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Ma B, Zhao T, Xu B, Zhong L, Wu X, Wei K, Zhang Z, Li Y. Morphological variation in Schizothorax oconnori, Schizothorax waltoni (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae), and their natural hybrids from the middle Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11342. [PMID: 38799395 PMCID: PMC11116763 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The morphological variation in Schizothorax oconnori, Schizothorax waltoni, and their natural hybrids was examined using conventional and image-based analysis approaches. In total, 38 specimens of S. oconnori, 35 of S. waltoni, and 37 natural hybrids were collected from the Shigatse to the Lhasa section of the Yarlung Zangbo River during June and July 2021. A total of 21 morphometric, 4 meristic, and 27 truss variables were employed for the classification of S. oconnori, S. waltoni, and natural hybrids. Principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), as well as discriminant function analysis (DFA) and cluster analysis (CA), were conducted to identify differences based on traditional and truss measurements. Four principal components explained 75.92% of the variation among the morphometric characters, while five principal components accounted for 79.69% of the variation among the truss distances. FA results showed that factor 1 was associated with head shape, and factor 2 was associated with fins based on morphometric characters. Among the truss characters, factor 1 was related to head shape, and factor 2 was related to chest shape. In DFA, morphometric measurements achieved higher accuracy (100%) compared to truss distances (94.55%). The head morphology of hybrids exhibited intermediate traits between S. oconnori and S. waltoni. Both morphometry-based and truss-based clustering indicated that the morphology of natural hybrids leaned toward S. oconnori. In conclusion, the combination of morphometric and truss analysis is beneficial for classifying S. oconnori, S. waltoni, and their natural hybrids. The presence of natural hybrids could be considered an evolutionary response to the differentiation of nutritional and spatial niches in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Ma
- National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery ScienceWuhanChina
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery ScienceWuhanChina
| | - Bin Xu
- National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery ScienceWuhanChina
| | - Liqiao Zhong
- National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery ScienceWuhanChina
| | - Xiangxiang Wu
- National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery ScienceWuhanChina
| | - Kaijin Wei
- National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery ScienceWuhanChina
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of HydroecologyMinistry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Yunfeng Li
- National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery ScienceWuhanChina
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Gu H, He X, Wu Y, Deng S, Jiang Y, Yu J, Deng Z, Xing K, Wang Z. Examining differentiation of sympatric
Schizothorax
fishes reveals low differentiation in internal compared to external feeding traits. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Gu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing School of Life Sciences Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - X. He
- Sichuan Lubei Biotechnology Company Limited Chengdu China
| | - Y. Wu
- Sichuan Lubei Biotechnology Company Limited Chengdu China
| | - S. Deng
- Liangshan Kehua Water Ecology Company Limited Xichang China
| | - Y. Jiang
- Butuo Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau Butuo China
| | - J. Yu
- Zhaojue Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau Zhaojue China
| | - Z. Deng
- Liangshan Kehua Water Ecology Company Limited Xichang China
| | - K. Xing
- Xichang Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau Xichang China
| | - Z. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing School of Life Sciences Southwest University Chongqing China
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Gu H, Wang Y, Wang H, He Y, Deng S, He X, Wu Y, Xing K, Gao X, He X, Wang Z. Contrasting ecological niches lead to great postzygotic ecological isolation: a case of hybridization between carnivorous and herbivorous cyprinid fishes. Front Zool 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 33882942 PMCID: PMC8059018 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postzygote isolation is an important part of species isolation, especially for fish, and it can be divided into two aspects: genetic isolation and ecological isolation. With the increase in parental genetic distance, the intensity of genetic isolation between them also increases. Will the increase in parental ecological niche differences also lead to the increase in ecological isolation intensity between them? This question is difficult to answer based on the current literature due to the lack of hybridization cases of contrasting ecological niche parents. Results Cyprinid fish parents (Schizothorax wangchiachii and Percocypris pingi) with contrasting ecological niches (herbivorous and carnivorous) and their F1 hybrids were used as research objects. Fish and periphytic algae were selected as food corresponding to different parental resources. The foraging-related traits of these hybrids are generally the same between parents; however, the intermediate foraging traits of hybrids did not result in intermediate foraging performance for parental resources, and these hybrids could hardly forage for parental resources. The poor foraging performance of these hybrids for parental resources was caused not only by the decline in the foraging ability of these hybrids but, more importantly, by the decrease in foraging activity. Interestingly, these hybrids initially showed a high interest in foraging small fishes; however, after the first successful capture, these hybrids had difficulty ingesting fish and spit them out, which led to the subsequent decrease in foraging activity. We designed a series of experiments to explore the mechanism of the fish spitting of these hybrids, excluding the taste and the size of prey, and found that the decrease in their pharyngeal tooth puncture ability may be the reason. Conclusions This study was the first to demonstrate that these parents with contrasting ecological niches will produce great postzygotic ecological isolation for parental resources. The poor foraging performance of these hybrids for parental resources is mainly due to the decrease in foraging activity. Interestingly, these hybrids have obvious fish-spitting behaviour, which is a typical example of the incompatibility between intermediate traits and genetic behaviors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12983-021-00401-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Gu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuanfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - You He
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Sihong Deng
- Liangshan Kehua Water Ecology Company Limited, Xichang, 615000, China
| | - Xingheng He
- Sichuan Lubei Biotechnology Company Limited, Chengdu, 610011, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Sichuan Lubei Biotechnology Company Limited, Chengdu, 610011, China
| | - Kaiyan Xing
- Xichang Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Xichang, 615000, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Xichang Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Xichang, 615000, China
| | - Xuefu He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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