were analyzed with nutritional plane, treatment initiation date, and calf sex (when P < 0.25) as fixed effects. Gestational metabolites included day and nutritional plane × day as repeated measures. During late gestation, CON dams gained (P < 0.01) maternal (non-gravid) BW and maintained (P ≥ 0.17) BCS and backfat, while NR dams lost (P < 0.01) maternal BW, BCS, and backfat. Circulating glucose, urea N, and triglycerides were less (P ≤ 0.05) in NR dams than CON at most late gestational timepoints after treatment initiation. Circulating non-esterified fatty acids were greater (P < 0.01) in NR dams than CON. Post-calving, NR dams weighed 63.6 kg less (P < 0.01) and were 2.0 BCS less (P < 0.01) than CON. At 1 h post-calving, NR dams had less (P = 0.01) plasma glucose and tended to have less (P = 0.08) plasma triglycerides than CON. Nutrient restriction did not affect (P ≥ 0.27) gestation length, calf birth weight, or calf size at birth. Colostrum yield was 40% less (P = 0.04) in NR dams than CON. Protein and immunoglobulin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.04), but free glucose and urea N concentrations were less (P ≤ 0.03), in colostrum of NR dams than CON. Colostrum total lactose, free glucose, and urea N were less (P ≤ 0.03) in NR dams than CON, but total protein, triglycerides, and immunoglobulins were not affected (P ≥ 0.55). In summary, beef heifers experiencing late gestational nutrient restriction prioritized partitioning nutrients to fetal growth and colostrum production over maternal growth. During undernutrition, fetal and colostral nutrient demands were largely compensated for by catabolism of maternal tissue stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby A Redifer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lindsey G Wichman
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Harvey C Freetly
- USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Allison M Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Influence of feed restriction and subsequent recovery on lactating Charolais cows. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Taylor RK, McCarty KM, LeMaster CT, Ricks RE, Pratt SL, Long NM. Effects of nutrient restriction during early or mid-gestation in bovine on placental development and miRNA expression in the cotyledon. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 237:106935. [PMID: 35093729 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine effects of maternal nutrient restriction (NR) during early or mid-gestation on uterine composition and miRNA expression in cotyledons. Primiparous Angus-cross cows (n = 38) were synchronized and inseminated using male sexed semen, blocked by body condition score and body weight (BW), and assigned to treatments. Animals were fed either: control (CON; gain 1 kg/week) or NR (55% maintenance energy and crude protein requirements) based on BW. An initial set of animals were fed either NR (n = 8) or CON (n = 8) from day 30-110 of gestation. A second set of animals were fed CON (n = 8) d 30-190 (CON/CON); NR (n = 7) day 30-110 followed by CON day 110-190 (NR/CON); or CON (n = 7) day 30-110 followed by NR day 110-190 (CON/NR). Cows were harvested on day 110 or 190 of gestation to collect placental tissues. RNA was isolated from cotyledon samples (3 animals/group) prior to microarray analysis using known Bos taurus microRNA sequences. Relative microRNA abundance was analyzed via ANOVA. Maternal NR increased (P < 0.05) cotyledon weight and total placentome surface area irrespective of gestational day. At day 110 of gestation, 51 microRNAs were reduced while 91 microRNAs observed greater abundance (P < 0.05) in NR verses CON cotyledons. At day 190 of gestation, 40 microRNAs were reduced and 26 microRNAs were increased (P < 0.05) in both NR/CON and CON/NR verses CON cotyledons. Top KEGG pathway analysis included: axon guidance, endocytosis, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, and MAPK signaling pathway. Early-gestation maternal NR altered microRNA abundance to a greater extent than mid-gestation NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Taylor
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - K M McCarty
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - C T LeMaster
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - R E Ricks
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - S L Pratt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - N M Long
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Copping KJ, Hoare A, McMillen IC, Rodgers RJ, Wallace CR, Perry VEA. Maternal periconceptional and first trimester protein restriction in beef heifers: effects on maternal performance and early fetal growth. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:835-850. [PMID: 32527374 DOI: 10.1071/rd19149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of protein restriction during the periconception (PERI) and first trimester (POST) periods on maternal performance, physiology and early fetal growth. Yearling nulliparous heifers (n=360) were individually fed a diet high or low in protein (HPeri and LPeri respectively) beginning 60 days before conception. From 24 to 98 days post-conception (dpc), half of each treatment group changed to the alternative post-conception high- or low-protein diet (HPost and LPost respectively), yielding four groups in a 2×2 factorial design with a common diet until parturition. Protein restriction was associated with lower bodyweight subsequent to reduced (but positive) average daily weight gain (ADG) during the PERI and POST periods. During the POST period, ADG was greater in LPeri than HPeri heifers and tended to be greater in LPost than HPost heifers during the second and third trimester. Bodyweight was similar at term. The pregnancy rate did not differ, but embryo loss between 23 and 36 dpc tended to be greater in LPeri than HPeri heifers. Overall, a greater proportion of male fetuses was detected (at 60 dpc 63.3% male vs 36.7% female). Protein restriction altered maternal plasma urea, non-esterified fatty acids, progesterone, leptin and insulin-like growth factor 1 at critical stages of fetal development. However, profiles varied depending on the sex of the conceptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Copping
- University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew Hoare
- South East Vets, 314 Commercial Street, Mount Gambier, SA 5290, Australia
| | | | - Raymond J Rodgers
- University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Charles R Wallace
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Viv E A Perry
- University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; and Corresponding author.
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Costa TC, Du M, Nascimento KB, Galvão MC, Meneses JAM, Schultz EB, Gionbelli MP, Duarte MDS. Skeletal Muscle Development in Postnatal Beef Cattle Resulting from Maternal Protein Restriction during Mid-Gestation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030860. [PMID: 33803518 PMCID: PMC8003034 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal protein restriction during mid-gestation on the skeletal muscle composition of the offspring. In the restriction treatment (RES, n = 9), cows were fed a basal diet, while in the control (CON, n = 9) group cows received the same RES diet plus the protein supplement during mid-gestation (100-200d). Samples of Longissimus dorsi muscle were collected from the offspring at 30d and 450d postnatal. Muscle fiber number was found to be decreased as a result of maternal protein restriction and persisted throughout the offspring's life (p < 0.01). The collagen content was enhanced (p < 0.05) due to maternal protein restriction at 30d. MHC2X mRNA expression tended to be higher (p = 0.08) in RES 30d offspring, however, no difference (p > 0.05) was found among treatments at 450d. Taken together, our results suggest that maternal protein restriction during mid-gestation has major and persistent effects by reducing muscle fiber formation and may slightly increase collagen accumulation in the skeletal muscle of the offspring. Although maternal protein restriction may alter the muscle fiber metabolism by favoring the establishment of a predominant glycolytic metabolism, the postnatal environment may be a determinant factor that establishes the different proportion of muscle fiber types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Correia Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG 3657-000, Brazil;
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG 3657-000, Brazil
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA;
| | - Karolina Batista Nascimento
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras MG 37200-900, Brazil; (K.B.N.); (M.C.G.); (J.A.M.M.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Matheus Castilho Galvão
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras MG 37200-900, Brazil; (K.B.N.); (M.C.G.); (J.A.M.M.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Javier Andrés Moreno Meneses
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras MG 37200-900, Brazil; (K.B.N.); (M.C.G.); (J.A.M.M.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Erica Beatriz Schultz
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica RJ 23897-000, Brazil;
| | - Mateus Pies Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras MG 37200-900, Brazil; (K.B.N.); (M.C.G.); (J.A.M.M.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Marcio de Souza Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG 3657-000, Brazil;
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG 3657-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(31)-3612-4636
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Gestation Food Restriction and Refeeding Compensate Maternal Energy Status and Alleviate Metabolic Consequences in Juvenile Offspring in a Rabbit Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020310. [PMID: 33499108 PMCID: PMC7912334 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status during gestation can influence mother and offspring metabolism. Undernutrition in pregnancy affects women in both western and developing countries, and it is associated with a high prevalence of chronic diseases in later life. The present work was conducted in the rabbit model, as a longitudinal study, to examine the effect of food restriction during early and mid-gestation, and re-feeding ad libitum until the end of pregnancy on metabolic status and body reserves of mother and, its association with development and metabolism of fetuses and female offspring to the juvenile stage. Little changes in live body weight (LBW), compensatory feed intake, similar body reserves, and metabolism were observed in dams. Placenta biometry and efficiency were slightly affected, but fetal BW and phenotype were not modified. However, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia were demonstrated in pre-term fetuses. In the juvenile period, these changes were not evidenced, and a similar pattern of growth and serum metabolic parameters in offspring of food-restricted mothers were found, except in serum aminotransferases levels, which increased. These were associated with higher liver fibrosis. Maternal food restriction in the early and mid-pregnancy followed by re-feeding in our rabbit model established a compensatory energy status in dams and alleviated potential long-term consequences in growth and metabolism in the offspring, even if fetal metabolism was altered.
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Copping KJ, Hernandez-Medrano J, Hoare A, Hummitzsch K, McMillen IC, Morrison JL, Rodgers RJ, Perry VEA. Maternal periconceptional and first trimester protein restriction in beef heifers: effects on placental parameters and fetal and neonatal calf development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:495-507. [PMID: 32029064 DOI: 10.1071/rd19017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the effects of nutrition during the periconception and early gestation periods on fetal and placental development in cattle. In this study, nulliparous yearling heifers (n=360) were individually fed a diet high or low in protein (HPeri and LPeri) beginning 60 days before conception. From 24 to 98 days after conception, half of each treatment group was changed to the alternative high- or low-protein diet (HPost and LPost) yielding four groups in a 2×2 factorial design. A subset of heifers (n=46) was necropsied at 98 days after conception and fetoplacental development assessed. Placentome number and volume decreased in response to LPeri and LPost diets respectively. Absolute lung, pancreas, septum and ventricle weights decreased in LPost versus HPost fetuses, whereas the post-conception diet altered absolute and relative liver and brain weights depending on sex. Similarly, changes in fetal hepatic gene expression of factors regulating growth, glucose output and lipid metabolism were induced by protein restriction in a sex-specific manner. At term, neonatal calf and placental measures were not different. Protein restriction of heifers during the periconception and early gestation periods alters fetoplacental development and hepatic gene expression. These changes may contribute to functional consequences for progeny, but this may not be apparent from gross morphometry at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Copping
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - J Hernandez-Medrano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - A Hoare
- South East Vets, 314 Commercial Street, Mount Gambier, SA 5290, Australia
| | - K Hummitzsch
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - I C McMillen
- The Chancellery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - J L Morrison
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, SA 5001, Australia
| | - R J Rodgers
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - V E A Perry
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; and Corresponding author.
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McCarty KJ, Washburn JL, Taylor RK, Long NM. The effects of early- or mid-gestation nutrient restriction on bovine fetal pancreatic development. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 70:106377. [PMID: 31518889 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on the effects of nutrient restriction in beef cows on fetal pancreatic development is limited. To address this, multiparous Angus-cross cows (n = 22) were fed either control (CON; to gain 1 kg/wk) or nutrient-restricted (NR; 0.55% NEm) diets based on NRC requirements. On d 30 of gestation, cows were blocked by body condition and randomly assigned to one of three nutritional regimes: CON fed from d 30 to 190 (n = 8), or NR/C (n = 7) or C/NR (n = 7) fed either the CON or NR diet from d 30 to 110 followed by CON or NR from d 110 to 190 of gestation. Cows were harvested on d 190 of gestation, and blood samples, fetal weights, and fetal tissue weights and samples were collected. Pancreas samples were embedded in paraffin and sectioned for standard immunohistochemistry procedures to quantify insulin-positive β cells and number of apoptotic β cells using TUNEL staining. Data were analyzed via ANOVA using the general linear model procedure of SAS. At harvest, empty carcass weights were decreased (P = 0.036) in fetuses of C/NR and NR/C fed dams compared to fetuses of CON fed dams. Pancreas weight was decreased (P = 0.028) in fetuses of C/NR fed dams compared to CON fetuses; however, fetuses of NR/C fed dams were not different (P > 0.05) from fetuses of CON fed dams. Maternal and fetal serum insulin concentrations were not different (P > 0.05) in NR/C fed compared to CON fed; however, concentrations of insulin were decreased (P = 0.036 and P = 0.40, respectively) in C/NR fed compared to CON fed. Beta cell number was decreased (P = 0.009) in fetuses of NR/C and C/NR fed dams compared to fetuses of CON fed dams. Percentage of apoptotic cells was increased (P < 0.0001) in fetuses of NR/C and C/NR fetuses than fetuses of CON fed dams. This evidence suggests that nutrient restriction either during early- or mid-gestation can negatively impact fetal pancreatic development. However, mid-gestational nutritional insult is potentially recovered by reacclimation to a diet that meets requirements of the dam, thus reducing negative outcomes in fetal offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J McCarty
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - J L Washburn
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - R K Taylor
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - N M Long
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Noya A, Casasús I, Ferrer J, Sanz A. Long-Term Effects of Maternal Subnutrition in Early Pregnancy on Cow-Calf Performance, Immunological and Physiological Profiles during the Next Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E936. [PMID: 31717350 PMCID: PMC6912618 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of undernutrition during the first third of gestation on cow-calf performance, immunological and physiological profiles during the next lactation in two cattle breeds. Fifty-three Parda de Montaña (PA) and 32 Pirenaica (PI) cows were inseminated, assigned to one of two diets (CONTROL or SUBNUT; 100% or 65% of their requirements) until day 82 of gestation, and fed 100% of the requirements during gestation and next lactation. Cow and calf performance were assessed during lactation. Colostrum and cow-calf plasma samples were analyzed to assess the passive transfer of immunoglobulins and to characterize energy metabolism. At calving, SUBNUT cows had a lower body condition score, which impaired most of the cow-calf parameters. All cows had considerable weight losses during lactation except for SUBNUT-PI cows. Colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was lower in SUBNUT-PI cows, and milk fat content was higher in SUBNUT cows. SUBNUT calves had lower values of body measurements at weaning, and calves born from SUBNUT-PI dams had lower milk intake and the lowest average daily gain (ADG), which was reflected in their lower plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration. In conclusion, undernutrition in early gestation in suckler cows had long-term effects on offspring postnatal growth, this physiological evidence being more severe in Pirenaica cow-calf pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Albina Sanz
- Department of Animal Production, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.N.); (I.C.); (J.F.)
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Serrano-Pérez B, Molina E, Noya A, López-Helguera I, Casasús I, Sanz A, Villalba D. Maternal nutrient restriction in early pregnancy increases the risk of late embryo loss despite no effects on peri-implantation interferon-stimulated genes in suckler beef cattle. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:69-75. [PMID: 31731220 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reducing feeding costs in suckler beef herds to improve economic returns could have detrimental impacts on fertility. This study sought to determine whether maternal nutrient restriction during early pregnancy affects interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the peri-implantation period in two beef cattle breeds. Relationships were also examined between subnutrition and pregnancy failure defined according to ISG fold changes on Days 18 and 21 and to plasma pregnancy specific protein B (PSPB) concentrations on Day 28 post-artificial insemination (AI). Pirenaica or Parda de Montaña dams were assigned to a control (n = 23) or subnutrition (n = 30) group, receiving 100% or 65% of their estimated nutritional requirements from Day 1 to 82 post-AI, respectively. Treatment did not affect ISG expression or fertility. According to ISG fold changes (chi-square P = .023) or PSPB levels (chi-square P = .04) recorded in the subnutrition group, late embryo loss was more likely than in controls. Positive correlation was detected between Day 28 PSPB concentrations and both Day 18 MX1, MX2 and ISG15 expression, and Day 21 OAS1 expression. OAS1 and MX1 fold changes were found to be the best variables to discriminate pregnancy status. Our findings indicate that maternal nutrient restriction during the first third of pregnancy does not impair embryo signalling yet may increase the risk of pregnancy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Serrano-Pérez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - E Molina
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - A Noya
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I López-Helguera
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - I Casasús
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Sanz
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Villalba
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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