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Storey AP, Ray SJ, Hoffmann V, Voronov M, Engelhard C, Buscher W, Hieftje GM. Wavelength Scanning with a Tilting Interference Filter for Glow-Discharge Elemental Imaging. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1280-1288. [PMID: 27872218 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816680001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glow discharges have long been used for depth profiling and bulk analysis of solid samples. In addition, over the past decade, several methods of obtaining lateral surface elemental distributions have been introduced, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Challenges for each of these techniques are acceptable optical throughput and added instrumental complexity. Here, these problems are addressed with a tilting-filter instrument. A pulsed glow discharge is coupled to an optical system comprising an adjustable-angle tilting filter, collimating and imaging lenses, and a gated, intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, which together provide surface elemental mapping of solid samples. The tilting-filter spectrometer is instrumentally simpler, produces less image distortion, and achieves higher optical throughput than a monochromator-based instrument, but has a much more limited tunable spectral range and poorer spectral resolution. As a result, the tilting-filter spectrometer is limited to single-element or two-element determinations, and only when the target spectral lines fall within an appropriate spectral range and can be spectrally discerned. Spectral interferences that result from heterogeneous impurities can be flagged and overcome by observing the spatially resolved signal response across the available tunable spectral range. The instrument has been characterized and evaluated for the spatially resolved analysis of glow-discharge emission from selected but representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Storey
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Steven J Ray
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Volker Hoffmann
- 2 IFW Dresden e.V., Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxim Voronov
- 2 IFW Dresden e.V., Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Engelhard
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- 3 Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buscher
- 4 Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gary M Hieftje
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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2
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Inorganic Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54398-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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3
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Li W, Yin Z, Cheng X, Hang W, Li J, Huang B. Pulsed Microdischarge with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Elemental Analysis on Solid Metal Samples. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4871-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Benli Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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4
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Grigaitienė V, Snapkauskienė V, Valatkevičius P, Tamošiūnas A, Valinčius V. Water vapor plasma technology for biomass conversion to synthetic gas. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Gross JH. Inorganic Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10711-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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6
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Fernández B, Pereiro R, Sanz-Medel A. Glow discharge analysis of nanostructured materials and nanolayers—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 679:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Yu Q, Cao Z, Li L, Yan B, Hang W, He J, Huang B. Femtogram Detection and Quantitation of Residues Using Laser Ionization Orthogonal Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8623-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901615k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhiyu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Benli Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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9
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Dimri A, Paul A, Bajpai R. Design and characterization of a direct current glow discharge lamp for analytical applications. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Li L, Barshick CM, Millay JT, Welty AV, King FL. Determination of Bromine in Flame-Retardant Plastics Using Pulsed Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2003; 75:3953-61. [PMID: 14632105 DOI: 10.1021/ac034567k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of bromine-containing flame-retardant plastics was used to demonstrate the applicability of pulsed radio frequency glow discharge mass spectrometry to the determination of elements in commercial polymers. The direct analysis of bulk samples produced both atomic and molecular species, allowing elemental identification and molecular characterization. However, the low ion signal intensities hindered quantification. Atomization mechanisms for the plastic samples were studied in detail using scanning electron microscopy and mass spectrometry. Although some thermal desorption was observed, sputter atomization dominated when samples were not subjected to excessive discharge power. The sputter rates of various polymers, as evidenced by sputter weight loss measurements, showed a strong correlation with their ion production capabilities. Sputtering rates were related to the physical and chemical properties inherent to a polymer's composition. Analysis of samples compacted with a silver binder provided intense analyte signals allowing quantitative analysis. Signal stability, measurement accuracy, measurement precision, and detection limits were all assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown,West Virginia 26505, USA
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11
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Detection methods for the quantitation of trace elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(03)41005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Ingo GM, Angelini E, Calliari I, Dabalà M, De Caro T. Combined use of GDOES and SEM + EDS for the microchemical study of oxide layers grown at high temperature on Nimonic 80 A nickel-based superalloy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Ingo GM, Angelini E, Bultrini G, Calliari I, Dabala M, De Caro T. Study of long-term corrosion layers grown on high-tin leaded bronzes by means of the combined use of GDOES and SEM + EDS. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Vestal
- PE Biosystems, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, USA
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15
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Glow discharge ionization source for liquid chromatography/particle beam mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2000; 72:3833-40. [PMID: 10959970 DOI: 10.1021/ac0002691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A detailed evaluation of the analytical characteristics of a liquid chromatography/particle beam-glow discharge mass spectrometry (LC/PB-GDMS) system is described for applications in the area of inorganic (free metals in solution) and organic compound analysis. A highly efficient particle beam interface is used to introduce analyte species into a glow discharge source for subsequent vaporization and ionization. The GD operating current and gas pressure were optimized, with the general responses found to be similar to those obtained previously for particulate matter analysis by this PB-GDMS system. The mass spectra obtained for inorganic species are comprised exclusively of the respective elements' isotopic patterns, with no evidence of appreciable oxide species formation. Organic species introduced into the discharge through the particle beam interface yield mass spectra that are virtually identical to those from standard electron impact (70 eV) ionization. An analytical response curve for caffeine, using 200-microL (H2O/MeOH) injection volumes, showed less than 5% RSD for replicate injections over a concentration range of 10-500 ppm, with a detection limit of 13 ppb (2.7 ng) obtained for the caffeine molecular ion. Similarly, detection limits for Fe, Ag, and Cs ranged from 5.8 to 6.1 ppb (approximately 1 ng, each) in the injected volume. As an example of the feasibility of the PB-GDMS system as a detector for liquid chromatography, the separation and identification of the organic constituents in diet soda was performed.
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16
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Ingo GM, Calliari I, Dabala M, Bultrini G, de Caro T, Chiozzini G. Microchemical study of the corrosion products on ancient bronzes by means of glow discharge optical emission spectrometry. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1096-9918(200008)30:1<264::aid-sia831>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Mass Spectrometric Monitoring of Fragments of Organic Compounds in a Double-Flow Glow Discharge Cell. Microchem J 1999. [DOI: 10.1006/mchj.1999.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Pan X, Marcus RK. Direct analysis of glass powder samples by radio frequency glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (rf-GD-AES). Mikrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01244747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Milgram KE, White FM, Goodner KL, Watson CH, Koppenaal DW, Barinaga CJ, Smith BH, Winefordner JD, Marshall AG, Houk RS, Eyler JR. High-Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ac970126n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Eric Milgram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Forest M. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Kevin L. Goodner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Clifford H. Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - David W. Koppenaal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Charles J. Barinaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Benjamin H. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - James D. Winefordner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Alan G. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - R. S. Houk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - John R. Eyler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS P7-07, Richland, Washington 99352, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, and Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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20
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Mei Y, Harrison WW. Rare Earth Oxide Equilibria in Pulsed Direct Current Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 1996; 68:2135-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ac960019d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Mei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - W. W. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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21
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Shick CR, DePalma PA, Marcus RK. Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization of Bulk Polymers. Anal Chem 1996; 68:2113-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac951220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Shick
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemical Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-1905
| | - Patrick A. DePalma
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemical Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-1905
| | - R. Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemical Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-1905
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22
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Hang W, Walden WO, Harrison WW. Microsecond Pulsed Glow Discharge as an Analytical Spectroscopic Source. Anal Chem 1996; 68:1148-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9510797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - W. O. Walden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - W. W. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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23
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Schelles W, Maes KJR, De Gendt S, Van Grieken RE. Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Atmospheric Particulate Matter. Anal Chem 1996; 68:1136-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9509768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Schelles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kris J. R. Maes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Stefan De Gendt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - René E. Van Grieken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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Hot cell based time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02037610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Cable PR, Parker M, Marcus RK, Pochkowski JM. Direct generation of ion beam images with a two-dimensional charge injection device. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1995; 6:140-147. [PMID: 24222076 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(94)00104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/1994] [Accepted: 10/13/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of a two-dimensional charge injection device (CID) to directly image the spatial profile of impingent positively charged ions is described. By this approach, no prior conversion from an ion beam to a photon image is required. Because of the positive response of the device to plasma photons, ions that emanated from the radiofrequency glow discharge source were diverted around a photon stop and focused onto the CID. The resultant ion images were digitized via an external image processor and corrected for dark current contributions. Two-dimensional ion images and single pixel line profiles are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Cable
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemical Laboratories, Clemson University, 29634-1905, Clemson, SC
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26
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Smithwick RW, Lynch DW, Franklin JC. Relative ion yields measured with a high-resolution glow discharge mass spectrometer operated with an argon/hydrogen mixture. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1993; 4:278-285. [PMID: 24234858 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(93)85092-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/1992] [Revised: 10/06/1992] [Accepted: 10/06/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative elemental analysis by glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) requires a calibration factor for each element. The calibration factors used in the present work are called relative ion yields (RIYs). The RIYs of each of 19 elements within samples of four National Institute of Standards and Technology steel reference materials (nos. 661-664) were measured using pure argon and an argon mixture containing 1.0% hydrogen by volume. The RIYs measured using pure argon correlated within a factor of approximately 2-3 to the RIYs calculated by a theoretical model. The RlYs measured for these 19 elements using the argon mixture containing 1.0% hydrogen correlated within a factor of approximately 1.3 to the calculated RIYs. These results may have significant analytical potential with respect to GDMS and may have application to other plasma techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Smithwick
- Plant Laboratory, Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., Building 9995, MS-8189, P.O. Box 2009, 37831-8189, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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Jinglin Y, Zhenshu W, Gongshu Z, Jianshi R. Coating Thickness Determination by Cathodic Sputtering Glow Discharge Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GDAAS). ANAL LETT 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719308016817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Heinzle E. Present and potential applications of mass spectrometry for bioprocess research and control. J Biotechnol 1992; 25:81-114. [PMID: 1368465 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(92)90111-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
For on-line monitoring of bioprocesses present applications are mainly restricted to gas analysis, but several techniques have been improved recently: membrane probes, the application of MS/MS techniques, methods of correlating available on-line data like gas reaction rates with bioprocess characteristics using stoichiometric models and other empirical correlations. New ionization and ion separation methods for biomolecules are developing dramatically. Most striking developments in this area are improved desorption techniques, electrospray, the renaissance of time-of-flight instruments and new challenges in ion trap techniques. Enormous progress is made in the analysis of peptides and other biopolymers. Combinations with new separation techniques like capillary electrophoresis and capillary HPLC show new horizons in biomolecule analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Heinzle
- Chemical Engineering Department, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Barhick CM, Eyler JR. A glow discharge ion source with fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric detection. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1992; 3:122-127. [PMID: 24242880 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(92)87045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/1991] [Revised: 06/25/1991] [Accepted: 07/01/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A glow discharge (CD) ion source has been coupled to a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer using a four-element electrostatic lens to accelerate and focus ions generated external to the instrument's high magnetic field into its analyzer cell. Like other CD mass spectrometers, GD-FT-ICR can provide a quantitative measure of bulk analyte concentration with good precision and accuracy. Although detection limits currently attainable are several orders of magnitude higher than the commercially available magnetic sector-based instrument, CD-FT-ICR holds promise for ultrahigh resolving power elemental mass analysis. Several schemes are proposed to lower the detection limits of the technique while still providing high enough resolution to resolve isobaric interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Barhick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 32611-2046, Gainesville, FL
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Smithwick RW. Theoretical calculations of relative ion yields for glow discharge mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1992; 3:79-84. [PMID: 24242840 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(92)85021-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/1991] [Revised: 04/24/1991] [Accepted: 05/09/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative determination of the elemental composition of metals and other solids by glow discharge mass spectrometry requires a calibration factor for each element. In past work, these factors, called relative ion yields (RIYs), have been determined experimentally from the mass spectra of standards of certified composition. The RlYs of some elements were found to be over 10 times larger than the RIYs of other elements. In this study a simple calculation of the RIYs of the elements within the same sample is derived from a theoretical framework which takes into account the combined effects of sputtering and ionization. The ionization function involves the electron affinity and the first ionization potential of each element, plus two unknown parameters. By favorable selection of a temperature parameter and a chemical-potential parameter, the RIYs calculated by this method were found to agree satisfactorily with the experimental RlYs of former work. The temperature of 16,000 K (used in this work) corresponds to an average electron energy of ∼ 2 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Smithwick
- Plant Laboratory, Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Martin Marietta Energy Systems Inc., Building 9995, MS-8189, P.O. Box 2009, 37831-8189, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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