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Schütz LF, Zago FC, de Aguiar LH, Forell F, Martins LT, Urio M, Neto PCDS, Junior JM, Tavares KCS, Gaudêncio Neto S, Feltrin C, Mezzalira A, Bertolini M. Analysis of physical traits, clinical parameters, and energy metabolism of in vivo- and in vitro-derived Flemish newborn calves during the first day of life. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14676. [PMID: 39021341 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Studies investigating physiological deviations from normality in newborn calves derived from in vitro fertilization procedures remain important for the understanding of factors that reduce calf survival after birth. The aim of this study was to investigate parameters affecting health and welfare of newborn Flemish calves derived from in vitro embryo production (IVP) in the first hours of life in comparison to in vivo-derived calves. Physical traits of newborn calves and fetal membranes (FM) were recorded soon after birth. Newborn venous blood samples were collected at several time points within the first 24 h of life for analyses of energy substrates, electrolytes, blood gases, acid-base balance, blood chemistry, and haematology. A liver biopsy was taken within the first hour after birth for analysis of gene expression of key enzymes of the fructolytic and glycolytic pathways. Newborn IVP calves were heavier and larger at birth, which was associated with heavier FM. At several time points during the first 24 h of life, IVP-derived calves had altered rectal temperature, blood gases, electrolyte concentrations, blood parameters for liver, kidney and muscle function, and acid-base balance, plasma lipid metabolism, and hemogram parameters. The relative mRNA abundances for triokinase and lactate dehydrogenase-B were greater in IVP calves. In summary, IVP-derived newborn calves were at higher risk of clinical problems after birth, which was markedly greater in heavier and larger calves. Such animals take longer to adapt to extrauterine life and should receive a special attention during the immediate neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fernando Schütz
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Carminatti Zago
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique de Aguiar
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Forell
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Urio
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | | | - Jamir Machado Junior
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | | | - Saul Gaudêncio Neto
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Feltrin
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Alceu Mezzalira
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bertolini
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
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Verruma CG, Santos RS, Marchesi JAP, Sales SLA, Vila RA, Rios ÁFL, Furtado CLM, Ramos ES. Dynamic methylation pattern of H19DMR and KvDMR1 in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:333-345. [PMID: 38231285 PMCID: PMC10894807 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-03011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the epigenetic reprogramming of ICR1 (KvDMR1) and ICR2 (H19DMR) and expression of genes controlled by them as well as those involved in methylation, demethylation, and pluripotency. METHODS We collected germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) oocytes, and preimplantation embryos at five stages [zygote, 4-8 cells, 8-16 cells, morula, and expanded blastocysts (ExB)]. DNA methylation was assessed by BiSeq, and the gene expression was evaluated using qPCR. RESULTS H19DMR showed an increased DNA methylation from GV to MII oocytes (68.04% and 98.05%, respectively), decreasing in zygotes (85.83%) until morula (61.65%), and ExB (63.63%). H19 and IGF2 showed increased expression in zygotes, which decreased in further stages. KvDMR1 was hypermethylated in both GV (71.82%) and MII (69.43%) and in zygotes (73.70%) up to morula (77.84%), with a loss of methylation at the ExB (36.64%). The zygote had higher expression of most genes, except for CDKN1C and PHLDA2, which were highly expressed in MII and GV oocytes, respectively. DNMTs showed increased expression in oocytes, followed by a reduction in the earliest stages of embryo development. TET1 was downregulated until 4-8-cell and upregulated in 8-16-cell embryos. TET2 and TET3 showed higher expression in oocytes, and a downregulation in MII oocytes and 4-8-cell embryo. CONCLUSION We highlighted the heterogeneity in the DNA methylation of H19DMR and KvDMR1 and a dynamic expression pattern of genes controlled by them. The expression of DNMTs and TETs genes was also dynamic owing to epigenetic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina G Verruma
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Renan S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Jorge A P Marchesi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Sarah L A Sales
- Postgraduate Program in Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo A Vila
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Álvaro F L Rios
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Goitacazes Campus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiana L M Furtado
- Experimental Biology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza - UNIFOR, Fortaleza, CE, 60811-905, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Ester S Ramos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Jiang Z. Molecular and cellular programs underlying the development of bovine pre-implantation embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 36:34-42. [PMID: 38064195 PMCID: PMC10962643 DOI: 10.1071/rd23146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic mortality is a major cause of infertility in cattle, yet the underlying molecular causes remain a mystery. Over the past half century, assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilisation and somatic cell nuclear transfer have been used to improve cattle reproductive efficiency; however, reduced embryo developmental potential is seen compared to their in vivo counterparts. Recent years have seen exciting progress across bovine embryo research, including genomic profiling of embryogenesis, new methods for improving embryo competence, and experimenting on building bovine embryos from stem cell cultures. These advances are beginning to define bovine embryo molecular and cellular programs and could potentially lead to improved embryo health. Here, I highlight the current status of molecular determinants and cellular programs of bovine embryo development and new opportunities to improve the bovine embryo health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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4
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Agerholm JS, Madsen SE, Krogh AKH, Najafzadeh V, Secher JBM. Health assessment of Holstein calves born after in vitro fertilization, biopsy-based genotyping at the blastocyst stage and subsequent embryo transfer. Theriogenology 2023; 211:76-83. [PMID: 37595376 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Establishing methods for evaluating genomic estimated breeding values of bovine embryos can potentially increase the efficiency of breeding programs by transferring only embryos with a high genomic estimated breeding value. This may be achieved by analyzing DNA from trophectoderm biopsies. However, manipulation of bovine embryos is associated with a risk of impaired conceptus health. More knowledge on the health implications of embryonic handling procedures is required. In this study, we followed pregnancies after transfer of in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos and assessed the health of the offspring during the first 2 weeks of life. Three groups of calves were studied: i) freshly transferred non-biopsied embryos (39 transfers, 17 calves; Group B-/C-); ii) biopsied and freshly transferred IVP embryos (42 transfers, 21 calves; Group B+/C-); iii) biopsied and cryopreserved IVP embryos (17 transfers, 6 calves; Group B+/C+). Blood biochemical and hematologic values were compared between groups and to a control group of 13 calves produced by conventional artificial insemination. The pregnancy rate on day 50 and the calving rate did not differ among the groups, but the average gestation length of the B+/C+ group was significantly shorter and with wider variation than the two other groups. There was a tendency toward a higher average body weight at birth in group B+/C+ (45.1 kg) and the standard deviation in body weight was larger (11.7 kg) compared to the B-/C- (39.5 kg; 3.2 kg) and B+/C- (41.8 kg; 6 kg) groups. Body weight on day 14 was higher in the B+/C+ calves compared to the other groups. There was no difference in the biochemical and hematological values at birth between the groups and these were within the normal range. However, when compared to a group of calves produced by standard artificial insemination, significantly higher concentrations were found for the hepatic-related enzymes ALAT, ASAT, ALP, and GGT in group B-/C-and B+/C-, while only higher ALP concentrations were found in B+/C+ calves. The biochemical findings indicate higher heterogeneity in IVP calves compared to calves produced by artificial insemination. The more manipulated IVP embryos also showed increased heterogeneity in body weight at birth, with a shift toward heavier calves, which calls for closer attendance at parturition to handle dystocia in a timely manner and minimize fetal losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Steen Agerholm
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5A, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | | | - Anne Kirstine Havnsøe Krogh
- Section for Medicine, Oncology and Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Vahid Najafzadeh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Jan Bojsen-Møller Secher
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5A, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
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Besenfelder U, Havlicek V. The interaction between the environment and embryo development in assisted reproduction. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230034. [PMID: 37700910 PMCID: PMC10494886 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It can be assumed that the natural processes of selection and developmental condition in the animal provide the best prerequisites for embryogenesis resulting in pregnancy and subsequent birth of a healthy neonate. In contrast, circumventing the natural selection mechanisms and all developmental conditions in a healthy animal harbors the risk of counteracting, preventing or reducing the formation of embryos or substantially restricting their genesis. Considering these facts, it seems to be obvious that assisted reproductive techniques focusing on early embryonic stages serve an expanded and unselected germ cell pool of oocytes and sperm cells, and include the culture of embryos outside their natural habitat during and after fertilization for manipulation and diagnostic purposes, and for storage. A significant influence on the early embryonic development is seen in the extracorporeal culture of bovine embryos (in vitro) or stress on the animal organism (in vivo). The in vitro production per se and metabolic as well as endocrine changes in the natural environment of embryos represent adequate models and serve for a better understanding. The purpose of this review is to give a brief presentation of recent techniques aimed at focusing more on the complex processes in the Fallopian tube to contrast in vivo and in vitro prerequisites and abnormalities in early embryonic development and serve to identify potential new ways to make the use of ARTs more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Besenfelder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitezslav Havlicek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Vienna, Austria
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Rabaglino MB, Forde N, Besenfelder U, Havlicek V, Blum H, Graf A, Wolf E, Lonergan P. Maternal metabolic status and in-vitro culture conditions during embryonic genome activation deregulate the expression of energy-related genes in the bovine 16-cells embryo. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290689. [PMID: 37624829 PMCID: PMC10456174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular consequences of the metabolic stress caused by milk production of dairy cows in the early embryo are largely unknown. The objective was to determine the impact of dam metabolic status or in vitro culture during embryonic genome activation (EGA) on the transcriptomic profiles of bovine 16-cell stage embryos. Two days after synchronized oestrus, in vitro produced 2- to 4-cell stage embryos were endoscopically transferred in pools of 50 into the oviduct ipsilateral to the corpus luteum of lactating (LACT, n = 3) or nonlactating (i.e. dried off immediately at calving; DRY, n = 3) dairy cows. On Day 4, the oviducts were flushed to recover the embryos. Pools of five Day-2 embryos (n = 5) and Day-4 16-cell stage embryos obtained in vitro (n = 3) or from LACT or DRY cows were subjected to RNAseq. Temporally differentially expressed genes (DEG; FDR<0.05) between Day-2 and Day-4 embryos were determined considering the differences between the three conditions under which EGA occurred. Also, DEG between Day-4 embryos derived from the three conditions were identified. Functional analysis of the temporal DEG demonstrated that genes involved in ribosome, translation and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria were strongly more expressed in Day-4 than Day-2 embryos. Comparison of Day-4 embryos that underwent EGA in vitro, or in LACT or DRY cows, identified DEG enriching for mitochondrial respiration and protein translation, including the mTOR pathway. In conclusion, exposure of the embryo to an unfavourable maternal metabolic status during EGA influences its transcriptome and potentially the competence for pregnancy establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Rabaglino
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Forde
- Division of Reproduction and Early Development, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Urban Besenfelder
- Reproduction Centre Wieselburg RCW, Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitezslav Havlicek
- Reproduction Centre Wieselburg RCW, Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Rabaglino MB, Salilew-Wondim D, Zolini A, Tesfaye D, Hoelker M, Lonergan P, Hansen PJ. Machine-learning methods applied to integrated transcriptomic data from bovine blastocysts and elongating conceptuses to identify genes predictive of embryonic competence. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22809. [PMID: 36753406 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201977r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Early pregnancy loss markedly impacts reproductive efficiency in cattle. The objectives were to model a biologically relevant gene signature predicting embryonic competence for survival after integrating transcriptomic data from blastocysts and elongating conceptuses with different developmental capacities and to validate the potential biomarkers with independent embryonic data sets through the application of machine-learning algorithms. First, two data sets from in vivo-produced blastocysts competent or not to sustain a pregnancy were integrated with a data set from long and short day-15 conceptuses. A statistical contrast determined differentially expressed genes (DEG) increasing in expression from a competent blastocyst to a long conceptus and vice versa; these were enriched for KEGG pathways related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and RNA processing, respectively. Next, the most discriminative DEG between blastocysts that resulted or did not in pregnancy were selected by linear discriminant analysis. These eight putative biomarker genes were validated by modeling their expression in competent or noncompetent blastocysts through Bayesian logistic regression or neural networks and predicting embryo developmental fate in four external data sets consisting of in vitro-produced blastocysts (i) competent or not, or (ii) exposed or not to detrimental conditions during culture, and elongated conceptuses (iii) of different length, or (iv) developed in the uteri of high- or subfertile heifers. Predictions for each data set were more than 85% accurate, suggesting that these genes play a key role in embryo development and pregnancy establishment. In conclusion, this study integrated transcriptomic data from seven independent experiments to identify a small set of genes capable of predicting embryonic competence for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Rabaglino
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology & Reproduction in Farm Animals, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Adriana Zolini
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology & Reproduction in Farm Animals, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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8
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Rabaglino MB, Secher JBM, Hyttel P, Kadarmideen HN. In vitro and in vivo-produced male dairy calves show molecular differences in the hepatic and muscular energy regulation. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1113-1124. [PMID: 35766406 PMCID: PMC9562124 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle, the in vitro production (IVP) of embryos is becoming more relevant than embryos produced in vivo, i.e. after multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET). However, the effects of IVP on the developmental programming of specific organs in the postnatal calves are yet unknown. Previously, we reported an epigenomic and transcriptomic profile of the hypothalamus–pituitary–testicular axis compatible with its earlier activation in IVP calves compared to MOET animals. Here, we studied the hepatic and muscular epigenome and transcriptome of those same male dairy calves (n = 4 per group). Tissue samples from liver and semitendinosus muscle were obtained at 3 months of age, and the extracted gDNA and RNA were sequenced through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-sequencing, respectively. Next, bioinformatic analyses determined differentially methylated cytosines or differentially expressed genes [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] for each Omic dataset; and nonparametrically combined genes (NPCG) for both integrated omics (P < 0.05). KEGG pathways enrichment analysis showed that NPCG upregulated in the liver and the muscle of the IVP calves were involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In contrast, ribosome and translation were upregulated in the liver but downregulated in the muscle of the IVP calves compared to the MOET calves (FDR < 0.05). A model considering the effect of the methylation levels and the group on the expression of all the genes involved in these pathways confirmed these findings. In conclusion, the multiomics data integration approach indicated an altered hepatic and muscular energy regulation in phenotypically normal IVP calves compared to MOET calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Rabaglino
- Quantitative Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Bojsen-Møller Secher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C
| | - Haja N Kadarmideen
- Quantitative Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Chen PR, Uh K, Redel BK, Reese ED, Prather RS, Lee K. Production of Pigs From Porcine Embryos Generated in vitro. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.826324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating porcine embryos in vitro is a critical process for creating genetically modified pigs as agricultural and biomedical models; however, these embryo technologies have been scarcely applied by the swine industry. Currently, the primary issue with in vitro-produced porcine embryos is low pregnancy rate after transfer and small litter size, which may be exasperated by micromanipulation procedures. Thus, in this review, we discuss improvements that have been made to the in vitro porcine embryo production system to increase the number of live piglets per pregnancy as well as abnormalities in the embryos and piglets that may arise from in vitro culture and manipulation techniques. Furthermore, we examine areas related to embryo production and transfer where improvements are warranted that will have direct applications for increasing pregnancy rate after transfer and the number of live born piglets per litter.
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10
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Baruselli PS, Rodrigues CA, Ferreira RM, Sales JNS, Elliff FM, Silva LG, Viziack MP, Factor L, D'Occhio MJ. Impact of oocyte donor age and breed on in vitro embryo production in cattle, and relationship of dairy and beef embryo recipients on pregnancy and the subsequent performance of offspring: A review. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:36-51. [PMID: 35231233 DOI: 10.1071/rd21285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic selection combined with in vitro embryo production (IVEP) with oocytes from heifer calves provides a powerful technology platform to reduce generation interval and significantly increase the rate of genetic gain in cattle. The ability to obtain oocytes with developmental competence from calves has been recognised for more than 60years. There is renewed interest in the potential of this reproductive technology as the beef and dairy industries seek to identify and multiply animals that satisfy consumer demand for efficient utilisation of natural resources, with minimal environmental impact and high product quality. Heifer calves show a good follicular response to FSH stimulation and oocytes can be recovered by ovum pick-up (OPU). However, the efficiency of OPU/IVEP remains lower for calves compared with peripubertal heifers and cows, in both indicus (Zebu, Bos indicus ) and taurus (Bos taurus ) breeds. Indicus cattle generally have more follicles, yield a greater number of oocytes, and have a better IVEP outcome, compared with taurus cattle. The treatment of prepubertal heifers with bovine somatotrophin (bST) and propylene glycol before OPU/IVEP has yet to show a major improvement in embryo production. Holstein (taurus) dairy heifers derived from different reproductive technologies (AI, MOET, OPU/IVEP) showed a similar age at puberty and first-lactation milk production. OPU/IVEP Holstein embryos transferred to beef or dairy cows likewise yielded heifers with the same performance. The gains in productivity that can be achieved with strategic use of OPU/IVEP in heifer calves make this a relevant and highly important reproductive technology in cattle breeding. Ongoing optimisation of the technology is needed for the potential of OPU/IVEP in young donors to be fully realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia M Elliff
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Laísa G Silva
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Viziack
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Luana Factor
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Michael J D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Malpotra S, Singh MK, Palta P. MeDIP-sequencing for profiling global DNA methylation in buffalo embryos produced by in vitro fertilization. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-17. [PMID: 34612161 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1981356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technique like in vitro fertilization has contributed immensely in producing genetically improved livestock. Production of embryos under in vitro conditions can affect global DNA methylation pattern during the course of embryonic development. The present study is aimed at the generation and comparison of global DNA methylome of embryos at 2-cell, 8-cell and blastocyst stage of buffalo embryos produced by in vitro fertilization using MeDIP-Sequencing. It is observed that there is a profound difference in the global DNA methylation profile of IVF embryos at different developmental stages. These differences are manifested throughout the course of embryonic development. Pathways like Wnt signaling pathway, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor pathway and integrin signaling were found to be majorly affected by hypermethylation of DNA in IVF embryos throughout the development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Malpotra
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
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12
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Rabaglino MB, Bojsen-Møller Secher J, Sirard MA, Hyttel P, Kadarmideen HN. Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal early activation of the HPG axis in in vitro-produced male dairy calves. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21882. [PMID: 34460963 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101067r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In cattle, several calves born after IVP ("in vitro" embryo production) present similar birthweight to those generated after MOET (multiple ovulation and embryo transfer). However, the underlying molecular patterns in organs involved in the developmental process are unknown and could indicate physiological programming. The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare epigenomic and transcriptomic modifications in the hypothalamus, pituitary, gonadal and adrenal organs between 3 months old ovum pick-up-IVP and MOET male calves (n = 4 per group) and (2) to use blood epigenomic data to proxy methylation of the inner organs. Extracted gDNA and RNA were sequenced through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing, respectively. Next, bioinformatic analyses determined differentially methylated cytosines (DMC) and differentially expressed genes (DEG) (FDR < 0.05) in IVP versus MOET samples and the KEGG pathways that were overrepresented by genes associated with DMC or DEG (FDR < 0.1). Pathways related to hypothalamus, pituitary, gonadal (HPG) axis activation (GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus, GnRH signaling in the pituitary, and steroidogenesis in the testicle) were enriched in IVP calves. Modeling the effect of the methylation levels and the group on the expression of all the genes involved in these pathways confirmed their upregulation in HPG organs in IVP calves. The application of the DIABLO method allowed the identification of 15 epigenetic and five transcriptomic biomarkers, which were able to predict the embryo origin using the epigenomic data from the blood. In conclusion, the use of an integrated epigenomic-transcriptomic approach suggested an early activation of the HPG axis in male IVP calves compared to MOET counterparts, and the identification of potential biomarkers allowed the use of blood samples to proxy methylation levels of the relevant internal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Rabaglino
- Quantitative Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Marc-André Sirard
- Departement des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Inter-générationnelle (CRDSI), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Haja N Kadarmideen
- Quantitative Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Currin L, Baldassarre H, Bordignon V. In Vitro Production of Embryos from Prepubertal Holstein Cattle and Mediterranean Water Buffalo: Problems, Progress and Potential. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2275. [PMID: 34438733 PMCID: PMC8388507 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) coupled with in vitro embryo production (IVEP) in prepubertal cattle and buffalo accelerates genetic gain. This article reviews LOPU-IVEP technology in prepubertal Holstein Cattle and Mediterranean Water Buffalo. The recent expansion of genomic-assisted selection has renewed interest and demand for prepubertal LOPU-IVEP schemes; however, low blastocyst development rates has constrained its widespread implementation. Here, we present an overview of the current state of the technology, limitations that persist and suggest possible solutions to improve its efficiency, with a focus on gonadotropin stimulations strategies to prime oocytes prior to follicular aspiration, and IVEP procedures promoting growth factor metabolism and limiting oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vilceu Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (L.C.); (H.B.)
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14
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Pontesilli M, Hof MH, Ravelli ACJ, van Altena AJ, Soufan AT, Mol BW, Kostelijk EH, Slappendel E, Consten D, Cantineau AEP, van der Westerlaken LAJ, van Inzen W, Dumoulin JCM, Ramos L, Baart EB, Broekmans FJM, Rijnders PM, Curfs MHJM, Mastenbroek S, Repping S, Roseboom TJ, Painter RC. Effect of parental and ART treatment characteristics on perinatal outcomes. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1640-1665. [PMID: 33860303 PMCID: PMC8129595 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do parental characteristics and treatment with ART affect perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies? SUMMARY ANSWER Both parental and ART treatment characteristics affect perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous studies have shown that singleton pregnancies resulting from ART are at risk of preterm birth. ART children are lighter at birth after correction for duration of gestation and at increased risk of congenital abnormalities compared to naturally conceived children. This association is confounded by parental characteristics that are also known to affect perinatal outcomes. It is unclear to which extent parental and ART treatment characteristics independently affect perinatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION All IVF clinics in the Netherlands (n = 13) were requested to provide data on all ART treatment cycles (IVF, ICSI and frozen-thawed embryo transfers (FET)), performed between 1 January 2000, and 1 January 2011, which resulted in a pregnancy. Using probabilistic data-linkage, these data (n = 36 683) were linked to the Dutch Perinatal Registry (Perined), which includes all children born in the Netherlands in the same time period (n = 2 548 977). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Analyses were limited to singleton pregnancies that resulted from IVF, ICSI or FET cycles. Multivariable models for linear and logistic regression were fitted including parental characteristics as well as ART treatment characteristics. Analyses were performed separately for fresh cycles and for fresh and FET cycles combined. We assessed the impact on the following perinatal outcomes: birth weight, preterm birth below 37 or 32 weeks of gestation, congenital malformations and perinatal mortality. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The perinatal outcomes of 31 184 out of the 36 683 ART treatment cycles leading to a pregnancy were retrieved through linkage with the Perined (85% linkage). Of those, 23 671 concerned singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF, ICSI or FET. Birth weight was independently associated with both parental and ART treatment characteristics. Characteristics associated with lower birth weight included maternal hypertensive disease, non-Dutch maternal ethnicity, nulliparity, increasing duration of subfertility, hCG for luteal phase support (compared to progesterone), shorter embryo culture duration, increasing number of oocytes retrieved and fresh embryo transfer. The parental characteristic with the greatest effect size on birth weight was maternal diabetes (adjusted difference 283 g, 95% CI 228-338). FET was the ART treatment characteristic with the greatest effect size on birth weight (adjusted difference 100 g, 95% CI 84-117) compared to fresh embryo transfer. Preterm birth was more common among mothers of South-Asian ethnicity. Preterm birth was less common among multiparous women and women with 'male factor' as treatment indication (compared to 'tubal factor'). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Due to the retrospective nature of our study, we cannot prove causality. Further limitations of our study were the inability to adjust for mothers giving birth more than once in our dataset, missing values for several variables and limited information on parental lifestyle and general health. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Multiple parental and ART treatment characteristics affect perinatal outcomes, with birth weight being influenced by the widest range of factors. This highlights the importance of assessing both parental and ART treatment characteristics in studies that focus on the health of ART-offspring, with the purpose of modifying these factors where possible. Our results further support the hypothesis that the embryo is sensitive to its early environment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by Foreest Medical School, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (grants: FIO 1307 and FIO 1505). B.W.M. reports grants from NHMRC and consultancy for ObsEva, Merck KGaA, iGenomics and Guerbet. F.B. reports research support grants from Merck Serono and personal fees from Merck Serono. A.C. reports travel support from Ferring BV. and Theramex BV. and personal fees from UpToDate (Hyperthecosis), all outside the remit of the current work. The remaining authors report no conflict of interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pontesilli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M H Hof
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C J Ravelli
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J van Altena
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A T Soufan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B W Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - E H Kostelijk
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Slappendel
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nij Geertgen Clinic, Elsendorp, The Netherlands
| | - D Consten
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - A E P Cantineau
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - W van Inzen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, IVF Center Medisch Centrum Kinderwens, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands
| | - J C M Dumoulin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - L Ramos
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E B Baart
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F J M Broekmans
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P M Rijnders
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M H J M Curfs
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - S Mastenbroek
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Repping
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T J Roseboom
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R C Painter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Folic acid supplementation during oocytes maturation influences in vitro production and gene expression of bovine embryos. ZYGOTE 2021; 29:342-349. [PMID: 33685547 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryos that are produced in vitro frequently present epigenetic modifications. However, maternal supplementation with folic acid (FA) may improve oocyte maturation and embryo development, preventing epigenetic errors in the offspring. We sought to evaluate the influence of FA supplementation during in vitro maturation of grade I (GI) and grade III (GIII) bovine oocytes on embryo production rate and the expression of IGF2 and KCNQ1OT1 genes. The oocytes were matured in vitro with different concentrations of FA (0, 10, 30 and 100 μM), followed by in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. On the seventh day (D7) of culture, embryo production was evaluated and gene expression was measured using real-time qPCR. Supplementation with 10 μM of FA did not affect embryo production for GI and GIII oocytes. Moderate supplementation (30 μM) seemed to be a positive influence, increasing embryo production for GIII (P = 0.012), while the highest dose (100 μM) reduced embryo production (P = 0.010) for GI, and IGF2 expression was not detected. In GIII, only embryos whose oocyte maturation was not supplemented with FA demonstrated detected IGF2 expression. The lowest concentration of FA (10 μM) reduced KCNQ1OT1 expression (P = 0.05) on embryos from GIII oocytes. Different FA concentrations induced different effects on bovine embryo production and gene expression that was related to oocyte quality. Despite the epigenetic effects of FA, supplementation seems to be a promising factor to improve bovine embryo production if used carefully, as concentration is an important factor, especially in oocytes with impaired quality.
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16
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Zhao YH, Wang JJ, Zhang PP, Hao HS, Pang YW, Wang HY, Du WH, Zhao SJ, Ruan WM, Zou HY, Hao T, Zhu HB, Zhao XM. Oocyte IVM or vitrification significantly impairs DNA methylation patterns in blastocysts as analysed by single-cell whole-genome methylation sequencing. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:676-689. [PMID: 32317092 DOI: 10.1071/rd19234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanisms leading to the poor quality of IVF blastocysts, the single-cell whole-genome methylation sequencing technique was used in this study to analyse the methylation patterns of bovine blastocysts derived from invivo, fresh (IVF) or vitrified (V_IVF) oocytes. Genome methylation levels of blastocysts in the IVF and V_IVF groups were significantly lower than those of the invivo group (P<0.05). In all, 1149 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between the IVF and invivo groups, 1578 DMRs were identified between the V_IVF and invivo groups and 151 DMRs were identified between the V_IVF and IVF groups. For imprinted genes, methylation levels of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 9A (PPP1R9A) were lower in the IVF and V_IVF groups than in the invivo group, and the methylation level of paternally expressed 3 (PEG3) was lower in the V_IVF group than in the IVF and invivo groups. Genes with DMRs between the IVF and invivo and the V_IVF and IVF groups were primarily enriched in oocyte maturation pathways, whereas DMRs between the V_IVF and invivo groups were enriched in fertilisation and vitrification-vulnerable pathways. The results of this study indicate that differences in the methylation of critical DMRs may contribute to the differences in quality between invitro- and invivo-derived embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Han Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hai-Sheng Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yun-Wei Pang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wei-Hua Du
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shan-Jiang Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wei-Min Ruan
- International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Ming Lun Street, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, PR China
| | - Hui-Ying Zou
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Tong Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hua-Bin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory and the Centre of Domestic Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; and Corresponding author.
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17
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Zhu L, Marjani SL, Jiang Z. The Epigenetics of Gametes and Early Embryos and Potential Long-Range Consequences in Livestock Species-Filling in the Picture With Epigenomic Analyses. Front Genet 2021; 12:557934. [PMID: 33747031 PMCID: PMC7966815 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.557934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenome is dynamic and forged by epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA species. Increasing lines of evidence support the concept that certain acquired traits are derived from environmental exposure during early embryonic and fetal development, i.e., fetal programming, and can even be "memorized" in the germline as epigenetic information and transmitted to future generations. Advances in technology are now driving the global profiling and precise editing of germline and embryonic epigenomes, thereby improving our understanding of epigenetic regulation and inheritance. These achievements open new avenues for the development of technologies or potential management interventions to counteract adverse conditions or improve performance in livestock species. In this article, we review the epigenetic analyses (DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs) of germ cells and embryos in mammalian livestock species (cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs) and the epigenetic determinants of gamete and embryo viability. We also discuss the effects of parental environmental exposures on the epigenetics of gametes and the early embryo, and evidence for transgenerational inheritance in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkai Zhu
- AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sadie L Marjani
- Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, United States
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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18
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Li J, Huang J, Han W, Shen X, Gao Y, Huang G. Comparing transcriptome profiles of human embryo cultured in closed and standard incubators. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9738. [PMID: 32864223 PMCID: PMC7427541 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to compare the transcriptomic profiles of human embryos cultured in time-lapse imaging (TLI) incubators and standard incubators (SI) in order to determine whether a closed culture system has a positive impact on embryos. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to characterize and compare the gene expression profiles of eight-cell embryos of the same quality grade cultured in TLI and SI. We sequenced a total of 580,952,620 reads for zygotes, TLI-cultured, and SI-cultured eight-cell embryos. The global transcriptomic profiles of the TLI embryos were similar to those of the SI embryos and were highly distinct from the zygotes. We also detected 539 genes showing differential expression between the TLI and SI groups with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Using gene ontology enrichment analysis, we found that the highly expressed SI genes tended to execute functions such as transcription, RNA splicing, and DNA repair, and that the highly expressed TLI genes were enriched in the cell differentiation and methyltransferase activity pathways. This study, the first to use transcriptome analysis to compare SI and TLI, will serve as a basis for assessing the safety of TLI application in assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoning Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
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19
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Dos Santos Mendonça A, Franco MM, de Oliveira Carvalho J, Machado GM, Dode MAN. DNA Methylation of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2-Imprinted Gene in Trophoblast Cells of Elongated Bovine Embryo: Effects of the In Vitro Culture. Cell Reprogram 2020; 21:260-269. [PMID: 31596623 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mark for embryo development and can be susceptible to environment factors such as in vitro conditions. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of in vitro culture until Day (D) 14 of the development on the embryo size and DNA methylation pattern of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)-imprinted gene. To achieve this, we produced bovine embryos completely in vivo, completely in vitro, and in vitro until D7 and then in vivo up to D14. The embryos produced in in vitro were smaller than those in other two groups (p = 0.024); no differences in embryo size were observed between genders. The in vitro embryos showed a higher level of DNA methylation in the IGF2 as compared with that in the completely in vivo-produced (IVV) embryos (p = 0.009). Furthermore, totally in vitro-produced male embryos showed higher levels of DNA methylation as compared with those observed for the totally IVV male embryos (p = 0.034). No differences were observed among genders for IGF2 DNA methylation. These results showed that the window between D7 and D14 is critical for embryo development and alterations in the environmental conditions during this period can impair DNA methylation establishment of important developmental imprinted genes. This study brings unprecedented data for bovine embryos regarding the impact of the environmental conditions during the posthatching development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise Dos Santos Mendonça
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba Parque Tecnológico Campus, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Maurício Machaim Franco
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, Brazil.,Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Margot Alves Nunes Dode
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, Brazil.,School of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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20
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Thompson RP, Nilsson E, Skinner MK. Environmental epigenetics and epigenetic inheritance in domestic farm animals. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 220:106316. [PMID: 32094003 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to molecular factors and processes around DNA that can affect genome activity and gene expression independent of DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms drive developmental processes and have also been shown to be tied to disease development. Many epigenetic studies have been done using plants, rodent, and human models, but fewer have focused on domestic livestock species. The goal of this review is to present current epigenetic findings in livestock species (cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry). Much of this research examined epigenetic effects following exposure to toxicants, nutritional changes or infectious disease in those animals directly exposed, or in the offspring they produced. A limited number of studies in domestic animals have examined epigenetic transgenerational inheritance in the absence of continued exposures. One example used a porcine model to investigate the effect that feeding males a diet supplemented with micronutrients had on liver DNA methylation and muscle mass in grand-offspring (the transgenerational F2 generation). Further research into how epigenetic mechanisms affect the health and production traits of domestic livestock and their offspring is important to elucidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Thompson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eric Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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21
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The protective effect of melatonin on the in vitro development of yak embryos against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:118-125. [PMID: 31010442 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199418000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SummaryMelatonin plays a critical role in several types of cells as an antioxidant to protect intracellular molecules from oxidative stress. The anti-oxidation effect of melatonin in yak embryos is largely unknown. We report that melatonin can protect the development of yak preimplantation embryos against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, the quality of blastocysts developed from zygotes exposed to H2O2 was promoted. In addition, we observed that melatonin reduced H2O2-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction in zygotes. These phenomena revealed the effective antioxidant activity of melatonin to prevent oxidative stress in yak embryos. To determine the underlying mechanism, we further demonstrated that melatonin protected preimplantation embryos from oxidative damage by preserving antioxidative enzymes. Collectively, these results confirmed the anti-oxidation effect of melatonin in yak embryos that significantly improved the quantity and quality of blastocysts in the in vitro production of embryos in yaks.
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Sangalli JR, Sampaio RV, Del Collado M, da Silveira JC, De Bem THC, Perecin F, Smith LC, Meirelles FV. Metabolic gene expression and epigenetic effects of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on H3K9ac in bovine cells, oocytes and embryos. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13766. [PMID: 30214009 PMCID: PMC6137158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid decline in fertility that has been occurring to high-producing dairy cows in the past 50 years seems to be associated with metabolic disturbances such as ketosis, supporting the need for research to improve our understanding of the relations among the diet, metabolism and embryonic development. Recently, the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) was demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Herein, we performed a series of experiments aiming to investigate the epigenetic effects of BOHB on histone acetylation in somatic cells, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Treatment with BOHB does not increase histone acetylation in cells but stimulates genes associated with ketolysis and master regulators of metabolism. We further demonstrated that maturing COCs with high levels of BOHB does not affect their maturation rate or histone acetylation but increases the expression of PPARA in cumulus cells. Treatment of somatic cell nuclear transfer zygotes with BOHB causes hyperacetylation, which is maintained until the blastocyst stage, causing enhanced FOXO3A expression and blastocyst production. Our data shed light on the epigenetic mechanisms caused by BOHB in bovine cells and embryos and provide a better understanding of the connection between nutrition and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Vilar Sampaio
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique Camara De Bem
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, postcode: H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
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Sirard MA. 40 years of bovine IVF in the new genomic selection context. Reproduction 2018; 156:R1-R7. [PMID: 29636405 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of a complex technology such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) requires years of experimentation, sometimes comparing several species to learn how to create the right in vitro environment for oocytes, spermatozoa and early embryos. At the same time, individual species characteristics such as gamete physiology and gamete interaction are recently evolved traits and must be analysed within the context of each species. In the last 40 years since the birth of Louise Brown, IVF techniques progressed and are now used in multiple domestic and non-domestic animal species around the world. This does not mean that the technology is completely matured or satisfactory; a number of problems remain to be solved and several procedures still need to be optimized. The development of IVF in cattle is particularly interesting since agriculture practices permitted the commercial development of the procedure and it is now used at a scale comparable to human IVF (millions of newborns). The genomic selection of young animals or even embryos combined with sexing and freezing technologies is driving a new era of IVF in the dairy sector. The time has come for a retrospective analysis of the success and pitfalls of the last 40 years of bovine IVF and for the description of the challenges to overcome in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de Recherche en ReproductionDéveloppement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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24
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Tremblay R, Dufort I, Sirard MA. Metabolic stress induces modifications in the epigenetic program of preimplantation bovine embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:117-127. [PMID: 29240275 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian embryo is sensitive to and adapts to its metabolic environment. The mother's metabolic health and nutrient availability, for example, can modulate the oviductal fluid composition and thus embryo development. In this project, we induced energetic stress in bovine embryos during early culture to observe the epigenetic responses associated with metabolic stress, using a treatment paradigm known to decrease blastocyst rates. Embryos were generated using oocytes from slaughtered cows, and then exposed to an elevated glucose concentration (5 vs. 0.2 mM in control conditions) for the first 3 days post-fertilization, followed by normal media until the blastocyst stage. The EmbryoGENE platform was then used to identify DNA methylation differences between the two treatments. Probes (450,000) were then analyzed based on their genome location and methylation differences. Our results revealed that elevated glucose led to hypomethylation close to telomeric regions and methylation changes on genomic regions associated with energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Tremblay
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département des sciences animales, Pavillon des services, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Dufort
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département des sciences animales, Pavillon des services, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Andre Sirard
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département des sciences animales, Pavillon des services, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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25
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Ispada J, de Lima CB, Sirard MA, Fontes PK, Nogueira MFG, Annes K, Milazzotto MP. Genome-wide screening of DNA methylation in bovine blastocysts with different kinetics of development. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:1. [PMID: 29310712 PMCID: PMC5757301 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The timing of the first cell divisions may predict the developmental potential of an embryo, including its ability to establish pregnancy. Besides differences related to metabolism, stress, and survival, embryos with different speeds of development present distinct patterns of gene expression, mainly related to energy and lipid metabolism. As gene expression is regulated by epigenetic factors, and that includes DNA methylation patterns, in this study we compared the global DNA methylation profile of embryos with different kinetics of development in order to identify general pathways and regions that are most influenced by this phenotype. For this purpose, bovine embryos were in vitro produced using sexed semen (female), classified as fast (four or more cells) or slow (two cells) at 40 hpi and cultured until blastocyst stage, when they were analyzed. Results Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis identified 11,584 differently methylated regions (DMRs) (7976 hypermethylated regions in fast and 3608 hypermethylated regions in slow embryos). Fast embryos presented more regions classified as hypermethylated distributed throughout the genome, as in introns, exons, promoters, and repeat elements while in slow embryos, hypermethylated regions were more present in CpG islands. DMRs were clustered by means of biological processes, and the most affected pathways were related to cell survival/differentiation and energy/lipid metabolism. Transcripts profiles from DM genes connected with these pathways were also assessed, and the most part disclosed changes in relative quantitation. Conclusion The kinetics of the first cleavages influences the DNA methylation and expression profiles of genes related to metabolism and differentiation pathways and may affect embryo viability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-017-0171-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ispada
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular - Bloco A - 502-3, Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av dos Estados, 5001, Bangu, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camila Bruna de Lima
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular - Bloco A - 502-3, Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av dos Estados, 5001, Bangu, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrícia Kubo Fontes
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira
- Departament of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Assis, Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Annes
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular - Bloco A - 502-3, Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av dos Estados, 5001, Bangu, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella Pecora Milazzotto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular - Bloco A - 502-3, Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av dos Estados, 5001, Bangu, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
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J DOHaD issue on ART and DOHaD. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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