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Cairo PLG, Nogueira SSC, Altino VS, Vandenheede M, Schroyen M, Taminiau B, Daube G, Gross E, Bindelle J, Nogueira-Filho SLG. Individual differences in behaviour and gut bacteria are associated in collared peccary (Mammalia, Tayassuidae). J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2748-2762. [PMID: 33971065 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We tested the hypothesis that the behaviour of an individual is associated with the diversity of its gut bacteria, using the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) as a model. METHODS AND RESULTS In all, 24 adult male collared peccaries received either low- (n = 12) or high-fibre diet (n = 12) to induce contrasting gut fermentation profiles. They were submitted to three short-term challenges, allowing us to rate the animals in a coping-style dimension named 'calmness'. At the end of the experimental period, we collected samples of peccaries' forestomach contents to characterize bacterial diversity. We found a significant positive association between individual 'calmness' z-scores and the bacterial evenness index in gut bacteria (and a similar trend with the Simpson's diversity index), suggesting a more homogeneous bacterial community of calmer individuals. We also found a positive association between fibres digestibility and gut bacterial diversity in the peccaries' forestomach, but no effect of the dietary fibre level. CONCLUSIONS Gut bacteria evenness increases with 'calmness' z-scores, suggesting a more homogeneous bacterial community of calmer individuals, compared with the more heterogeneous of the most distressed ones. Our results also suggest associations between the digestibility of ADF with the gut bacterial diversity indices and with the relative abundance of the Actinobacteria phylum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our data showed that the hosts' individual behavioural differences are potentially aligned with gut bacterial diversity. The behaviour-microbiota link is correlated with host feed efficiency and, ultimately, may have implications for animal health and welfare of farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L G Cairo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S S C Nogueira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estudos Interdisciplinares e Transdiciplinares em Ecologia e Evolução (INCT IN-TREE), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - V S Altino
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M Vandenheede
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M Schroyen
- Department of AgroBioChem, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - B Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research of Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - G Daube
- Department of Food Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research of Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - E Gross
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J Bindelle
- Department of AgroBioChem/TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit/AgricultureIsLife, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - S L G Nogueira-Filho
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estudos Interdisciplinares e Transdiciplinares em Ecologia e Evolução (INCT IN-TREE), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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