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Wang Y, Xu H, Sui B, Xi H, Fu Y, Zhao W, Li P, Sun S, Wang D, Zhang J. Self-aspiration sampling design for rapid analyses of volatile organic compounds based on atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/photoionization combined ionization source mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1763-1769. [PMID: 38450684 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Development of combined mass spectrometry ionization sources has enabled expansion of the application and scope of mass spectrometry. A novel hybrid ionization system combining vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was constructed. Gaseous samples were self-aspirated into an ionization zone through a capillary by negative pressure, generated by high-speed airflow based on the Venturi effect. Compared with APCI mode alone, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in APCI/VUV mode was increased by about 276-times. To increase the ionization efficiency further, correlated experimental conditions were optimized. Four types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tested to evaluate the performance of the APCI/VUV ion source. Excellent linearity and limit of detection were achieved for compounds in mixed solutions. Quantitative analyses of four VOCs (toluene, cyclohexanone, styrene and ethylbenzene) using APCI/VUV-MS were done, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.57%, 6.30%, 4.49% and 8.21%, respectively, indicating that the APCI/VUV ionization source had excellent reproducibility. Our results demonstrated that the developed method was promising for analyzing VOCs as well as being rapid, simple, and easy to operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Flavor Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hengyi Xu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Shenzhen Tobacco Industrial Co., Ltd., Guangdong, 518110, China
| | - Bo Sui
- Flavor Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yingjie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- Flavor Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shihao Sun
- Flavor Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, P. R. China
| | - Dingzhong Wang
- Flavor Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jianxun Zhang
- Flavor Science Research Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, P. R. China
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Son CE, Choi HR, Choi SS. Test method for vapor collection and ion mobility detection of explosives with low vapor pressure. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9645. [PMID: 37942691 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been widely used for on-site detection of explosives. Air sampling method is applicable only when the concentration of explosive vapor is considerably high in the air, but vapor pressures of common explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) are very low. A test method for analyzing the vapor detection efficiency of explosives with low vapor pressure via IMS was developed using artificial vapor and collection matrices. METHODS Artificial explosive vapor was produced by spraying an explosive solution in acetone. Fifteen collection matrices of various materials with woven or nonwoven structures were tested. Two arrangements of horizontal and vertical positions of the collection matrices were employed. Explosive vapor collected in the matrix was analyzed using IMS. RESULTS Only three collection matrices of stainless steel mesh (SSM), polytetrafluoroethylene sheet (PFS), and lens cleansing paper (LCP) showed the TNT and/or RDX ion peaks at an explosive vapor concentration of 49 ng/L. There was no collection matrix to detect PETN vapor at or lower than 49 ng/L. For the PFS, TNT and RDX were detected at a vapor concentration of 49 ng/L. For the LCP, TNT and RDX were detected at vapor concentrations of 14 and 49 ng/L, irrespectively. CONCLUSIONS The difference in the explosive vapor detection efficiencies could be explained by the adsorption and desorption capabilities of the collection matrices. The proposed method can be used for evaluating the vapor detection efficiency of hazardous materials with low vapor pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Eun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - He-Ryun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Seen Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Nie E, He P, Peng W, Zhang H, Lü F. Microbial volatile organic compounds as novel indicators of anaerobic digestion instability: Potential and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108204. [PMID: 37356597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of anaerobic digestion (AD) technology is limited by process fluctuations. Thus, process monitoring based on screening state parameters as early warning indicators (EWI) is a top priority for AD facilities. However, predicting anaerobic digester stability based on such indicators is difficult, and their threshold values are uncertain, case-specific, and sometimes produce conflicting results. Thus, new EWI should be proposed to integrate microbial and metabolic information. These microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds are produced by microorganisms (bacteria, archaea and fungi), which might serve as a promising diagnostic tool for environmental monitoring. Moreover, mVOCs diffuse in both gas and liquid phases and are considered the language of intra kingdom microbial interactions. Herein, we highlight the potential of mVOCs as EWI for AD process instability, including discussions regarding characteristics and sources of mVOCs as well as sampling and determination methods. Furthermore, existing challenges must be addressed, before mVOCs profiling can be used as an early warning system for diagnosing AD process instability, such as mVOCs sampling, analysis and identification. Finally, we discuss the potential biotechnology applications of mVOCs and approaches to overcome the challenges regarding their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqi Nie
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Qiao M, Chen Z, Jin X, Su Y, Chen X, Guo L, Zhang Z, Su J. H-bond interaction traps vibrating fluorophore in polyurethane matrix for bifunctional environmental monitoring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37254604 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00754e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A simple strategy is presented for the bifunctional detection of environmental organic vapor and temperature by utilizing H-bond interactions to trap a butterfly-vibration-based fluorophore (DPAC-OH) in a polyurethane (PU) matrix. The method opens up a new path for large-scale environmental inspections and the design of dual-response luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mengyuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yonghao Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuanying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lifang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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van Wasen S, You Y, Beck S, Riedel J, Volmer DA. Miniaturized Protein Digestion Using Acoustic Levitation with Online High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4190-4195. [PMID: 36794939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The combination of acoustically levitated droplets, mid-IR laser evaporation, and subsequent post-ionization by secondary electrospray ionization was applied for monitoring the enzymatic digestion of various proteins. Acoustically levitated droplets are an ideal, wall-free model reactor, readily allowing compartmentalized microfluidic trypsin digestions. Time-resolved interrogation of the droplets yielded real-time information on the progress of the reaction and thus provided insights into reaction kinetics. After 30 min of digestion in the acoustic levitator, the obtained protein sequence coverages were identical to the reference overnight digestions. Importantly, our results clearly demonstrate that the applied experimental setup can be used for the real-time investigation of chemical reactions. Furthermore, the described methodology only uses a fraction of the typically applied amounts of solvent, analyte, and trypsin. Thus, the results exemplify the use of acoustic levitation as a green analytical chemistry alternative to the currently used batch reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian van Wasen
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Yi You
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Jens Riedel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
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6
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Guo JF, Zhang MY, Guo QZ, Yan GP, Liu LJ. Highly stable terbium(III)-based metal-organic framework for the detection of m-dinitroaromatics and Fe3+ in water. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Arndt JR, Wormwood Moser KL, Van Aken G, Doyle RM, Talamantes T, DeBord D, Maxon L, Stafford G, Fjeldsted J, Miller B, Sherman M. High-Resolution Ion-Mobility-Enabled Peptide Mapping for High-Throughput Critical Quality Attribute Monitoring. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2019-2032. [PMID: 33835810 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and monitoring of post-translational modifications (PTMs) by peptide mapping is a ubiquitous assay in biopharmaceutical characterization. Often, this assay is coupled to reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) separations that require long gradients to identify all components of the protein digest and resolve critical modifications for relative quantitation. Incorporating ion mobility (IM) as an orthogonal separation that relies on peptide structure can supplement the LC separation by providing an additional differentiation filter to resolve isobaric peptides, potentially reducing ambiguity in identification through mobility-aligned fragmentation and helping to reduce the run time of peptide mapping assays. A next-generation high-resolution ion mobility (HRIM) technique, based on structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) technology with a 13 m ion path, provides peak capacities and higher resolving power that rivals traditional chromatographic separations and, owing to its ability to resolve isobaric peptides that coelute in faster chromatographic methods, allows for up to 3× shorter run times than conventional peptide mapping methods. In this study, the NIST monoclonal antibody IgG1κ (NIST RM 8671, NISTmAb) was characterized by LC-HRIM-MS and LC-HRIM-MS with collision-induced dissociation (HRIM-CID-MS) using a 20 min analytical method. This approach delivered a sequence coverage of 96.5%. LC-HRIM-CID-MS experiments provided additional confidence in sequence determination. HRIM-MS resolved critical oxidations, deamidations, and isomerizations that coelute with their native counterparts in the chromatographic dimension. Finally, quantitative measurements of % modification were made using only the m/z-extracted HRIM arrival time distributions, showing good agreement with the reference liquid-phase separation. This study shows, for the first time, the analytical capability of HRIM using SLIM technology for enhancing peptide mapping workflows relevant to biopharmaceutical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Arndt
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Kelly L Wormwood Moser
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Gregory Van Aken
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Rory M Doyle
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Tatjana Talamantes
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Daniel DeBord
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Laura Maxon
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - George Stafford
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Bouelvard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - John Fjeldsted
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Bouelvard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Bryan Miller
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Bouelvard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Melissa Sherman
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., 4 Hillman Drive, Suite 130, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
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8
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Jiang X, Yu Z, Ma C, Wang D, Wu Y, Shi C, Li Y, Pang J, Zhang X, Jiang L. Aggregation-Induced Emission Molecule Microwire-Based Specific Organic Vapor Detector through Structural Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12501-12508. [PMID: 33683097 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An optical organic vapor sensor array based on colorimetric or fluorescence changes quantified by spectroscopy provides an efficient method for realizing rapid identification and detection of organic vapor, but improving the sensitivity of the optical organic vapor sensor is challenging. Here, AIE/polymer (AIE, ggregation-induced emission) composites into microwires arrays are fabricated as organic vapor sensors with specific recognition and high sensitivity for different vapors using the capillary-bridge-mediated assembly method. Such organic vapor sensor successfully detects organic vapor relying on a swelling-induced fluorescence change of the AIE/polymer composites, combating the unique property of AIE molecules and vapor absorption-induced polymer swelling. A series of AIE/polymer composites into microwires arrays with four different groups on the AIE molecule and four different side chains on the polymer is fabricated to detect four different organic vapors. The mechanism for improved sensitivity of the AIE/polymer composites microwires arrays sensors is the same because of the similar polarity between the group of AIE molecules and the vapor molecules. Molecular design of the side chains of the polymer and the groups of AIE molecules based on the polarity of the targeted vapor molecule can enhance the sensitivity of the sensors to the subparts per million level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Jiang
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenwei Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jinhui Pang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
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9
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Ahrens A, Möhle J, Hitzemann M, Zimmermann S. Novel ion drift tube for high-performance ion mobility spectrometers based on a composite material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-020-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIon mobility spectrometers (IMS) are able to detect pptV-level concentrations of substances in gasses and in liquids within seconds. Due to the continuous increase in analytical performance and reduction of the instrument size, IMS are established nowadays in a variety of analytical field applications. In order to reduce the manufacturing effort and further enhance their widespread use, we have developed a simple manufacturing process for drift tubes based on a composite material. This composite material consists of alternating layers of metal sheets and insulator material, which are connected to each other in a mechanically stable and gastight manner. Furthermore, this approach allows the production of ion drift tubes in just a few steps from a single piece of material, thus reducing the manufacturing costs and efforts. Here, a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer based on such a composite material is presented. Although its outer dimensions are just 15 mm × 15 mm in cross section and 57 mm in length, it has high resolving power of Rp = 62 and detection limits in the pptV-range, demonstrated for ethanol and 1,2,3-trichloropropane.
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Mullen M, Giordano BC. Combined secondary electrospray and corona discharge ionization (SECDI) for improved detection of explosive vapors using drift tube ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 209:120544. [PMID: 31892090 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Secondary electrospray corona discharge ionization (SECDI) combines the principles of secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) and corona discharge (CD) to achieve higher sensitivity, which is demonstrated through the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) vapors using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Using SECDI, enhancements in the IMS signal for TNT and 2,6-DNT vapors at trace concentrations are as much as 2-26 times that observed with CD or SESI alone. The enhancement in sensitivity is hypothesized to result from an increase in ionization efficiency driven by a higher number of reactant ions associated with SECDI compared to either technique individually. The ability of SECDI to achieve higher sensitivity without the aid of dopant molecules demonstrates its merit as an alternative ionization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mullen
- NRC Post-Doctoral Fellow, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA
| | - Braden C Giordano
- Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA.
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11
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Design of the explosion-proof detection integrated system based on PGNAA technology. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Bruderer T, Gaisl T, Gaugg MT, Nowak N, Streckenbach B, Müller S, Moeller A, Kohler M, Zenobi R. On-Line Analysis of Exhaled Breath Focus Review. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10803-10828. [PMID: 31594311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
On-line analysis of exhaled breath offers insight into a person's metabolism without the need for sample preparation or sample collection. Due to its noninvasive nature and the possibility to sample continuously, the analysis of breath has great clinical potential. The unique features of this technology make it an attractive candidate for applications in medicine, beyond the task of diagnosis. We review the current methodologies for on-line breath analysis, discuss current and future applications, and critically evaluate challenges and pitfalls such as the need for standardization. Special emphasis is given to the use of the technology in diagnosing respiratory diseases, potential niche applications, and the promise of breath analysis for personalized medicine. The analytical methodologies used range from very small and low-cost chemical sensors, which are ideal for continuous monitoring of disease status, to optical spectroscopy and state-of-the-art, high-resolution mass spectrometry. The latter can be utilized for untargeted analysis of exhaled breath, with the capability to identify hitherto unknown molecules. The interpretation of the resulting big data sets is complex and often constrained due to a limited number of participants. Even larger data sets will be needed for assessing reproducibility and for validation of biomarker candidates. In addition, molecular structures and quantification of compounds are generally not easily available from on-line measurements and require complementary measurements, for example, a separation method coupled to mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a lack of standardization still hampers the application of the technique to screen larger cohorts of patients. This review summarizes the present status and continuous improvements of the principal on-line breath analysis methods and evaluates obstacles for their wider application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bruderer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland.,Division of Respiratory Medicine , University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center Zurich , CH-8032 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gaisl
- Department of Pulmonology , University Hospital Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research , University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Martin T Gaugg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Nora Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Bettina Streckenbach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Simona Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine , University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center Zurich , CH-8032 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology , University Hospital Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology , University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research , University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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Molecularly imprinted graphite spray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry: application to trace analysis of the pesticide propoxur. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:396. [PMID: 31161360 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A porous graphite sheet modified by a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was directly used as the spray ionization source for ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Therefore, it was possible to selectively analyze samples extracted by the molecularly imprinted polymer. This obviates the need for the steps of elution, solvent evaporation, dissolution and injection. To prepare the sheet, the graphite surface was first modified by electrodeposition of a molecularly imprinted polypyrrole film. This polypyrrole film was fabricated in a three-electrode electrochemical system using cyclic voltammetry. The electropolymerization of the graphite sheet was carried out with LiClO4 as a supporting electrolyte in the reaction solution. The effects of the amount of monomer, the level of template concentrations, and the time of polymerization on the extraction efficiency of the MIP film were evaluated. The extraction conditions including extraction time, the extraction temperature, the pH values, the salt concentrations, and the stirring rate were also studied. Methanol was selected as the most suitable solvent for both desorption and ionization which occur simultaneously. The pesticide propoxur (acting as a test compound) was extracted from water samples and directly analyzed using IMS. The analytical parameters (working range: 1.0 to 250 ng·mL-1; detection limit: 0.3 ng·mL-1) indicated that the direct coupling of MIP and IMS has a great potential in terms of reproducibility, and speed of the analysis, while maintaining acceptable sensitivity. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of molecularly imprinted graphite spray ionization coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for rapid/selective extraction and ionization: Application to the pre-concentration of propoxur prior to its quantification by IMS.
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Shahraki H, Tabrizchi M, Farrokhpor H. Detection of explosives using negative ion mobility spectrometry in air based on dopant-assisted thermal ionization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 357:1-9. [PMID: 29859459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ionization source is an essential component of most explosive detectors based on negative ion mobility spectrometry. Conventional ion sources suffer from such inherent limitations as special safety regulations on radioactive sources or generating interfering ions (for non-radioactive sources) such as corona discharge operating in the air. In this study, a new negative ion source is introduced for ion mobility spectrometry that is based on thermal ionization and operates in the air, applicable to explosives detection. Our system consists of a heating filament powered by an isolated power supply connected to negative high voltage. The ionization is assisted by doping chlorinated compounds in the gas phase using chlorinated hydrocarbons in contact with the heating element to yield Cl- reactant ions. Several chlorinated hydrocarbons are evaluated as the reagent chemicals for providing Cl- reactant ions, of which CCl4 is identified as the best ionizing reagent. The ion source is evaluated by recording the ion mobility spectra of common explosives, including TNT, RDX, and PETN in the air. A detection limit of 150 pg is obtained for TNT. Compared to other ionization sources, the new source is found to be low-cost, simple, and long-lived, making it suited to portable explosives detection devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shahraki
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tabrizchi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Hossein Farrokhpor
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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15
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Hauck BC, Harden CS, McHugh VM. Current status and need for standards in ion mobility spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-018-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Kumbhani S, Longin T, Wingen LM, Kidd C, Perraud V, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. New Mechanism of Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Heterogeneous Solid Particles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2055-2062. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kumbhani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California−Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - T. Longin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Redlands, Redlands, California 92373, United States
| | - L. M. Wingen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California−Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - C. Kidd
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California−Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - V. Perraud
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California−Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - B. J. Finlayson-Pitts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California−Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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17
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Choi SS, Son CE. Testing Method for On-Site Measurement of Explosive Materials Contaminated on Travel Luggage Bag and Backpack Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Seen Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Sejong University; Seoul 05006 Korea
| | - Chae Eun Son
- Department of Chemistry; Sejong University; Seoul 05006 Korea
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18
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Hauck BC, Siems WF, Harden CS, McHugh VM, Hill HH. Construction and evaluation of a hermetically sealed accurate ion mobility instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-017-0224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Buckley DT, Hogan CJ. Determination of the transfer function of an atmospheric pressure drift tube ion mobility spectrometer for nanoparticle measurements. Analyst 2017; 142:1800-1812. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new method is introduced to determine the transfer/transmission function of a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Buckley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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20
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Riebe D, Erler A, Ritschel T, Beitz T, Löhmannsröben HG, Beil A, Blaschke M, Ludwig T. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of explosives induced by soft X-radiation in ion mobility spectrometry: mass spectrometric investigation of the ionization reactions of drift gasses, dopants and alkyl nitrates. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:566-577. [PMID: 28239970 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A promising replacement for the radioactive sources commonly encountered in ion mobility spectrometers is a miniaturized, energy-efficient photoionization source that produce the reactant ions via soft X-radiation (2.8 keV). In order to successfully apply the photoionization source, it is imperative to know the spectrum of reactant ions and the subsequent ionization reactions leading to the detection of analytes. To that end, an ionization chamber based on the photoionization source that reproduces the ionization processes in the ion mobility spectrometer and facilitates efficient transfer of the product ions into a mass spectrometer was developed. Photoionization of pure gasses and gas mixtures containing air, N2 , CO2 and N2 O and the dopant CH2 Cl2 is discussed. The main product ions of photoionization are identified and compared with the spectrum of reactant ions formed by radioactive and corona discharge sources on the basis of literature data. The results suggest that photoionization by soft X-radiation in the negative mode is more selective than the other sources. In air, adduct ions of O2- with H2 O and CO2 were exclusively detected. Traces of CO2 impact the formation of adduct ions of O2- and Cl- (upon addition of dopant) and are capable of suppressing them almost completely at high CO2 concentrations. Additionally, the ionization products of four alkyl nitrates (ethylene glycol dinitrate, nitroglycerin, erythritol tetranitrate and pentaerythritol tetranitrate) formed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization induced by X-ray photoionization in different gasses (air, N2 and N2 O) and dopants (CH2 Cl2 , C2 H5 Br and CH3 I) are investigated. The experimental studies are complemented by density functional theory calculations of the most important adduct ions of the alkyl nitrates (M) used for their spectrometric identification. In addition to the adduct ions [M + NO3 ]- and [M + Cl]- , adduct ions such as [M + N2 O2 ]- , [M + Br]- and [M + I]- were detected, and their gas-phase structures and energetics are investigated by density functional theory calculations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Riebe
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Erler
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Ritschel
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Toralf Beitz
- Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Beil
- Bruker Daltonik, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Ludwig
- Bruker Daltonik, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Giannoukos S, Brkić B, Taylor S, Marshall A, Verbeck GF. Chemical Sniffing Instrumentation for Security Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8146-72. [PMID: 27388215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Border control for homeland security faces major challenges worldwide due to chemical threats from national and/or international terrorism as well as organized crime. A wide range of technologies and systems with threat detection and monitoring capabilities has emerged to identify the chemical footprint associated with these illegal activities. This review paper investigates artificial sniffing technologies used as chemical sensors for point-of-use chemical analysis, especially during border security applications. This article presents an overview of (a) the existing available technologies reported in the scientific literature for threat screening, (b) commercially available, portable (hand-held and stand-off) chemical detection systems, and (c) their underlying functional and operational principles. Emphasis is given to technologies that have been developed for in-field security operations, but laboratory developed techniques are also summarized as emerging technologies. The chemical analytes of interest in this review are (a) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with security applications (e.g., illegal, hazardous, and terrorist events), (b) chemical "signatures" associated with human presence, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatios Giannoukos
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 3GJ, U.K
| | - Boris Brkić
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 3GJ, U.K.,Q-Technologies Ltd., 100 Childwall Road, Liverpool, L15 6UX, U.K
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 3GJ, U.K.,Q-Technologies Ltd., 100 Childwall Road, Liverpool, L15 6UX, U.K
| | - Alan Marshall
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 3GJ, U.K
| | - Guido F Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas , Denton, Texas 76201, United States
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22
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yang J, Ruan J, Sun C. Microbial volatile organic compounds and their application in microorganism identification in foodstuff. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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23
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McKenzie-Coe A, DeBord JD, Ridgeway M, Park M, Eiceman G, Fernandez-Lima F. Lifetimes and stabilities of familiar explosive molecular adduct complexes during ion mobility measurements. Analyst 2016; 140:5692-9. [PMID: 26153567 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00527b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trapped ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) was utilized for the separation and identification of familiar explosives in complex mixtures. For the first time, molecular adduct complex lifetimes, relative stability, binding energies and candidate structures are reported for familiar explosives. Experimental and theoretical results showed that the adduct size and reactivity, complex binding energy and the explosive structure tailor the stability of the molecular adduct complex. The flexibility of TIMS to adapt the mobility separation as a function of the molecular adduct complex stability (i.e., short or long IMS experiments/low or high IMS resolution) permits targeted measurements of explosives in complex mixtures with high confidence levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McKenzie-Coe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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24
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Choi SS, Son CE, Shin MW, Choi GS. Influence of Smear Matrix Type on Detection Efficiencies of Explosives in Corona Discharge-Ion Mobility Spectrometer. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Seen Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Sejong University; Seoul 143-747 Korea
| | - Chae Eun Son
- Department of Chemistry; Sejong University; Seoul 143-747 Korea
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25
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Breitbach ZS, Berthod A, Huang K, Armstrong DW. Mass spectrometric detection of trace anions: The evolution of paired-ion electrospray ionization (PIESI). MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:201-218. [PMID: 25648413 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The negative-ion mode of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is intrinsically less sensitive than the positive-ion mode. The detection and quantitation of anions can be performed in positive-ion mode by forming specific ion-pairs during the electrospray process. The paired-ion electrospray ionization (PIESI) method uses specially synthesized multifunctional cations to form positively charged adducts with the anions to be analyzed. The adducts are detected in the positive-ion mode and at higher m/z ratios to produce excellent signal-to-noise ratios and limits of detection that often are orders of magnitude better than those obtained with native anions in the negative-ion mode. This review briefly summarizes the different analytical approaches to detect and separate anions. It focuses on the recently introduced PIESI method to present the most effective dicationic, tricationic, and tetracationic reagents for the detection of singly and multiply charged anions and some zwitterions. The mechanism by which specific structural molecular architectures can have profound effects on signal intensities is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Planetarium Place, Arlington, 76019, Texas
| | - Alain Berthod
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, University of Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Planetarium Place, Arlington, 76019, Texas
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Planetarium Place, Arlington, 76019, Texas
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26
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Gaugg MT, Gomez DG, Barrios-Collado C, Vidal-de-Miguel G, Kohler M, Zenobi R, Martinez-Lozano Sinues P. Expanding metabolite coverage of real-time breath analysis by coupling a universal secondary electrospray ionization source and high resolution mass spectrometry—a pilot study on tobacco smokers. J Breath Res 2016; 10:016010. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/016010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Larriba-Andaluz C, Fernández-García J, Ewing MA, Hogan CJ, Clemmer DE. Gas molecule scattering & ion mobility measurements for organic macro-ions in He versus N2 environments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:15019-29. [PMID: 25988389 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A pending issue in linking ion mobility measurements to ion structures is that the collisional cross section (CCS, the measured structural parameter in ion mobility spectrometry) of an ion is strongly dependent upon the manner in which gas molecules effectively impinge on and are reemitted from ion surfaces (when modeling ions as fixed structures). To directly examine the gas molecule impingement and reemission processes and their influence, we measured the CCSs of positively charged ions of room temperature ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM-N(CN)2) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF4) in N2 using a differential mobility analyzer-mass spectrometer (DMA-MS) and in He using a drift tube mobility spectrometer-mass spectrometer (DT-MS). Cluster ions, generated via electrosprays, took the form (AB)N(A)z, spanning up to z = 20 and with masses greater than 100 kDa. As confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, at the measurement temperature (∼300 K), such cluster ions took on globular conformations in the gas phase. Based upon their attained charge levels, in neither He nor N2 did the ion-induced dipole potential significantly influence gas molecule-ion collisions. Therefore, differences in the CCSs measured for ions in the two different gases could be primarily attributed to differences in gas molecule behavior upon collision with ions. Overwhelmingly, by comparison of predicted CCSs with selected input impingement-reemission laws to measurements, we find that in N2, gas molecules collide with ions diffusely--they are reemitted at random angles relative to the gas molecule incoming angle--and inelastically. Meanwhile, in He, gas molecules collide specularly and elastically and are emitted from ion surfaces at determined angles. The results can be rationalized on the basis of the momentum transferred per collision; in the case of He, individual gas molecule collisions minimally perturb the atoms within a cluster ion (internal motion), while in the case of N2, individual gas molecules have sufficiently large momentum to alter the internal motion in organic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Larriba-Andaluz
- University of Minnesota, Mechanical Engineering Department, 111 Church st. RM 2101A, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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28
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Barrios-Collado C, García-Gómez D, Zenobi R, Vidal-de-Miguel G, Ibáñez AJ, Martinez-Lozano Sinues P. Capturing in Vivo Plant Metabolism by Real-Time Analysis of Low to High Molecular Weight Volatiles. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2406-12. [PMID: 26814403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have deployed an efficient secondary electrospray ionization source coupled to an Orbitrap mass analyzer (SESI-MS) to investigate the emissions of a Begonia semperflorens. We document how hundreds of species can be tracked with an unparalleled time resolution of 2 min during day-night cycles. To further illustrate the capabilities of this system for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis, we subjected the plant to mechanical damage and monitored its response. As a result, ∼1200 VOCs were monitored displaying different kinetics. To validate the soundness of our in vivo measurements, we fully characterized some key compounds via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and confirmed their expected behavior based on prior gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) studies. For example, β-caryophyllene, which is directly related to photosynthesis, was found to show a periodic day-night pattern with highest concentrations during the day. We conclude that the capability of SESI-MS to capture highly dynamic VOC emissions and wide analyte coverage makes it an attractive tool to complement GC/MS in plant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Barrios-Collado
- Department of Energy Engineering and Fluid Dynamics, University of Valladolid , 47002 Valladolid, Spain.,SEADM S.L., 28036 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego García-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Vidal-de-Miguel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Fossil Ion Technology S.L., 28036 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Ibáñez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Science Zurich - Zurich PhD Program Molecular Life Sciences, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Pavlačka M, Bajerová P, Kortánková K, Bláha J, Zástěra M, Mázl R, Ventura K. Analysis of explosives using differential mobility spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-016-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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García-Gómez D, Gaisl T, Barrios-Collado C, Vidal-de-Miguel G, Kohler M, Zenobi R. Real-Time Chemical Analysis of E-Cigarette Aerosols By Means Of Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Chemistry 2016; 22:2452-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego García-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax
| | - Thomas Gaisl
- Department of Pulmonology; University Hospital Zurich; 8091 Zurich Switzerland
| | - César Barrios-Collado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax
| | - Guillermo Vidal-de-Miguel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax
- Fossil Ion Technology S.L. (FIT); Cipreses 18 28036 Madrid Spain
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology; University Hospital Zurich; 8091 Zurich Switzerland
- Centre for Integrative Human Physiology; University of Zurich; 8091 Zurich Switzerland
- Zurich Centre for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research; University of Zurich; 8091 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax
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31
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Arora H, Pramanik S, Kumar M, Bhalla V. “Not quenched” aggregates of a triphenylene derivative for the sensitive detection of trinitrotoluene in aqueous medium. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
“Not quenched” porous aggregates of triphenylene derivative 4 have been utilized for the detection of TNT in solution, solid and vapour phases with detection limits of 22.7 attograms cm−2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshveer Arora
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Subhamay Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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32
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Aernecke MJ, Mendum T, Geurtsen G, Ostrinskaya A, Kunz RR. Vapor Pressure of Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD) Estimated Using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11514-22. [PMID: 26505487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid method for vapor pressure measurement was developed and used to derive the vapor pressure curve of the thermally labile peroxide-based explosive hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) over the temperature range from 28 to 80 °C. This method uses a controlled flow of vapor from a solid-phase HMTD source that is presented to an ambient-pressure-ionization mass spectrometer equipped with a secondary-electrospray-ionization (SESI) source. The subpart-per-trillion sensitivity of this system enables direct detection of HMTD vapor through an intact [M + H](+) ion in real time at temperatures near 20 °C. By calibrating this method using vapor sources of cocaine and heroin, which have known pressure-temperature (P-T) curves, the temperature dependence of HMTD vapor was determined, and a Clausius-Clapeyron plot of ln[P (Pa)] vs 1/[T (K)] yielded a straight line with the expression ln[P (Pa)] = {(-11091 ± 356) × 1/[T (K)]} + 25 ± 1 (error limits are the standard error of the regression analysis). From this equation, the sublimation enthalpy of HMTD was estimated to be 92 ± 3 kJ/mol, which compares well with the theoretical estimate of 95 kJ/mol, and the vapor pressure at 20 °C was estimated to be ∼60 parts per trillion by volume, which is within a factor of 2 of previous theoretical estimates. Thus, this method provides not only the first direct experimental determination of HMTD vapor pressure but also a rapid, near-real-time capability to quantitatively measure low-vapor-pressure compounds, which will be useful for aiding in the development of training aids for bomb-sniffing canines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Aernecke
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, United States
| | - Ted Mendum
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, United States
| | - Geoff Geurtsen
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, United States
| | - Alla Ostrinskaya
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, United States
| | - Roderick R Kunz
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, United States
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33
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Differentiation of oral bacteria in in vitro cultures and human saliva by secondary electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15163. [PMID: 26477831 PMCID: PMC4609958 DOI: 10.1038/srep15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of bacterial-specific volatile metabolites may be a valuable tool to predict infection. Here we applied a real-time mass spectrometric technique to investigate differences in volatile metabolic profiles of oral bacteria that cause periodontitis. We coupled a secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) source to a commercial high-resolution mass spectrometer to interrogate the headspace from bacterial cultures and human saliva. We identified 120 potential markers characteristic for periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (n = 13), Porphyromonas gingivalis (n = 70), Tanerella forsythia (n = 30) and Treponema denticola (n = 7) in in vitro cultures. In a second proof-of-principle phase, we found 18 (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola) of the 120 in vitro compounds in the saliva from a periodontitis patient with confirmed infection with P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola with enhanced ion intensity compared to two healthy controls. In conclusion, this method has the ability to identify individual metabolites of microbial pathogens in a complex medium such as saliva.
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34
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Zhou Q, Peng L, Jiang D, Wang X, Wang H, Li H. Detection of nitro-based and peroxide-based explosives by fast polarity-switchable ion mobility spectrometer with ion focusing in vicinity of Faraday detector. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10659. [PMID: 26021282 PMCID: PMC4448110 DOI: 10.1038/srep10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) has been widely deployed for on-site detection of explosives. The common nitro-based explosives are usually detected by negative IMS while the emerging peroxide-based explosives are better detected by positive IMS. In this study, a fast polarity-switchable IMS was constructed to detect these two explosive species in a single measurement. As the large traditional Faraday detector would cause a trailing reactant ion peak (RIP), a Faraday detector with ion focusing in vicinity was developed by reducing the detector radius to 3.3 mm and increasing the voltage difference between aperture grid and its front guard ring to 591 V, which could remove trailing peaks from RIP without loss of signal intensity. This fast polarity-switchable IMS with ion focusing in vicinity of Faraday detector was employed to detect a mixture of 10 ng 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 50 ng hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) by polarity-switching, and the result suggested that [TNT-H]− and [HMTD+H]+ could be detected in a single measurement. Furthermore, the removal of trailing peaks from RIP by the Faraday detector with ion focusing in vicinity also promised the accurate identification of KClO4, KNO3 and S in common inorganic explosives, whose product ion peaks were fairly adjacent to RIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhou
- 1] Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Peng
- 1] Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- 1] Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Institute of Quality and Safety Engineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
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35
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Kozole J, Levine LA, Tomlinson-Phillips J, Stairs JR. Gas phase ion chemistry of an ion mobility spectrometry based explosive trace detector elucidated by tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 140:10-19. [PMID: 26048817 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The gas phase ion chemistry for an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) based explosive detector has been elucidated using tandem mass spectrometry. The IMS system, which is operated with hexachloroethane and isobutyramide reagent gases and an ion shutter type gating scheme, is connected to the atmospheric pressure interface of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS/MS). Product ion masses, daughter ion masses, and reduced mobility values for a collection of nitro, nitrate, and peroxide explosives measured with the IMS/MS/MS instrument are reported. The mass and mobility data together with targeted isotopic labeling experiments and information about sample composition and reaction environment are leveraged to propose molecular formulas, structures, and ionization pathways for the various product ions. The major product ions are identified as [DNT-H](-) for DNT, [TNT-H](-) for TNT, [RDX+Cl](-) and [RDX+NO2](-) for RDX, [HMX+Cl](-) and [HMX+NO2](-) for HMX, [NO3](-) for EGDN, [NG+Cl](-) and [NG+NO3](-) for NG, [PETN+Cl](-) and [PETN+NO3](-) for PETN, [HNO3+NO3](-) for NH4NO3, [NO2](-) for DMNB, [HMTD-NC3H6O3+H+Cl](-) and [HMTD+H-CH2O-H2O2](+) for HMTD, and [(CH3)3CO2](+) for TATP. In general, the product ions identified for the IMS system studied here are consistent with the product ions reported previously for an ion trap mobility spectrometer (ITMS) based explosive trace detector, which is operated with dichloromethane and ammonia reagent gases and an ion trap type gating scheme. Differences between the explosive trace detectors include the [NG+Cl](-) and [PETN+Cl](-) product ions being major ions in the IMS system compared to minor ions in the ITMS system as well as the major product ion for TATP being [(CH3)3CO2](+) for the IMS system and [(CH3)2CNH2](+) for the ITMS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kozole
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, United States
| | - Lauren A Levine
- Kutztown University, Department of Physical Sciences, Kutztown, PA, United States
| | - Jill Tomlinson-Phillips
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, United States
| | - Jason R Stairs
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, United States.
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36
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Bahrami H, Farrokhpour H. Corona discharge ionization of paracetamol molecule: peak assignment. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:646-651. [PMID: 25128677 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of paracetamol was investigated using ion mobility spectrometry equipped with a corona discharge ionization source. The measurements were performed in the positive ion mode and three peaks were observed in the ion mobility spectrum. Experimental evidence and theoretical calculations were used to correlate the peaks to related ionic species of paracetamol. Two peaks were attributed to protonated isomers of paracetamol and the other peak was attributed to paracetamol fragment ions formed by dissociation of the N-C bond after protonation of the nitrogen atom. It was observed that three sites of paracetamol compete for protonation and their relative intensities, depending on the sample concentration. The ratio of ion products could be predicted from the internal proton affinity of the protonation sites at each concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bahrami
- Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - H Farrokhpour
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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37
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Ma J, Lv L, Zou G, Zhang Q. Fluorescent porous film modified polymer optical fiber via "click" chemistry: stable dye dispersion and trace explosive detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:241-249. [PMID: 25487515 DOI: 10.1021/am505950c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a facile strategy to fabricate fluorescent porous thin film on the surface of U-bent poly(methyl methacrylate) optical fiber (U-bent POF) in situ via "click" polymerization for vapor phase sensing of explosives. Upon irradiation of evanescent UV light transmitting within the fiber under ambient condition, a porous film (POSS-thiol cross-linking film, PTCF) is synthesized on the side surface of the fiber by a thiol-ene "click" reaction of vinyl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS-V8) and alkane dithiols. When vinyl-functionalized porphyrin, containing four allyl substituents at the periphery, is added into precursors for the polymerization, fluorescence porphyrin can be covalently bonded into the cross-linked network of PTCF. This "fastened" way reduces the aggregation-induced fluorescence self-quenching of porphyrin and enhances the physicochemical stability of the porous film on the surface of U-bent POF. Fluorescent signals of the PTCF/U-bent POF probe made by this method exhibit high fluorescence quenching toward trace TNT and DNT vapor and the highest fluorescence quenching efficiency is observed for 1, 6-hexanedimercaptan-based film. In addition, because of the presence of POSS-V8 with multi cross-linkable groups, PTCF exhibits well-organized pore network and stable dye dispersion, which not only causes fast and sensitive fluorescence quenching against vapors of nitroaromatic compounds, but also provides a repeatability of the probing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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38
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Xu M, Han JM, Wang C, Yang X, Pei J, Zang L. Fluorescence ratiometric sensor for trace vapor detection of hydrogen peroxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:8708-14. [PMID: 24801730 DOI: 10.1021/am501502v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Trace vapor detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) represents a practical approach to nondestructive detection of peroxide-based explosives, including liquid mixtures of H2O2 and fuels and energetic peroxide derivatives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP), diacetone diperoxide (DADP), and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD). Development of a simple chemical sensor system that responds to H2O2 vapor with high reliability and sufficient sensitivity (reactivity) remains a challenge. We report a fluorescence ratiometric sensor molecule, diethyl 2,5-bis((((4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)terephthalate (DAT-B), for H2O2 that can be fabricated into an expedient, reliable, and sensitive sensor system suitable for trace vapor detection of H2O2. DAT-B is fluorescent in the blue region, with an emission maximum at 500 nm in the solid state. Upon reaction with H2O2, DAT-B is converted to an electronic "push-pull" structure, diethyl 2,5-diaminoterephthalate (DAT-N), which has an emission peak at a longer wavelength centered at 574 nm. Such H2O2-mediated oxidation of aryl boronates can be accelerated through the addition of an organic base such as tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), resulting in a response time of less than 0.5 s under 1 ppm of H2O2 vapor. The strong overlap between the absorption band of DAT-N and the emission band of DAT-B enables efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), thus allowing further enhancement of the sensing efficiency of H2O2 vapor. The detection limit of a drop-cast DAT-B/TBAH film was projected to be 7.7 ppb. By combining high sensitivity and selectivity, the reported sensor system may find broad application in vapor detection of peroxide-based explosives and relevant chemical reagents through its fabrication into easy-to-use, cost-effective kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah , 36 South Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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39
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Collins GE, Giordano BC, Sivaprakasam V, Ananth R, Hammond M, Merritt CD, Tucker JE, Malito M, Eversole JD, Rose-Pehrsson S. Continuous flow, explosives vapor generator and sensor chamber. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:054101. [PMID: 24880386 DOI: 10.1063/1.4871798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel liquid injection vapor generator (LIVG) is demonstrated that is amenable to low vapor pressure explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine. The LIVG operates in a continuous manner, providing a constant and stable vapor output over a period of days and whose concentration can be extended over as much as three orders of magnitude. In addition, a large test atmosphere chamber attached to the LIVG is described, which enables the generation of a stable test atmosphere with controllable humidity and temperature. The size of the chamber allows for the complete insertion of testing instruments or arrays of materials into a uniform test atmosphere, and various electrical feedthroughs, insertion ports, and sealed doors permit simple and effective access to the sample chamber and its vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg E Collins
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Braden C Giordano
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | | | - Ramagopal Ananth
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Mark Hammond
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Charles D Merritt
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - John E Tucker
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Michael Malito
- Nova Research, Inc., 1900 Elkin St., Suite 230, Alexandria, Virginia 22308, USA
| | - Jay D Eversole
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
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40
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Rajapakse MY, Stone JA, Eiceman GA. Decomposition Kinetics of Nitroglycerine·Cl–(g) in Air at Ambient Pressure with a Tandem Ion Mobility Spectrometer. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2683-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412444b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maneeshin Y. Rajapakse
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - John A. Stone
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, K7L3N6 Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary A. Eiceman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
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41
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Brust H, van Asten A, Koeberg M, Dalmolen J, van der Heijden A, Schoenmakers P. Accurate quantitation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate and its degradation products using liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1338:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Wang Y, Du X, Long Y, Tai H, Jiang Y. Detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using hydrogen-bond acidic polymer coated SAW sensor. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Lee J, Park S, Cho SG, Goh EM, Lee S, Koh SS, Kim J. Analysis of explosives using corona discharge ionization combined with ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 120:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Ewing RG, Heredia-Langner A, Warner MG. Optimizing detection of RDX vapors using designed experiments for remote sensing. Analyst 2014; 139:2440-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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45
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Zhang K, Yang L, Zhu H, Ma F, Zhang Z, Wang S. Selective visual detection of trace trinitrotoluene residues based on dual-color fluorescence of graphene oxide–nanocrystals hybrid probe. Analyst 2014; 139:2379-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02380j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dual-color fluorescence nanohybrid probe comprising blue emissive fluorescent graphene oxide and red emissive nanocrystals has been developed for the visual detection of TNT residues in solution and on various surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, China
| | - Houjuan Zhu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei, China
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46
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Sabo M, Malásková M, Matejčík Š. Laser desorption with corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry for direct surface detection of explosives. Analyst 2014; 139:5112-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00621f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a new highly sensitive technique for the detection of explosives directly from the surface using laser desorption-corona discharge-ion mobility spectrometry (LD-CD-IMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sabo
- Department of Experimental Physics
- Comenius University
- Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M. Malásková
- Department of Experimental Physics
- Comenius University
- Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Š. Matejčík
- Department of Experimental Physics
- Comenius University
- Bratislava, Slovakia
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47
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Ewing RG, Clowers BH, Atkinson DA. Direct real-time detection of vapors from explosive compounds. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10977-83. [PMID: 24090362 DOI: 10.1021/ac402513r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The real-time detection of vapors from low volatility explosives including PETN, tetryl, RDX, and nitroglycerine along with various compositions containing these substances was demonstrated. This was accomplished with an atmospheric flow tube (AFT) using a nonradioactive ionization source coupled to a mass spectrometer. Direct vapor detection was accomplished in less than 5 s at ambient temperature without sample preconcentration. The several seconds of residence time of analytes in the AFT provided a significant opportunity for reactant ions to interact with analyte vapors to achieve ionization. This extended reaction time, combined with the selective ionization using the nitrate reactant ions (NO3(-) and NO3(-)·HNO3), enabled highly sensitive explosives detection from explosive vapors present in ambient laboratory air. Observed signals from diluted explosive vapors indicated detection limits below 10 ppqv using selected ion monitoring (SIM) of the explosive-nitrate adduct at m/z 349, 378, 284, and 289 for tetryl, PETN, RDX, and NG, respectively. Also provided is a demonstration of the vapor detection from 10 different energetic formulations sampled in ambient laboratory air, including double base propellants, plastic explosives, and commercial blasting explosives using SIM for the NG, PETN, and RDX product ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Ewing
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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48
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Crawford C, Hill H. Evaluation of false positive responses by mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry for the detection of trace explosives in complex samples. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 795:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Holness H, Almirall J. Speciation effects of solvent chemistry on the analysis of drugs and explosives by electrospray ion mobility mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-013-0136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Li H, Bendiak B, Siems WF, Gang DR, Hill HH. Carbohydrate structure characterization by tandem ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS)2. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2760-9. [PMID: 23330948 PMCID: PMC3633474 DOI: 10.1021/ac303273z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A high resolution ion mobility spectrometer was interfaced to a Synapt G2 high definition mass spectrometer (HDMS) to produce IMMS-IMMS analysis. The hybrid instrument contained an electrospray ionization source, two ion gates, an ambient pressure linear ion mobility drift tube, a quadrupole mass filter, a traveling wave ion mobility spectrometer (TWIMS), and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The dual gate drift tube ion mobility spectrometer (DTIMS) could be used to acquire traditional IMS spectra but also could selectively transfer specific mobility selected precursor ions to the Synapt G2 HDMS for mass filtration (quadrupole). The mobility and mass selected ions could then be introduced into a collision cell for fragmentation followed by mobility separation of the fragment ions with the traveling wave ion mobility spectrometer. These mobility separated fragment ions are finally mass analyzed using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This results in an IMMS-IMMS analysis and provides a method to evaluate the isomeric heterogeneity of precursor ions by both DTIMS and TWIMS to acquire a mobility-selected and mass-filtered fragmentation pattern and to additionally obtain traveling wave ion mobility spectra of the corresponding product ions. This new IMMS(2) instrument enables the structural diversity of carbohydrates to be studied in greater detail. The physical separation of isomeric oligosaccharide mixtures was achieved by both DTIMS and TWIMS, with DTIMS demonstrating higher resolving power (70-80) than TWIMS (30-40). Mobility selected MS/MS spectra were obtained, and TWIMS evaluation of product ions showed that isomeric forms of fragment ions existed for identical m/z values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, US
| | - Brad Bendiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William F. Siems
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, US
| | - David R. Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, US
| | - Herbert H. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, US
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