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Use of Heating Methods and Xylose to Increase Rumen Undegradable Protein of Alternative Protein Sources: 1) Peanut Meal. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010023. [PMID: 36611633 PMCID: PMC9818018 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut meal has an excellent total protein content but also has low rumen undegradable protein (RUP). High-performance ruminants have high RUP requirements. We aimed to evaluate the effects of processing peanut meal with an autoclave and conventional and microwave ovens, with and without using xylose on its ruminal kinetics degradation parameters and intestinal digestibility (ID). In situ studies were conducted to determine dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) rumen degradation kinetics. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate intestinal digestibility (ID). The control treatment had a greater fraction A for DM and CP than peanut meals processed with an autoclave or conventional oven. The control had greater kd for CP compared with the microwave. The addition of xylose decreased fraction A, the degradation rate of fraction B (kd) and RUP, and increased the protein B fraction of autoclaved peanut meal. We observed a decrease in effective degradability (ED) and increased RUP for processed treatments in all experiments compared with the control. Processing methods did not affect the protein ID of autoclaved peanut meal compared to the control. An interaction between xylose and heating time was observed, where increasing heating time linearly reduced the ID of xylose-untreated treatments. Overall, these results suggest that the tested methods effectively increased the RUP content of peanut meal.
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Salazar-Cuytun E, Sarmiento-Franco L, Aguilar-Caballero A, Fonseca M, Tedeschi L. Predicting body composition of hair-lambs based
on body mass index. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/150005/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alhadas HM, Valadares Filho SC, Tedeschi LO, Vilela RSR, Souza GAP, Lage BC, Silva BC, Rennó LN, Paulino MF. Effect of inclusion levels of low-fat dried distillers grains in finishing diets on protein and energy intake and retention and estimation of protein and energy requirements of young Nellore bulls fed with high concentrate diets. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13678. [PMID: 35029003 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of including low-fat dried distillers grains (DDG) in finishing diets on protein and energy intake and retention and to estimate the protein and energy requirement of young Nellore bulls. Thirty-five animals were used: baseline (n = 4), maintenance (n = 4), and ad libitum intake (n = 27). Ad libitum animals were divided into four groups: diets with the inclusion of DDG at the levels of 0, 150, 300, and 450 g/kg (dry matter basis). At the end of the experiment, all animals were slaughtered. There was a linear reduction with increasing DDG levels in the total digestible nutrients intake (p = 0.008), metabolizable energy (ME) intake (p < 0.010), in total retained energy (p = 0.065), and in heat production (p < 0.001). Metabolizable protein (MP) intake increased linearly (p < 0.010) but retained protein did not differ (p = 0.499). Daily net energy and ME requirement for maintenance were 75.9 and 122 kcal/kg0.75 EBW, respectively. Daily MP for maintenance was 3.6 g/kg0.75 shrunk body weight. DDG inclusion in finishing diets reduces energy intake and deposition, and we recommend the equations of this study to estimate the requirements of young Nellore bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlon M Alhadas
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rizielly S R Vilela
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Gilyard A P Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Lage
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Breno C Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Luciana N Rennó
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mario F Paulino
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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