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Coupling of chemical vapor generation with atmospheric pressure glow discharge optical emission spectrometry generated in contact with flowing liquid electrodes for determination of Br in water samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Gubal A, Chuchina V, Sorokina A, Solovyev N, Ganeev A. MASS SPECTROMETRY-BASED TECHNIQUES FOR DIRECT QUANTIFICATION OF HIGH IONIZATION ENERGY ELEMENTS IN SOLID MATERIALS-CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:359-380. [PMID: 32619078 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The determination of nonmetals, first of all, the most electronegative ones-nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, poses the highest challenge for element analysis. These elements are characterized by high reactivity, volatility, high ionization energy, and the absence of intensive spectral lines in the optical spectral range. Conventional techniques of their quantification include considerable "wet chemistry" stages so the application of these techniques for the solid sample is highly laborious and prone to uncontrollable uncertainties. Additionally, current development in material science and other areas requires the quantification of the elements at lower levels with good sensitivity. Owing to their robustness and flexibility, mass spectrometry techniques provide vast possibilities for the quantification, spatial and isotopic analysis, including the solutions for direct analysis of solids. The current review focuses on the application of major mass spectrometric techniques for the quantification of N, O, F, Cl, and Br in solid samples. The following techniques are mainly considered: thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), isotope-ratio MS (IRMS), secondary ion MS (SIMS), inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP-MS), and glow discharge MS (GDMS); as the most accessible and widely applied for the purpose. General ionization issues, advantages, limitations, and novel methodological solutions are discussed. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gubal
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Victoria Chuchina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Angelina Sorokina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Nikolay Solovyev
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Alexander Ganeev
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Institute of Toxicology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, ul. Bekhtereva 1, St. Petersburg, 192019, Russia
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Li W, Yin Z, Cheng X, Hang W, Li J, Huang B. Pulsed Microdischarge with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Elemental Analysis on Solid Metal Samples. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4871-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Benli Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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4
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Determination of bromine by high resolution molecular absorption of strontium mono bromide generated in a graphite furnace. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Ballesteros-Gómez A, Brandsma SH, de Boer J, Leonards PEG. Direct probe atmospheric pressure photoionization/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry for fast screening of flame retardants and plasticizers in products and waste. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2503-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Development of a miniature dielectric barrier discharge–optical emission spectrometric system for bromide and bromate screening in environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 809:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Limburg T, Einax JW. Determination of bromine using high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry in a graphite furnace. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
A novel analytical method, called Liquid Phase Ion Mobility Spectrometry (LiPIMS) was demonstrated, where aqueous phase analytes were ionized and introduced into non-aqueous liquids, transported by an external electric field from the point of generation to a collection electrode. Ions were produced from a unique liquid phase ionization process, called Electrodispersion Ionization. Spectra of analyte ions illustrated the potential of LiPIMS as a new separation technique. Experimental data showed that electrodispersion ionization was effective in generating nanoampere level of ion current in hexane and benzene from aqueous samples. By controlling the ionization voltage in relation to the sample flow rate, it was possible to operate the electrodispersion ionization source in both continuous and pulsed ionization modes. Unique LiPIMS spectra of aqueous samples of tetramethylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide and bradykinin were presented and their respected liquid phase ion mobility values were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Tam
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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10
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Hazardous and other element characterization of new and used domestic plastic food containers using INAA and AAS. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Fernández B, Pereiro R, Sanz-Medel A. Glow discharge analysis of nanostructured materials and nanolayers—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 679:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Okamoto Y, Komori H, Kataoka H, Tsukahara S, Fujiwara T. Direct determination of bromine in plastics by electrothermal vaporization/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using a tungsten boat furnace vaporizer and an exchangeable sample cuvette system. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1265-1270. [PMID: 20391597 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A tungsten boat furnace vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (TBF/ICP-MS) method has been applied to the direct determination of bromine in plastic samples. In the pretreatment, the plastic sample is spread over a small sample cuvette made of tungsten by treating it with a strongly basic organic solution, e.g., octanol or diisobutyl ketone in the presence of potassium hydroxide. The cuvette is placed on a tungsten boat furnace, with which the electrothermal vaporizer is equipped. At the vaporization step, a widely spread thin layer of the sample facilitates its efficient evaporation and introduction into an ICP mass spectrometer. The most remarkable feature is that all the bromine species in plastic samples are decomposed to form a thermally stable inorganic salt during the pretreatment procedure. Therefore, the bromine content in plastic samples can be measured by a calibration curve method constructed with an aqueous standard solution of potassium bromate(V). The detection limit (3sigma) was estimated to be 0.77 pg of bromine, which corresponds to a concentration of 0.31 ng g(-1) of bromine in plastic samples when a sample amount taken of 2.5 mg is studied. The relative standard deviation was calculated to be 2.2%. Analytical results of some plastic samples, which contained both inorganic bromide salts and also organic bromine species, are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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Vázquez AS, Costa-Fernandez JM, Encinar JR, Pereiro R, Sanz-Medel A. Bromine determination in polymers by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and its potential for fast first screening of brominated flame retardants in polymers and paintings. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 623:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Solà Vázquez A, Martín A, Costa-Fernandez JM, Ruiz Encinar J, Bordel N, Pereiro R, Sanz-Medel A. Quantification of bromine in flame-retardant coatings by radiofrequency glow discharge–optical emission spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:683-90. [PMID: 17565484 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing concern regarding the toxicity and environmental distribution and impact of brominated organic compounds employed as flame retardants. Thus, present interest in searching for new analytical techniques and methods allowing a rapid, simple and reliable detection of those compounds in materials and wastes potentially containing such flame retardants is not surprising. The feasibility of using radiofrequency glow discharge plasma spectrometry coupled with optical emission spectrometry (rf-GD-OES) as a rapid and simple tool to directly analyse bromine-containing flame-retardant polymeric layers is investigated here. Polymeric layers for calibration were made by mixing appropriate amounts of tetrabromobisphenol A, bisphenol A, phloroglucinol and diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate in tetrahydrofuran. The corresponding blanks (polymers without tetrabromobisphenol A) were also prepared. Detection of bromine was investigated both in the visible (at 470.48 nm) and in the near-infrared (at 827.24 nm) regions, using a charge-coupled device for detection. Discharge parameters affecting the emission intensity of bromine were first optimized (in argon and helium as possible plasma gases) and the analytical performance characteristics were then evaluated. The best detection limit (0.044% Br) was achieved measuring Br I 827.24 nm in a He discharge, using a forward power of 70 W and a pressure of 45 Torr. The linearity range extended up to 27% Br. Finally, the applicability of the rf-GD-OES method proposed to the quantitative analysis of bromine in solid materials coated with flame-retardant commercial paints was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auristela Solà Vázquez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julian Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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