1
|
Dumesic DA, Hoyos LR, Chazenbalk GD, Naik R, Padmanabhan V, Abbott DH. Mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of polycystic ovary syndrome. Reproduction 2020; 159:R1-R13. [PMID: 31376813 DOI: 10.1530/rep-19-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmental origins of adult disease (DoHAD) refers to critical gestational ages during human fetal development and beyond when the endocrine metabolic status of the mother can permanently program the physiology and/or morphology of the fetus, modifying its susceptibility to disease after birth. The aim of this review is to address how DoHAD plays an important role in the phenotypic expression of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy of women characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology. Clinical studies of PCOS women are integrated with findings from relevant animal models to show how intergenerational transmission of these central components of PCOS are programmed through an altered maternal endocrine-metabolic environment that adversely affects the female fetus and long-term offspring health. Prenatal testosterone treatment in monkeys and sheep have been particularly crucial in our understanding of developmental programming of PCOS because organ system differentiation in these species, as in humans, occurs during fetal life. These animal models, along with altricial rodents, produce permanent PCOS-like phenotypes variably characterized by LH hypersecretion from reduced steroid-negative feedback, hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, increased adiposity, impaired glucose-insulin homeostasis and other metabolic abnormalities. The review concludes that DoHAD underlies the phenotypic expression of PCOS through an altered maternal endocrine-metabolic environment that can induce epigenetic modifications of fetal genetic susceptibility to PCOS after birth. It calls for improved maternal endocrine-metabolic health of PCOS women to lower their risks of pregnancy-related complications and to potentially reduce intergenerational susceptibility to PCOS and its metabolic derangements in offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luis R Hoyos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rajanigandha Naik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amar S, Binet A, Téteau O, Desmarchais A, Papillier P, Lacroix MZ, Maillard V, Guérif F, Elis S. Bisphenol S Impaired Human Granulosa Cell Steroidogenesis in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1821. [PMID: 32155818 PMCID: PMC7084356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is a structural analog of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA); it is the main BPA replacement in the plastics industry. Previous studies have shown that BPA and BPS exhibit similar effects on reproduction in fish and rodent species. BPS reportedly alters steroidogenesis in bovine granulosa cells. Luteinised granulosa cells collected from 59 women who were undergoing an in vitro fertilization procedure were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of BPS (10 nM, 100 nM, 1 µM, 10 µM or 50 µM). BPS exposure was investigated by assessing follicular fluids from these 59 women for their BPS content. Culture medium, cells, total messenger RNA (mRNA) and total protein extracted from the luteinised granulosa cells were examined for oestradiol and progesterone secretion, cellular proliferation, viability, gene expression, steroidogenic enzyme expression and cell signaling. BPS was measured in follicular fluids using mass spectrometry. Exposure of granulosa cells to 10 or 50 µM BPS for 48 h induced a 16% (p = 0.0059) and 64% (p < 0.0001) decrease, respectively, in progesterone secretion; 50 µM BPS decreased oestradiol secretion by 46% (p < 0.0001). Ten µM BPS also tended to reduce CYP11A1 protein expression by 37% (p = 0.0947) without affecting HSD3B1 and CYP19A1 expression. Fifty µM BPS increased ERRγ expression. Environmental levels of BPS (nanomolar range) did not induce changes in steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells. The effects of BPS were observed after only 48 h of BPS exposure. These acute effects might be similar to chronic effects of physiological BPS levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Amar
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (O.T.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (F.G.)
- Service de Chirurgie pédiatrique viscérale, urologique, plastique et brûlés, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Aurélien Binet
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (O.T.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (F.G.)
- Service de Chirurgie pédiatrique viscérale, urologique, plastique et brûlés, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Ophélie Téteau
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (O.T.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Alice Desmarchais
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (O.T.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Pascal Papillier
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (O.T.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Marlène Z. Lacroix
- Therapeutic Innovations and Resistance (INTHERES), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Maillard
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (O.T.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabrice Guérif
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (O.T.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (F.G.)
- Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Sebastien Elis
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (S.A.); (A.B.); (O.T.); (A.D.); (V.M.); (F.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is substantial evidence to support a role for androgens acting via the androgen receptor in the development of the pathological disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is the most common endocrine condition in women, but its etiology remains unknown. This review focuses on how animal experimental models of PCOS are providing strong evidence to support hyperandrogenism as an important mediator in the development of PCOS characteristics. RECENT FINDINGS A variety of animal models for PCOS have now been established by increasing androgen exposure, supporting a role for androgens in the pathogenesis of PCOS. However, some androgens can be aromatized into estrogens leading to confusion on which PCOS traits are primary mediated via androgenic (mediated via the androgen receptor) or estrogenic (mediated via the estrogen receptor) mechanisms. Recent findings from studies comparing the induction of PCOS by aromatizable and nonaromatizable androgens, as well as androgen receptor knockout mouse models have enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying PCOS, and verify that androgen receptor-mediated actions play a key role in the development of PCOS. SUMMARY Animal models have provided strong evidence to support that androgen receptor-mediated actions are key mediators in the development of PCOS traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A Walters
- Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Padmanabhan V, Veiga-Lopez A, Herkimer C, Abi Salloum B, Moeller J, Beckett E, Sreedharan R. Developmental Programming: Prenatal and Postnatal Androgen Antagonist and Insulin Sensitizer Interventions Prevent Advancement of Puberty and Improve LH Surge Dynamics in Prenatal Testosterone-Treated Sheep. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2678-92. [PMID: 25919188 PMCID: PMC4475717 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal T excess induces maternal hyperinsulinemia, early puberty, and reproductive/metabolic defects in the female similar to those seen in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. This study addressed the organizational/activational role of androgens and insulin in programming pubertal advancement and periovulatory LH surge defects. Treatment groups included the following: 1) control; 2) prenatal T; 3) prenatal T plus prenatal androgen antagonist, flutamide; 4) prenatal T plus prenatal insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone; 5) prenatal T and postnatal flutamide; 6) prenatal T and postnatal rosiglitazone; and 7) prenatal T and postnatal metformin. Prenatal treatments spanned 30-90 days of gestation and postnatal treatments began at approximately 8 weeks of age and continued throughout. Blood samples were taken twice weekly, beginning at approximately 12 weeks of age to time puberty. Two-hour samples after the synchronization with prostaglandin F2α were taken for 120 hours to characterize LH surge dynamics at 7 and 19 months of age. Prenatal T females entered puberty earlier than controls, and all interventions prevented this advancement. Prenatal T reduced the percentage of animals having LH surge, and females that presented LH surge exhibited delayed timing and dampened amplitude of the LH surge. Prenatal androgen antagonist, but not other interventions, restored LH surges without normalizing the timing of the surge. Normalization of pubertal timing with prenatal/postnatal androgen antagonist and insulin sensitizer interventions suggests that pubertal advancement is programmed by androgenic actions of T involving insulin as a mediary. Restoration of LH surges by cotreatment with androgen antagonist supports androgenic programming at the organizational level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carol Herkimer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Bachir Abi Salloum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Jacob Moeller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Evan Beckett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Rohit Sreedharan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ongaro L, Salvetti NR, Giovambattista A, Spinedi E, Ortega HH. Neonatal androgenization-induced early endocrine–metabolic and ovary misprogramming in the female rat. Life Sci 2015; 130:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
6
|
Veiga-Lopez A, Wurst AK, Steckler TL, Ye W, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: postnatal estradiol amplifies ovarian follicular defects induced by fetal exposure to excess testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in sheep. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:444-55. [PMID: 24077439 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113503412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Excess of prenatal testosterone (T) induces reproductive defects including follicular persistence. Comparative studies with T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) have suggested that follicular persistence is programmed via estrogenic actions of T. This study addresses the androgenic and estrogenic contributions in programming follicular persistence. Because humans are exposed to estrogenic environmental steroids from various sources throughout their life span and postnatal insults may also induce organizational and/or activational changes, we tested whether continuous postnatal exposure to estradiol (E) will amplify effects of prenatal steroids on ovarian function. Pregnant sheep were treated with T, DHT, E, or ED (E and DHT) from days 30 to 90 of gestation. Postnatally, a subset of the vehicle (C), T, and DHT females received an E implant. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed in the first breeding season during a synchronized cycle to monitor ovarian follicular dynamics. As expected, number of ≥8 mm follicles was higher in the T versus C group. Postnatal E reduced the number of 4 to 8 mm follicles in the DHT group. Percentage of females bearing luteinized follicles and the number of luteinized follicles differed among prenatal groups. Postnatal E increased the incidence of subluteal cycles in the prenatal T-treated females. Findings from this study confirm previous findings of divergences in programming effects of prenatal androgens and estrogens. They also indicate that some aspects of follicular dynamics are subject to postnatal modulation as well as support the existence of an extended organizational period or the need for a second insult to uncover the previously programmed event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Veiga-Lopez
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salvetti NR, Ortega HH, Veiga-Lopez A, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: impact of prenatal testosterone excess on ovarian cell proliferation and apoptotic factors in sheep. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:22, 1-10. [PMID: 22539681 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T) excess leads to reproductive dysfunctions in sheep, which include increased ovarian follicular recruitment and persistence. To test the hypothesis that follicular disruptions in T sheep stem from changes in the developmental ontogeny of ovarian proliferation and apoptotic factors, pregnant Suffolk sheep were injected twice weekly with T propionate or dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHT; a nonaromatizable androgen) from Days 30 to 90 of gestation. Changes in developmental expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), BCL2, BAX, activated CASP3, and FAS/FASLG were determined at Fetal Days 90 and 140, 22 wk, 10 mo, and 21 mo of age by immunocytochemisty. Prenatal T treatment induced changes in expression of proliferative and apoptotic markers in a follicle-, age-, and steroid-specific manner. Changes in BAX were evident only during fetal life and PCNA, BCL2, and CASP3 only postnatally. Prenatal T and not DHT increased PCNA and decreased BCL2 in granulosa/theca cells of antral follicles at 10 and 21 mo but decreased CASP3 in granulosa/theca cells of antral follicles at 22 wk (prepubertal) and 10 and 21 mo. Both treatments decreased BAX immunostaining in granulosa cells of Fetal Day 90 primordial/primary follicles. Neither treatment affected FAS expression at any developmental time point in any follicular compartment. Effects on BAX appear to be programmed by androgenic actions and PCNA, BCL2, and CASP3 by estrogenic actions of T. Overall, the findings demonstrate that fetal exposure to excess T disrupts the ovarian proliferation/apoptosis balance, thus providing a basis for the follicular disruptions evidenced in these females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia R Salvetti
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Esperanza, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|