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Song XC, Wrona M, Nerin C, Lin QB, Zhong HN. Volatile non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) identified in recycled expanded polystyrene containers and their migration into food simulants. Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Soheilifar S, Rajabi-Moghaddam MJ, Karimi G, Mohammadinejad A, Motamedshariaty VS, Mohajeri SA. Application of molecularly imprinted polymer in solid-phase microextraction coupled with HPLC-UV for analysis of dibutyl phthalate in bottled water and soft drink samples. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1488138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Soheilifar
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Sadat Motamedshariaty
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Giannetti V, Boccacci Mariani M, Mannino P. Monitoring of contaminants in recycled paperboard for food contact applications. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2191-2198. [PMID: 27611788 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of harmonized European legislation on food packaging led the Confederation of European Paper Industries to the proposal of a voluntary Industry Guideline for the compliance of paper and board materials for food contact applications. In the present work, a previously established method for the simultaneous determination of contaminants commonly found in recycled paperboard was improved and its applicability as a quality control tool in the paper industry was also assessed. The method involves a sample pre-treatment followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. RESULTS For analysis, paperboard samples were collected both from three sections of the same reel and from different reels belonging to the same production run. Results highlighted no significant differences in terms of contaminant distribution among samples, which ensured good sampling representativeness. The performance of the method was considerably improved in terms of linearity range, limits of detection and quantification (5- to 2-fold lower) by using a quadrupole GC/MS system instead of an ion trap GC/MS system. CONCLUSION The proposed method could offer a key strategy for analysis of benzophenone derivatives, diisopropyl naphthalene and phthalates in recycled paperboard in order to assess compliance of food packaging with the voluntary limits recommended by the Industry Guideline. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Giannetti
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Boccacci Mariani
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mannino
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161, Rome, Italy
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Boccacci Mariani M, Giannetti V, Mannino P, Ceccarelli V. Enhanced Quality Control of Recycled Paperboard for Food Packaging. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.999271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Russo MV, Avino P, Perugini L, Notardonato I. Extraction and GC-MS analysis of phthalate esters in food matrices: a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01916h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Scopus database, using “phthalate” and “GC” as keywords, 758 papers have been found between 1990 and 2014, showing strong and increasing interest in this class of compounds from the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vincenzo Russo
- Dipartimento Agricoltura
- Ambiente e Alimenti
- Università del Molise
- 86100 Campobasso
- Italy
| | | | - Luisa Perugini
- Dipartimento Agricoltura
- Ambiente e Alimenti
- Università del Molise
- 86100 Campobasso
- Italy
| | - Ivan Notardonato
- Dipartimento Agricoltura
- Ambiente e Alimenti
- Università del Molise
- 86100 Campobasso
- Italy
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Sample Preparation. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9780471980582.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Barnkob L, Petersen J. Effect of relative humidity on the migration of benzophenone from paperboard into the food simulant Tenax® and modelling hereof. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:395-402. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.741717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pérez-Palacios D, Fernández-Recio MÁ, Moreta C, Tena MT. Determination of bisphenol-type endocrine disrupting compounds in food-contact recycled-paper materials by focused ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 99:167-74. [PMID: 22967537 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) and reverse-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF-MS) was applied to the determination of bisphenol-type endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in food-contact recycled-paper materials. Recycled paper is a potential source of EDCs. Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and their derivatives bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) are used for the production of epoxy resins employed in the formulation of printing inks. The FUSLE of bisphenol-type EDCs from packaging is reported for the first time. First, different extraction solvents were studied and methanol was selected. Then, the main FUSLE factors affecting the extraction efficiency (solvent volume, extraction time and ultrasonic irradiation power) were studied by means of a central composite design. The FUSLE conditions selected for further experiments were 20 ml of methanol at ultrasonic amplitude of 100% for 5s. Finally, the number of extraction cycles necessary for complete extraction was established in two. The analysis of the FUSLE extracts was carried out by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS with electrospray ionization and the determination of the four analytes took place in only 4 min. The FUSLE and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS method was validated and applied to the analysis of different food-contact recycled-paper-based materials and packaging. The proposed method provided recoveries from 72% to 97%, repeatability and intermediate precision under 9% and 14%, respectively, and detection limits of 0.33, 0.16, 0.65 and 0.40 μg/g for BPA, BPF, BADGE and BFDGE, respectively. The analysis of paper and cardboard samples confirmed the presence of EDCs in these packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-Palacios
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, C/Madre de Dios 51, E-26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
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Extraction of phthalate esters from water and beverages using a graphene-based magnetic nanocomposite prior to their determination by HPLC. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Lin QB, Li B, Song H, Li XM. DETERMINATION OF 7 ANTIOXIDANTS, 8 ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENTS, AND 2 FIRE RETARDANTS IN PLASTIC FOOD PACKAGE BY ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION AND ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.563889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Bao Lin
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Huan Song
- b Shanxi Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
- c College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Datong University , Datong, Shanxi, P. R. China
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Lin QB, Wang TJ, Song H, Li B. Analysis of isothiazolinone biocides in paper for food packaging by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1775-81. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.521896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang K, Noonan GO, Begley TH. Determination of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) and n-dibutylphthalate (DBP) in food and paper packaging materials from US marketplaces. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 25:1416-23. [PMID: 19680850 DOI: 10.1080/02652030802163380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography-ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry procedure was developed for the determination of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) and n-dibutylphthalate (DBP) in domestic and imported paper packages and food sold in US marketplaces. The procedure involved ultrasonic extraction with dichloromethane, followed by analysis with the gas chromatography-ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. Calibration curves for DIPN and DBP were achieved with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 microg ml(-1) and the corresponding r(2) values were 0.9976 and 0.9956, respectively. In most of the fortified samples the recoveries were higher than 80% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) <10%. Using this procedure, it was found that less than 20% of the tested domestic packages and more than 60% of the tested imported food packages contained both DIPN and DBP. The concentrations of DIPN and DBP ranged from 0.09 to 20 mg kg(-1) and 0.14 to 55 mg kg(-1), respectively, with most of the DINP and DBP levels lower than 20 mg kg(-1). DIPN was not detected (<0.01 mg kg(-1)) in 41 food samples and DBP was only detected in two domestic and four imported food samples with concentrations ranging from <0.01 to 0.81 mg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Centre for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), MD, USA.
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Optimisation of supercritical fluid extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrated derivatives adsorbed on highly sorptive diesel particulate matter. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 651:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nerín C, Asensio E. Migration of organic compounds from a multilayer plastic–paper material intended for food packaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:589-96. [PMID: 17680237 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the study of the kinetic migration of a series of organic compounds representative of potential contaminants in packaging materials and used as surrogates (o-xylene, acetophenone, dodecane, naphthalene, 2,3,4-trichloroanisole, benzophenone, isomeric mix of diisopropylnaphthalene, diisobutyl phthalate and methyl stearate). Migration to one side of a solid simulant, Tenax, also referred to as MPPO (modified polyphenylene oxide), was investigated in this study. One spiked sample of multilayer material was used to optimise the extraction procedures for the multilayer paper-based material and the Tenax as well as to perform kinetic migration studies. Three sequential extractions using ethanol were necessary for the strips of the multilayer material but only one extraction was necessary for the solid simulant to obtain >70% recovery of the surrogates. These results enabled us to specify the extraction requirements of the multilayer sample and the solid simulant and as well as those of the migration tests at high temperature using Tenax as solid simulant. The matrix effect associated with the extraction of the contaminants from the multilayer sample is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nerín
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Zaragoza, CPS- Edif. Torres Quevedo. C/ María de Luna 3, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
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Nerín C, Contín E, Asensio E. Kinetic migration studies using Porapak as solid-food simulant to assess the safety of paper and board as food-packaging materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2283-8. [PMID: 17237924 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Porapak has been studied as a solid-food simulant in experiments on paper and board packaging. Three samples of paper with different recycled pulp content and surface treatment, and of different grammage and thickness, were used for the studies. Kinetic behaviour from 25 degrees C to 100 degrees C and different contact times ranging from 5 min at 100 degrees C to 10 days at 25 degrees C were studied using Porapak or, occasionally, Tenax or milk powder. Similar results were obtained with Porapak and Tenax but those from Porapak were more stable with temperature. Porapak behaves as good solid-food simulant even at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nerín
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Zaragoza, CPS-Edif. Torres Quevedo, C/ María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Triantafyllou VI, Akrida-Demertzi K, Demertzis PG. Determination of partition behavior of organic surrogates between paperboard packaging materials and air. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1077:74-9. [PMID: 15988989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of recycled paperboard packaging materials for direct food contact applications is a major area of investigation. Chemical contaminants (surrogates) partitioning between recycled paper packaging and foods may affect the safety and health of the consumer. The partition behavior of all possible organic compounds between cardboards and individual foodstuffs is difficult and too time consuming for being fully investigated. Therefore it may be more efficient to determine these partition coefficients indirectly through experimental determination of the partitioning behavior between cardboard samples and air. In this work, the behavior of organic pollutants present in a set of two paper and board samples intended to be in contact with foods was studied. Adsorption isotherms have been plotted and partition coefficients between paper and air have been calculated as a basis for the estimation of their migration potential into food. Values of partition coefficients (Kpaper/air) from 47 to 1207 were obtained at different temperatures. For the less volatile surrogates such as dibutyl phthalate and methyl stearate higher Kpaper/air values were obtained. The adsorption curves showed that the more volatile substances are partitioning mainly in air phase and increasing the temperature from 70 to 100 degrees C their concentrations in air (Cair) have almost doubled. The analysis of surrogates was performed with a method based on solvent extraction and gas chromatographic-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Triantafyllou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Batlle R, Nerín C. Application of single-drop microextraction to the determination of dialkyl phthalate esters in food simulants. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1045:29-35. [PMID: 15378876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A fast and simple method, using static single-drop microextraction (SDME), has been developed to facilitate the identification and quantification of seven dialkyl phthalate esters in the three aqueous food simulants. The simulants were: A, distilled water; B, 3% (w/v) acetic acid/water; and C, 15% (v/v) ethanol/water. The extraction is performed by simply suspending a drop of organic solvent in the aqueous sample using a conventional gas chromatography (GC) microsyringe. Following extraction, the organic phase is withdrawn into the syringe and analyzed by gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (FID). The optimized method yields a linear calibration curve over three orders of magnitude for all the simulants, and method detection limits (MDLs) allowing detection of all the studied compounds at concentrations below migration limits established by the European Union. The accuracy of the SDME method was tested and compared to that of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) by recovery experiments using spiked samples, with results ranging from 85 to 115% in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Batlle
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research i3A, CPS-University of Zaragoza, Torres Quevedo Bldg, María de Luna St 3, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Latorre A, Lacorte S, Barceló D, Montury M. Determination of nonylphenol and octylphenol in paper by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1065:251-6. [PMID: 15782971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel and simple method for the determination of active endocrine disrupter compounds (octylphenol OP, and nonylphenol NP) in paper using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction, coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed. Parameters affecting the efficiency in the MAE process such as exposure time and extraction solvent were studied in order to determine operating conditions. The optimised method was linear over the range studied (1.25-125 microg kg(-1) for OP and 9.50-950 microg kg(-1) for NP) and showed good level of precision, with a RSD lower than 10% and detection limits at 0.10 and 4.56 microg kg(-1) for OP and NP, respectively. The results obtained from six different types of paper revealed the presence of the target compounds in all samples analysed, at levels ranging between 3 and 211 microg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Latorre
- Equipe Périgourdine de Chimie Appliquée, EPCA-LPTC, UMR 5472 Université Bordeaux1-CNRS, BP 1043, 24001 Périgueux, Cedex, France
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de los Santos M, Batlle R, Salafranca J, Nerín C. Subcritical water and dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction of fluorescent whitening agents and azo dyes in paper samples. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1064:135-41. [PMID: 15739881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two low-volume solvent continuous extraction methods are applied to the extraction of paper matrices. In the methods reported here, a complex mixture of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) and azo dyes (AZOs) used in paper materials intended to come into contact with foodstuffs was extracted by using subcritical water extraction (SWE) and dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction (DSASE). Rationale for the work is based upon migration concerns of these groups of analytes from the packaging to the packaged items, thus compromising their subjective and/or objective quality. In SWE, sample was extracted in 21 min with 0.5 mL of water, whereas the DSASE method required 11 min and used 7 mL of water. DSASE was further developed by incorporating an organic modifier in order to change water polarity, thus improving extraction of moderately polar analytes. This way, modified-DSASE used a total organic volume of 0.9 mL which represents a reduction of 200 times in organic solvent consumption (200 mL versus approximately 1.0 mL) and 11 times in extraction time (2h versus 11 min) compared to the existing methods. SWE was able to extract only 9 out of 12 test analytes with average recoveries between 10 and 25% whereas modified-DSASE succeed in extracting all the target analytes with an average recovery of 89%. Complete discussion and explanation concerning these differences are provided in the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario de los Santos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research i3 A, CPS-University of Zaragoza, Torres Quevedo Bldg., María de Luna St. 3, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Nerı́n C, Asensio E. Behaviour of organic pollutants in paper and board samples intended to be in contact with food. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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