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Bhavna A, Zindove TJ, Iji PA, Bakare AG. Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat sensory evaluation of broiler chickens fed diets with fermented cassava leaves. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1225-1235. [PMID: 38271964 PMCID: PMC11222849 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the effects of feeding fermented cassava leaf meal (FCLM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat sensory evaluation of broiler chickens. METHODS A total of 160 Cobb-500 chickens were used during the phases of growing (21 days of age; initial weight 0.39±0.025 kg/bird) and finishing (35 days of age; initial weight 1.023±0.164 kg/bird). The whole experiment lasted for four weeks. The FCLM was included in starter and finishing diets at 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/kg inclusion levels. Total feed intake (TFI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio, and nutrient digestibility were recorded. Sensory evaluation of breast meat was used to determine the eating quality of the meat prepared using roasting and boiling methods. RESULTS The TFI and WG decreased (p<0.05) with increasing inclusion levels of FCLM in the diets of growing chickens. Crude protein digestibility for chickens fed 0 and 50 g/kg FCLM was higher (p<0.05) than for chickens subjected to a diet with 150 g/kg FCLM. During the finishing phase, TFI increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing inclusion level of FCLM in chicken diets, while WG decreased (p<0.05) with inclusion level of FCLM. Treatment diets had no effect (p>0.05) on the eating qualities of breast meat. However, juiciness was significant (p<0.05) for the cooking method and treatment interaction. At 50 g/kg inclusion level, boiled meat had a higher (p<0.05) juiciness score than roasted meat. Tenderness, on the other hand, was significant (p<0.05) for the interaction of gender and treatment. Females considered the boiled meat to be more tender than the males at 150 g/kg inclusion level. Using principal component analysis, a positive correlation was observed between teeth adhesion and fibrousness, flavour and juiciness, and springiness and tenderness. CONCLUSION From the study, it can be concluded that FCLM can be used as an ingredient in the diets of broiler chickens. Inclusion level of 50 g/kg can be used in chicken diets during the growing phase, whereas in the finishing phase, inclusion level of 150 g/kg FCLM can be used. The FCLM did not affect the eating quality of breast meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Bhavna
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Nasinu,
Fiji Islands
| | - Titus J. Zindove
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647,
New Zealand
| | - Paul A. Iji
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Nasinu,
Fiji Islands
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale 2350,
Australia
| | - Archibold G. Bakare
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Nasinu,
Fiji Islands
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Sakr SA, EL-Emam HA, Naiel MAE, Wahed NM, Zaher HA, Mohamed Soliman M, Shukry M, Shehata AM, Alkhedaide A, Elghareeb MM. The effects of paulownia ( Paulownia tomentosa) leaf extract enriched diets on meat quality, sensory attributes, and the potential economic impact of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. Sakr
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Huda A. EL-Emam
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. E. Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Wahed
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Zaher
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Abdelrazeq M. Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adil Alkhedaide
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M. Elghareeb
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Riaz A, Khan MS, Saeed M, Kamboh AA, Khan RU, Farooq Z, Imran S, Farid MU. Importance of Azolla plant in poultry production. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2054752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Riaz
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Khan
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Farooq
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Imran
- Institute of Dairy Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Farid
- Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Faisalabad
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Eissa AE, Yusuf MS, Younis NA, Fekry M, Dessouki AA, Ismail GA, Ford H, Abdelatty AM. Effect of poultry offal silage with or without betaine supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphometry, spleen histomorphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1189-1195. [PMID: 34713529 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fishmeal (FM) is the main protein source in fish feed. However, it is quite expensive due to its limited resources. Therefore, finding a dietary alternative to the FM to sustain fish production is crucial, and the current study was performed to assess the impact of poultry offal silage (POS) with or without betaine supplementation; as an effective and cheaper alternative to FM; on feed efficiency, growth performance, spleen morphology and intestinal morphometry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Four dietary treatments were formulated: (1) FM based diet, (2) FM-B; FM diet +0.7% betaine, (3) POS diet and (4) POS-B; POS diet +0.7% betaine. Each dietary treatment consisted of three replicates (n = 10/replicate), and the experiment was continued for 16 weeks. By the end of the experiment, spleen and intestine specimens were collected from 15 fish (n = 5/replicate) for histopathological assessment. The results were statistically analysed using GLM procedures of SAS 9.4. Feed efficiency increased in both POS-B and FM-B groups (p = 0.01), while body weight and body weight gain showed only weak tendencies towards an increase (p = 0.10 and 0.12, respectively). The villi length was the highest in POS-B fed group (p < 0.01). In addition, melanomacrophage centres of the spleen increased in both betaine-supplemented groups (p < 0.01). From our findings, we conclude that betaine supplementation with poultry offal silage improved production performance and immune status of Nile tilapia fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Eldin Eissa
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Yusuf
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Younis
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fekry
- Fish Farming and Technology Institute, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amina A Dessouki
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Gehad A Ismail
- Agriculture Research Centre, Animal Health Research Institute, Fish Diseases Research Department, Doki, Egypt
| | - H Ford
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Alzahraa M Abdelatty
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Abdelatty AM, Mandouh MI, Mohamed SA, Busato S, Badr OAM, Bionaz M, Elolimy AA, Moustafa MMA, Farid OAA, Al-Mokaddem AK. Azolla leaf meal at 5% of the diet improves growth performance, intestinal morphology and p70S6K1 activation, and affects cecal microbiota in broiler chicken. Animal 2021; 15:100362. [PMID: 34583315 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With growing concern about including unconventional dietary protein sources in poultry diets to substitute the protein sources that are essential for human consumption such as soybean meal, Azolla leaf meal (ALM) has grown in popularity. In our prior experiment, ALM was used at inclusion rates of 5 and 10%. Five per cent inclusion of ALM increased broiler chicken growth performance, the concentration of cecal propionic acid, and activation of skeletal muscle p70S6 Kinase1 (p70S6K1) without having detrimental effects on the meat quality. Those results prompted us to further evaluate the effect of the same inclusion rates of ALM on phase feeding and intestine and liver health of the broiler chicks. The current study hypothesis is that dietary ALM positively affects phase feeding, intestinal morphology and p70S6K1 activation, cecal microbial gene expression, and improves the liver energy status. For this, we enrolled 135 one-day-old broiler chicks and collected growth performance data (starter, grower, and finisher stages) and samples of the gastrointestinal tract to analyse the morphology of the villi, immune-related organs, mucin, and abundance of intestinal p70S6K1. Cecal bacterial species were analysed using qPCR and liver samples were collected to analyse adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and ATP content and selected oxidative stress biomarkers. ALM increased BW and feed intake during the starter and grower phases but did not affect the feed conversion ratio. Liver oxidative stress and AMP: ATP ratio increased in chickens fed on a diet containing 10% ALM (AZ10; P < 0.05). Jejunum villi length and abundance of duodenal neutral mucin increased but villi of the ileum decreased in chickens fed on a diet containing 5% ALM (AZ5), while lymphoid follicle areas of the cecal tonsils decreased with both doses of ALM. Activation of p70S6K1 increased with AZ10 in the duodenum and AZ5 in the jejunum. In the gut, the family of Enterobacteriaceae decreased with both ALM doses. In conclusion, our results indicate an overall positive effect of dietary inclusion of ALM in the broiler chicken diet via its positive effect on intestinal morphology and function; however, a negative effect on the liver was observed with 10% ALM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Abdelatty
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - M I Mandouh
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - S A Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia 23311, Egypt
| | - S Busato
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 97331, USA
| | - O A M Badr
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia 23311, Egypt
| | - M Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 97331, USA
| | - A A Elolimy
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza 13523, Egypt
| | - M M A Moustafa
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia 23311, Egypt
| | - O A A Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt
| | - A K Al-Mokaddem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Abdelatty AM, Mandouh MI, Mousa MR, Mansour HA, Ford H, Shaheed IB, Elolimy AA, Prince A, El-Sawy MA, AbuBakr HO, Bionaz M. Sun-dried Azolla leaf meal at 10% dietary inclusion improved growth, meat quality, and increased skeletal muscle Ribosomal protein S6 kinase β1 abundance in growing rabbit. Animal 2021; 15:100348. [PMID: 34543996 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly growing human populations and the increased need for high nutritive value meat in terms of low fat, high protein, and low sodium content are the driving reasons for the increase in rabbit meat production. However, dietary protein alternatives to sustain rabbit meat production, without competing with humans for strategic crops are needed. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of Azolla leaf meal (ALM) as a dietary protein source on growth performance, meat quality, and abundance and activation of Ribosomal protein S6 kinase β1 (p70S6K1), a downstream target of mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway and, thus, a key player in the regulation of protein synthesis and muscle mass. For this purpose, 60 weaned male V-Line rabbits were blocked for the initial BW and randomly allotted into four dietary treatments, with 15 replicate per treatment (n = 15/group) as follows: (1) CON group was fed on basal diet contains 0% of ALM, (2) AZ10 group fed on diet containing 10% ALM, (3) AZ20 group fed on diet containing 20% ALM, and (4) AZ30 group fed on diet containing 30% ALM. Rabbits were raised individually, and the experimental period was 42 days. At the end of the experiment, rabbits were euthanised and blood and skeletal muscle samples were collected. Body weight and BW gain were the highest in AZ10 group (P = 0.01), while feed intake was the highest in AZ30 (P = 0.01), feed conversion ratio was the lowest in AZ10 and highest in AZ30 (P = 0.01). Dressing % was the highest in AZ10 and lowest in AZ30 groups (P = 0.01). Muscle cross-sectional area was low in both AZ20 and AZ30 groups compared to CON (P = 0.01). The lysine concentration of Longissimus lumborum muscle increased (P = 0.03) while isoleucine tended to decrease in AZ10 vs CON (P = 0.09). The phosphorylation ratio of skeletal muscle p70S6K1 increased in AZ10 and AZ20 groups (P = 0.05). Therefore, ALM could be included in a growing rabbit diet, up to 10%, while higher doses negatively alter production performance, meat quality, and feed efficiency of growing rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Abdelatty
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - M I Mandouh
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M R Mousa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - H A Mansour
- Department of Food Hygiene and control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - H Ford
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, OR, USA
| | - I B Shaheed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Elolimy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Prince
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M A El-Sawy
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - H O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, OR, USA
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Bakeer MR, El-Attrouny MM, Abdelatty AM. Effect of dietary pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) and Aloe vera gel (Aloe barbadensis miller) supplementation on testicular antioxidant biomarkers and spermatogenesis enzymes in mature V-Line rabbit bucks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:175-182. [PMID: 32741035 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit meat is considered as an economic source of white meat, increasing its production is limited by the buck fertility, since one rabbit can be used to inseminate up to 15 female. The aim of the current study is to enhance male rabbit fertility by using dietary antioxidants including Aloe vera gel (AVG) and pomegranate peels (PP). In a 60 days experiment, 48 V-Line 5-month-old rabbit bucks of average body weight (2,300 ± 20) kg were allocated into four dietary treatments (n = 12/group) as follow: CON (fed on control diet), ALOE (received AVG in drinking water; 500 mg/L drinking water), POM3 (fed on basal diet + 3% of pomegranate) and POM5 (fed on basal diet + 5% of pomegranate). Semen samples were collected at d30 and d60 of the experiment and used for analysis of semen quality. Sexual behaviour was reported in terms of latency to first mating and ejaculation interval. At the end of the experiment, six bucks were euthanized from each group, blood samples were collected and used for testosterone level determination and testicular tissue samples were collected and used for key antioxidant and spermatogenesis enzymes assessment, and testes histopathological evaluation. The UNIVARIATE procedures of SAS 9.4 were used to analyse the data, significance was declared at p ≤.05. PP supplementation improved percentage of progressive motile sperms while AVG negatively impacted it (p = .04), sperm concentration and metabolically active sperm cells were the highest in PP and lowest in ALOE supplemented bucks (p = .01 and .01; respectively). Testicular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased in AVG supplemented group (p = .01 and .02; respectively). From our findings, AVG in its fresh form decreased fertility of rabbit bucks, while PP is potent fertility boosting for rabbit bucks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal R Bakeer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Attrouny
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Alzahraa M Abdelatty
- Departmment of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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